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Contents
Figures, Tables, and Listingsv
Chapter 1 From QuickDraw to QuickDraw GX1-1
A Brief History of QuickDraw1-3
Graphics Programming Issues1-4
What to Draw1-5
QuickDraw Shapes1-5
QuickDraw GX Shapes1-6
How to Draw1-9
Style Objects1-10
Ink Objects and Colors1-12
Where to Draw1-13
Transforms1-14
How to Program It1-16
Chapter 2 Setting Up the Sample Application2-1
The Shell Program2-3
Initializating QuickDraw GX2-3
Attaching View Ports to Windows2-4
The Drawing Functions2-5
Chapter 3 Programming With Shapes3-1
Drawing a Line3-3
Drawing a Rectangle3-6
Drawing a Framed Rectangle3-8
Drawing a Curve3-10
Drawing a Polygon3-11
Drawing a Path3-13
Drawing Text3-15
Drawing Glyphs3-16
Drawing a Layout Shape3-19
Drawing a Bitmap3-22
Drawing a Picture3-24
Chapter 4 Programming With Styles4-1
Creating a Thick Line4-3
Creating a Thick Curve4-4
Adding Dashes to a Curve4-5
Adding Caps to a Curve4-8
Adding a Pattern to a Curve4-10
Changing Text Size and Font4-13
Changing the Text Face4-14
Insetting and Outsetting the Pen4-14
Changing the Style of a Picture Element4-17
Chapter 5 Programming With Inks5-1
Drawing a Blue Curve5-3
Blending Two Shapes5-4
Changing the Ink of a Picture Element5-6
Chapter 6 Programming With Transforms6-1
Clipping a Curve6-3
Rotating a Curve6-5
Skewing Text6-7
Transforming an Element of a Picture6-8
Hit-Testing6-9
Chapter 7 Printing7-1
Preparing to Print7-3
Setting Up a Document7-4
Printing One Copy7-5
Displaying the Print Dialog Box7-7
Figures, Tables, and Listings
Chapter 1 From QuickDraw to QuickDraw GX1-1
Figure 1-1 The shape object1-8
Figure 1-2 The style object1-11
Figure 1-3 QuickDraw pen versus QuickDraw GX pen1-12
Figure 1-4 An ink object1-12
Figure 1-5 A transform object1-15
Chapter 2 Setting Up the Sample Application2-1
Chapter 3 Programming With Shapes3-1
Listing 3-1 The CreateLine function3-4
Figure 3-1 A line shape3-4
Listing 3-2 The DoDraw function3-5
Listing 3-3 The CenterShapeInWindow function3-5
Listing 3-4 The CreateRectangle function3-6
Figure 3-2 A rectangle shape3-6
Listing 3-5 The SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow function3-7
Listing 3-6 The DoDraw function3-7
Listing 3-7 The CreateAFramedRectangle function3-9
Figure 3-3 A framed rectangle3-9
Listing 3-8 The CreateCurve function3-10
Figure 3-4 A curve shape3-11
Listing 3-9 The CreatePolygon function3-12
Figure 3-5 A polygon shape3-13
Listing 3-10 The CreatePath function3-14
Figure 3-6 A path shape3-15
Listing 3-11 The CreateText function3-15
Figure 3-7 A text shape3-16
Listing 3-12 The CreateGlyphs function3-17
Figure 3-8 A glyph shape3-19
Listing 3-13 The CreateLayout function3-20
Figure 3-9 A layout shape3-22
Listing 3-14 The CreateBitmap function3-23
Figure 3-10 A bitmap shape3-24
Listing 3-15 The CreatePicture function3-25
Figure 3-11 A picture shape3-26
Listing 3-16 The SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow function for picture shapes3-27
Chapter 4 Programming With Styles4-1
Listing 4-1 The CreateAThickLine function4-3
Figure 4-1 A thick line4-4
Listing 4-2 The CreateAThickCurve function4-5
Figure 4-2 A thick curve4-5
Listing 4-3 The CreateADashedCurve function4-6
Figure 4-3 A dashed curve4-7
Listing 4-4 The CreateACappedCurve function4-8
Figure 4-4 A capped curve4-10
Listing 4-5 The CreateAPatternedCurve function4-11
Figure 4-5 A patterned curve4-12
Listing 4-6 The ChangeTextSizeAndFont function4-13
Figure 4-6 Enlarged text4-13
Listing 4-7 The ChangeTextStyle function4-14
Figure 4-7 Italic, extended, enlarged text4-14
Listing 4-8 The PenGeometryPathPlay function4-15
Figure 4-8 Path with pen inset, centerd, and outset4-16
Listing 4-9 The AddThickBorderInPicture function4-17
Figure 4-9 A house with a thick border4-18
Chapter 5 Programming With Inks5-1
Listing 5-1 The CreateABlueCurve function5-3
Figure 5-1 A blue curve5-4
Listing 5-2 The CreateABlendedCurve function5-4
Figure 5-2 Blended curves5-6
Listing 5-3 The AddInkToDoorInPicture function5-6
Figure 5-3 A house with a turquoise door5-7
Chapter 6 Programming With Transforms6-1
Listing 6-1 The ClipCurve function6-3
Figure 6-1 A clipped curve6-5
Listing 6-2 The RotateCurve function6-6
Figure 6-2 A rotated curve6-7
Listing 6-3 The SkewText function6-7
Figure 6-3 Skewed text6-8
Listing 6-4 The AddNewWindowToPicture function6-8
Figure 6-4 A house with two windows6-9
Listing 6-5 The HitTestLayoutCaret function6-10
Figure 6-5 A layout with a caret6-11
Chapter 7 Printing7-1
Listing 7-1 The CreateNewPrintJob function7-3
Listing 7-2 The DisposePrintJob function7-4
Figure 7-1 The Document Setup dialog box7-4
Listing 7-3 The DoDocumentSetUp function7-5
Listing 7-4 The DoPrintOneCopy function7-6
Figure 7-2 The Print dialog box7-7
Listing 7-5 The DoPrintShape function7-8
Listing 1-0
Table 1-0
From QuickDraw to QuickDraw GX
Contents
A Brief History of QuickDraw1-3
Graphics Programming Issues1-4
What to Draw1-5
QuickDraw Shapes1-5
QuickDraw GX Shapes1-6
How to Draw1-9
Style Objects1-10
Ink Objects and Colors1-12
Where to Draw1-13
Transforms1-14
How to Program It1-16
From QuickDraw to QuickDraw GX
TO THE READER:
This book has not been substantially updated since the previous seed release, in May 1993. Parts of it are out of date and some code samples are incorrect or demonstrate suboptimal coding techniques. A major revision and expansion of this document is planned before its final release.u
QuickDraw GX is the new imaging technology from Apple Computer. It is not a revision of QuickDraw, but rather a complete redesign of the Macintosh graphics architecture.
This chapter compares QuickDraw GX to QuickDraw. The first section, “A Brief History of QuickDraw,” discusses how the design goals of QuickDraw have changed with each version.
The second section, “Graphics Programming Issues” on page 1-4, introduces the basic challenges inherent in graphics programming. The QuickDraw GX approach to solving these problems is compared to the QuickDraw approach in the sections “What to Draw” on page 1-5, “How to Draw” on page 1-9, and “Where to Draw” on page 1-13.
The final section in this chapter, “How to Program It” on page 1-16, outlines the programming support included with QuickDraw GX.
A Brief History of QuickDraw
The original version of QuickDraw was designed to achieve two specific goals:
n to provide the graphics capabilites necessary for the original Macintosh user interface
n to produce graphics quickly and efficiently—on computer hardware that, by today’s standards, was quite limited
The original QuickDraw could produce the kinds of graphics required for the Macintosh user interface: rectangles for windows, round rectangles for buttons, patterns for the desktop, and so on. In the interest of speed, the scope of the original QuickDraw did not include many advanced graphics capabilities.
To address some of these limitations, Apple has released two major revisions of QuickDraw: Color QuickDraw, which added color capabilities, and 32-bit QuickDraw, which supports true color. Both Color QuickDraw and 32-bit QuickDraw are extensions of the original QuickDraw—that is, they share the basic architecture of the original QuickDraw, each adding new capabilities.
Color QuickDraw in System 7 unified the previous versions and provided some additional capabilites, but it was based on the original QuickDraw architecture as well.
With QuickDraw GX, Apple is providing an entirely new graphics architecture—and a great number of new graphics capabilities. QuickDraw GX is related to the earlier versions of QuickDraw not in the design of the architecture, but rather in overall objective. QuickDraw GX has design goals similar to the design goals for QuickDraw:
n to provide the sophisticated graphics capabilites necessary for the graphical user interface of the Macintosh
n to produce these sophisticated graphics quickly and efficiently
In addition, the QuickDraw GX design has addressed some new goals:
n to provide a larger set of basic graphics objects
n to provide a consistent programming interface to those objects
n to provide device-independent graphics
n to provide useful programming tools for application developers—tools for debugging and error handling, for example
n to provide a runtime environment that supports fast graphics with many types of graphics objects
n to provide consistent printing for all graphics objects
So, where earlier versions of QuickDraw offer one set of solutions to common graphics programming issues, QuickDraw GX offers another. The rest of this chapter discusses these common graphics programming issues and compares the QuickDraw GX approach to the QuickDraw approach.
Graphics Programming Issues
Any graphics environment must provide a mechanism for you, as a graphics programmer, to specify three things:
n What to draw. You must be able to define the object to draw, which might include specifying control points (like the beginning and end of a line), specifying characters (when drawing text), or specifying bit patterns (when drawing bitmaps).
n How to draw it. A full-featured graphics environment should allow you to apply a number of stylistic and other variations to your graphics objects. For example, you might want to specify how thick an object’s border should be, what pattern should fill an object, or what color an object should be.
n Where to draw it. You also need to specify where the graphic should be drawn: what spatial relation it should have to other graphics objects and on what device it should actually be rendered.
There’s a fourth concern of full-featured graphics environments as well:
n How to program it. A graphics environment needs to provide programming tools (such as debugging tools) and development and runtime environments that support the graphics programming process.
The next three sections discuss the three drawing issues and how the QuickDraw GX approach differs from the original QuickDraw approach, and the final section in this chapter discusses the programming support included with QuickDraw GX.
What to Draw
From a programmer’s point of view, the most fundamental difference between the QuickDraw architecture and the QuickDraw GX architecture is the way you describe the graphics shapes you want to draw.
QuickDraw GX makes an important improvement on QuickDraw in this regard. Where the earlier QuickDraw architecture sometimes muddies the distinction between defining a shape and drawing a shape, QuickDraw GX keeps these tasks clearly separated.
To illustrate this distinction, the next section, “QuickDraw Shapes,” examines how you define shapes with QuickDraw and the section “QuickDraw GX Shapes,” on page 1-6, examines how you define them with QuickDraw GX.
QuickDraw Shapes
In the earlier versions of QuickDraw, the way you define a shape depends on what type of shape you want to draw.
The procedurally drawn shapes don’t require an explicit data structure—the shape is defined solely by calling drawing routines. To draw a line, for example, you could call the following routines:
MoveTo(10,10);
LineTo(20,20);
Notice that the definition of the line is not distinct from the drawing of line: the same code that defines the line also draws it.
The rectangle-based shapes (rectangles, round rectangles, and ovals) make some distinction between defining a shape and drawing it. With these types of shapes, you first define the shape’s bounding rectangle with a Rect data structure, for example:
Rect aRect;
SetRect(&aRect, 10, 10, 20, 20);
Then you finish defining the shape as you draw it. For example,
FrameRect(&aRect);
uses the aRect structure to draw a framed rectangle, whereas
FillOval(&aRect);
uses the same data structure to draw a filled oval.
The handle-based shapes (which include polygons and regions) require the most definition. To draw a region shape, for example, you must first allocate a new region, then define the parts of the region, and finally draw the region with a routine such as FrameRgn or FillRgn.
The QuickDraw approach to describing and drawing shapes has three important limitations:
n It is not a unified model: each type of shape requires a different method of programming.
n It allows direct access to many data structures, which prevents the data structures from residing on an accelerator card.
n It relies on state information—information stored in the graphics environment that affects how shapes are drawn. Since each graphics shape stores little information itself about how it is to be drawn, the graphics environment must store that information—and your application must set up the graphics environment correctly before drawing each shape.
QuickDraw GX Shapes
Unlike QuickDraw, QuickDraw GX separates the process of defining a shape from the process of drawing the shape. QuickDraw GX provides methods for defining and drawing shapes that are consistent across shape types—you can create a line in the same manner that you create a polygon and you can draw a rectangle with the same function that draws a bitmap.
The different types of shapes you can define with QuickDraw GX include:
n empty shapes
n full shapes
n points
n lines
n rectangles
n curves
n polygons
n paths
n text
n glyphs
n layouts
n bitmaps
n pictures
Chapter 3 of this document, “Programming With Shapes,” describes these shape types in more detail and provides sample code that shows how to create them.
In QuickDraw GX, every type of shape requires a definition and an underlying data structure—in this way, shapes in QuickDraw GX are similar to the handle-based shapes of QuickDraw. However, there are many important differences.
The data structures that represent shapes in QuickDraw GX are private—that is, your application cannot directly manipulate the information stored in them. These data structures are called objects and the pieces of information in them are called properties. QuickDraw GX provides functions that allow your application to create and dispose of objects and to change the values of their properties.
Each QuickDraw GX shape is represented by a shape object. Every shape object has six properties:
n shape type, which specifies the type of the shape: line, rectangle, curve, and so on
n geometry, which describes the graphical structure of the shape—for example,
the geometry of a curve shape contains the control points that define the curve; the geometry of a text shape contains the characters that make up the text
n shape fill, which specifies how the shape should be framed or filled
n attributes, which are a set of flags that modify the behavior of the shape
n owner count, which QuickDraw GX uses to implement object sharing
n tag list, which you can use to add application-specific information to your shapes
In addition to these six properties, every shape object contains references to three other objects: a style object, an ink object, and a transform object. These objects are discussed later in this chapter.
Figure 1-1 depicts a shape object and shows how the shape type, shape fill, and geometry properties affect the shape.
Note
Note that the word shape has two different meanings in QuickDraw GX. The word shape can refer to any graphic, such as a blue rectangle drawn on the screen, but it can also refer to the shape object, which exists in memory, has the type gxShape, and contains the the six properties listed above. In QuickDraw GX, every graphic shape is represented in memory by a shape object, so the term shape is used for both. u
Figure 1-1 The shape object
There are three main advantages to defining shapes separately from drawing them:
n A consistent programming interface. To draw a shape with QuickDraw GX, no matter what the shape type, you create a shape object, set the values of its properties appropriately, and then draw the shape. QuickDraw GX provides a number of methods for creating shape objects and initializing their properties, but each method works for the entire range of shape types.
n No reliance on state information. Since some shapes in QuickDraw have no data structure associated with them, QuickDraw must use other elements of the graphic environment to store information about how to draw the shapes. For example, a QuickDraw line has no associated data structure, so QuickDraw uses the GrafPort data structure to store information such as how thick the line should be drawn. Whenever you want to draw a new line with a different thickness, you must remember to set the information in the GrafPort structure first. With QuickDraw GX, however, every shape is represented by a shape object, which, along with its associated style, ink, and transform objects, includes all of the information necessary to draw the shape. The next two sections discuss the style, ink, and transform objects in more detail.
n A place to cache pre-drawing calculations. Certain calculations are necessary before drawing any shape—for some shapes, these calculations can take as much time as the actual drawing. Because drawing in QuickDraw relies on information stored in the graphics environment, pre-drawing calculations typically must be thrown away after drawing each shape. However, in QuickDraw GX, the pre-drawing calculations for each shape can be stored as a cache associated with the shape object. If memory permits, these caches stay around from one drawing of a particular shape to the next. The next time you draw a shape that you have already drawn (for example, in response to an update event), QuickDraw GX can use the information in the cache to speed the drawing process. Although QuickDraw GX handles these caches for you, it also provides a mechanism for you to create and dispose them to suit your application’s particular needs. You can find more information about these drawing caches in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects.
As you can see, the advantages of QuickDraw’s object-based graphics are numerous. However, there are some potential disadvantages to this type of graphics system. For example, since every shape stores all of the information necessary to draw it, the amount of memory necessary for complex graphics could be very large. QuickDraw GX addresses this problem in two ways: it automatically unloads shapes (writes them to disk) when it needs more memory space, and it allows objects to be shared. For more information about loading and unloading shapes, see Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects; for more information about object sharing, see that book and also see the next section of this chapter.
Another potential disadvantage of object-based graphics is that the sheer number of objects in memory might pose special memory-management problems. To address this concern, QuickDraw GX has its own specialized memory manager, and QuickDraw GX objects reside in a private memory heap. For more information, see “How to Program It” on page 1-16.
How to Draw
With QuickDraw, much of the information necessary to draw shapes is stored in a GrafPort (or CGrafPort) data structure. For each GrafPort data structure, there can be only one set of drawing state information at a time. This information, such as pen size and pattern, applies to whatever shape happens to be drawn while the information is in the GrafPort structure.
When you want to draw a shape, you must prepare information in the GrafPort structure before calling the routines that draw the shape. Since a GrafPort structure typically applies to an entire window, you have to reset the information in the GrafPort structure before you draw a different shape in the same window.
As discussed in the previous section, having to constantly reset the values in the GrafPort structure is a programming chore and it eliminates the possibility of caching certain types of pre-drawing calculations.
With QuickDraw GX, each shape is responsible for maintaining its own drawing information. For example, pen size no longer applies to the entire drawing port—instead, each individual shape can have its own pen size. When you want to draw a shape, you don’t need to reset any state information; you simply call the shape-drawing function.
Instead of storing this type of drawing information in the shape object directly, QuickDraw GX encapsulates it into two other types of objects:
n The style object. These objects store information about stylistic variations on how the shape is drawn. Some of this information is similar to the information in the QuickDraw GrafPort data structure, such as pen size, pattern, text font, and text size; some information is new to QuickDraw GX, such as dashes, joins, and caps. The next section, “Styles,” describes style objects in more detail.
n The ink object. These objects store color and transfer mode information. QuickDraw GX provides a sophisticated method for color specification, which allows you to specify colors in a wide variety of color spaces. Transfer modes are an enhanced version of the copy modes of QuickDraw. The section “Ink Objects and Colors,” on page 1-12, describes ink objects in more detail.
One of the advantanges of storing style and ink information separately from shape information is that it permits sharing—for example, a single style object can be shared among many shape objects. Object sharing minimizes the amount of memory QuickDraw GX needs to describe graphic shapes.
When you first create a QuickDraw GX shape, the new shape object contains a reference to the system’s default style object and default ink object. These objects, which are typically shared by many shapes, contain default drawing information—for example, the default pen thickness is 1.0 and the default color is black. If you want to change the system’s default stylistic and color behavior, you only need to change the properties of these default objects.
QuickDraw GX provides a great number of functions that allow you to customize the style and ink properties of a shape. For example, if you want to change the pen thickness property of a particular shape, you use the GXSetShapePen function. If the shape is currently sharing its style object with other shapes, QuickDraw GX typically creates a copy of the shared style object, assigns it the new pen thickness, and associates it with the shape.
The next two sections examine the properties of the style and ink objects.
Style Objects
The style object contains information about stylistic variations applicable to both geometric shapes and typographic shapes.
Figure 1-1 depicts a style object and shows how certain style properties affect shape drawing.
Figure 1-2 The style object
There is an important difference between the QuickDraw pen and the QuickDraw GX pen. Conceptually, the QuickDraw pen is an upright rectangle that QuickDraw drags along the contours of the shape being drawn. The QuickDraw GX pen is a line which QuickDraw GX drags along the contours of the shape being drawn—always keeping it perpendicular to the contours; you can specify whether it is centered, inset, or outset. Figure 1-3 shows the difference between these two pens.
Figure 1-3 QuickDraw pen versus QuickDraw GX pen
The sample functions in Chapter 4, “Programming With Styles,” demonstrate the QuickDraw GX pen, along with other properties of the style object.
Ink Objects and Colors
The ink object contains information about a shape’s color and how that color interacts with the background when the shape is drawn.
Figure 1-1 depicts an ink object and shows how the color and transfer mode properties affect drawing.
Figure 1-4 An ink object
With QuickDraw, you typically specify colors in the RGB color space; either directly, when the color specification contains actual RGB color information, or indirectly, when the color specification contains an index into a table that holds the RGB color information.
QuickDraw GX retains both the direct and indirect color specification models, but also adds a number of new color spaces, as well as a color matching model. The chapter “Colors and Color-Related Objects” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects describes the new color model in detail.
The transfer modes of QuickDraw GX allow you to specify how a shape’s color interacts with the existing background color when drawn.
The sample functions in Chapter 5, “Programming With Inks,” show how to set the color and transfer mode of a QuickDraw GX shape.
Where to Draw
In QuickDraw, the GrafPort data structure also contains information that determines where shapes are drawn. The GrafPort has its own coordinate system, contains a bitmap, and is typically associated with a window, an offscreen drawing buffer, or a printing device. Whenever you draw a shape, you are drawing to the “current GrafPort.”
QuickDraw GX provides the view port and the view device to replace this use of the GrafPort. The view port defines a local coordinate space and determines other characteristics of how shapes are rendered in the view port, such as whether the shapes are dithered. Like a GrafPort, a view port can be associated with a particular window; however, it does not have to be. You can create view port hierarchies to implement features such as separate scrolling panes in a window.
The view device represents a rendering device or an offscreen equivalent. Like the GrafPort, it contains a bitmap that represents the result of drawing operations. The “View-Related Objects” chapter of Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects describes view ports, view devices, and the relationship between them.
Just as each shape in QuickDraw GX is responsible for maintaining its own style and color information, each shape is also responsible for maintaining information about where it is to be drawn. This information is encapsulated in the transform object.
Each QuickDraw GX shape references a transform object, which specifies how the shape is to be clipped and mapped, and to what view port the shape is to be drawn. The next section, “Transforms,” explains the transform object in more detail.
Another important difference between QuickDraw and QuickDraw GX is how you specify coordinates. In QuickDraw, coordinates are integers whereas in QuickDraw GX coordinates are fixed-point values (type fixed ), which have both an integer and a fractional part.
Sometimes the “where” of “where to draw” isn’t the screen or an offscreen buffer, but rather a printer. QuickDraw GX provides an entirely new printing architecture, which is introduced in Chapter 7, “Printing,” and thoroughly described in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Printing.
Transforms
The transform object contains information about how a shape is to be clipped, what mapping transformation should be applied to it, and to what viewPorts it should be drawn.
Figure 1-1 depicts a transform object and shows how certain transform properties affect shape drawing.
Figure 1-5 A transform object
Because each QuickDraw GX shape references a transform object, each shape can have its own clip and its own mapping. The clip determines how much of the shape is visible when drawn. A clip can be any QuickDraw GX shape (except pictures and some kinds of bitmaps). For example, you could use a polygon shape as a clip shape to show only a small triangular section of a large picture.
The mapping is a 3-by-3 matrix that QuickDraw GX applies to the coordinates of the shape’s control points before drawing the shape. With this mapping, you can skew, rotate, resize, and otherwise distort your shapes. QuickDraw GX provides a number of functions that manage this mapping for you, such as GXSkewShape and GXScaleShape, but it also provides functions that allow you to alter the mapping matrix directly.
The transform object also contains some parameters that affect hit testing. Chapter 6, “Programming With Transforms,” shows an example of hit-testing, and the “Shape Objects” and “Transform Objects” chapters of Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects explain hit-testing and the transform’s hit test parameters in more detail.
Finally, the transform object contains a view port list. When you draw any shape, the view port list of that shape’s transform determines which view ports the shape is actually drawn to. See the chapter “View-Related Objects” Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects for more details.
How to Program It
In addition to the new graphics architecture described in this chapter, QuickDraw GX also provides a number of new programming support features:
n Debugging support. There are two versions of QuickDraw GX: a debugging version and a nondebugging version. The debugging version is larger and slower, but contains code that supports the debugging process. QuickDraw GX also provides validation functions, which help you to ensure the integrity of your graphics objects, and a debugger, called GraphicsBug, which allows you to examine the contents of your graphics objects.
n Error-handling system. QuickDraw GX defines three levels of errors: notices, warnings, and errors. Notices alert you to unnecessary or redundant function calls. Warnings inform you that, while a function may have executed, it probably did something unexpected. Errors inform you that a function was unable to execute. You can provide handling functions for each type of error.
n Memory management. QuickDraw GX provides its own memory management optimized for the QuickDraw GX system of graphics object. Unlike the original Macintosh Memory Manager, QuickDraw GX doesn’t use handles to locate blocks of memory; instead it uses reference values. Although you can still use the Macintosh Memory Manager, you may want to take advantange of some of the new memory management features of QuickDraw GX to handle your application’s memory needs.
n QuickDraw simulation. QuickDraw GX provides a set of libraries that simulate the standard QuickDraw functions.
n QuickDraw translation. QuickDraw GX can automatically convert QuickDraw calls to QuickDraw GX calls and can also convert data in QuickDraw picture format to QuickDraw GX pictures.
n Utilities. QuickDraw GX also provides a number of programming utilities—for example, a messaging system, an object-collection system, and a set of mathematical support functions.
n Libraries. Finally, QuickDraw GX provides a large library of sample functions for you to use. These functions vary from the convenience functions of the shape library, which provide alternate methods of creating and initializing shapes, to the more intricate functions of the camera library, which allow you to create special perspective effects.
See Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Environment and Utilities for more information on these subjects.
Listing 2-0
Table 2-0
Setting Up the Sample Application
Contents
The Shell Program2-3
Initializating QuickDraw GX2-3
Attaching View Ports to Windows2-4
The Drawing Functions2-5
Setting Up the Sample Application
The rest of this document presents a sample application that includes functions illustrating each of the major programming concepts of QuickDraw GX.
Before diving into the sample functions, however, you need to understand a little about the organization of the sample application. The application has three parts: the shell program, which is located in the QD GX Overview Main.c file, the sample drawing functions, which are located in the QD GX Overview Draw.c file, and the printing-related functions, which are located in the QD GX Overview Print.c file. This chapter introduces a few important concepts underlying the organization of the main and drawing files; the last chapter of this document, “Printing,” discusses the functions in the printing file.
The Shell Program
The shell program, which is located in the files QD GX Overview Main.h and QD GX Overview Main.c, implements most of the standard Macintosh programming necessary for the sample application. In particular, it initializes the Macintosh, creates menus, creates a window, and handles events.
The menus created by the sample application are
n File
n Edit
n Shape
n Style
n Ink
n Transform
The File and Edit menus have the usual menu items, which are disabled for this application, with the exception of the printing-related ones, which are described in Chapter 7, “Printing.”
The other four menus, Shape, Style, Ink, and Transform, contain menu items that demonstrate the four basic QuickDraw GX objects. When the user selects an item from one of these menus, the shell program calls the corresponding sample drawing functions, which are described throughout the next four chapters.
Although the shell program mostly handles typical Macintosh-related programming chores, so that you can concentrate on the QuickDraw GX-related ones, there are a few QuickDraw GX tasks handled in the shell—in particular, initializing QuickDraw GX and attaching a view port to a window. The next two sections discuss these tasks.
Initializating QuickDraw GX
The shell program calls these functions to initialize QuickDraw GX:
The GXNewGraphicsClient function sets up the graphics memory heap, in which QuickDraw GX stores your application’s graphics objects. The QuickDraw GX heap is separate from your application’s heap.
It is not strictly necessary to call the GXNewGraphicsClient function; if you don’t call it before calling the GXEnterGraphics function, QuickDraw GX sets up a default graphics heap for your application (which is based on your application’s ideal heap size).
The GXEnterGraphics function otherwise initializes QuickDraw GX—in particular, it initializes the default graphics objects.
When the user chooses to quit the sample application, the shell program calls the corresponding exit functions of QuickDraw GX:
GXExitGraphics();
GXDisposeGraphicsClient(gGraphicsClient);
The GXExitGraphics function disposes of any global variables and default objects used by QuickDraw GX, and the GXDisposeGraphicsClient function disposes your graphics memory heap.
For more information on these initialization and exit functions, see Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Environment and Utilities.
The shell program also initializes some of the debugging and error-handling facilities of QuickDraw GX. In particular, it calls
SetGraphicsLibraryErrors();
SetGraphicsLibraryNotices();
These functions install the notice-, warning-, and error-handling functions provided by the QuickDraw GX libraries.
The shell program also calls
GXSetValidation(gxPublicValidation);
This function causes QuickDraw GX to perform run-time validation for all of the QuickDraw GX graphics (and typographic) function calls. Of course, this validation slows the application, but it is particularly useful when debugging a QuickDraw GX application.
Attaching View Ports to Windows
The shell program creates a standard Macintosh window with the following line of code:
In QuickDraw GX, however, you don’t draw directly to a window, but rather to a view port. QuickDraw GX provides the GXNewWindowViewPort function to create a view port and attach it to a particular window.
Since the sample application draws every shape to the same window, the shell program defines the view port attached to that window to be the default view port, by calling the SetDefaultViewPort function.
This line of code creates a new view port object, attaches it to the window referenced by the global variable gWindowOne, and adds it to the view port list of the default transform object. Since new shapes automatically reference the default transform object when you create them, QuickDraw GX draws each new shape in the sample application to the window specified by the gWindowOne parameter.
The Drawing Functions
When the user of the sample application chooses a menu item, the shell program calls the appropriate drawing function from the QD Overview Draw.c file. These drawing functions, which are described in the next four chapters, create different types of QuickDraw GX shapes. Each function stores a reference to the shape it creates in the global variable gShape:
gxShape gShape;
When the shell program receives an update event, it calls the DoDraw function, which uses the gShape variable to redraw the most recently drawn shape:
void DoDraw ()
{
if (GXGetShapeType (gShape) != gxEmptyType) {
GXValidateShape (gShape);
GXDrawShape (gShape);
}
}
In addition to the initialization that the shell program does itself, it also allows the Draw.c file to perform its own initialization:
void DoInitialization()
{
InitCommonColors();
gShape = GXNewShape (gxEmptyType);
}
The InitCommonColors function initializes the color library functions, which you’ll use in Chapter 5, “Programming With Inks.”
The shell program also calls the following function from the QD Overview Draw.c file before the application quits:
void DoDispose()
{
if (gShape != nil)
GXDisposeShape (gShape);
DisposeCommonColors();
}
Throughout the next four chapters, you’ll see the QD Overview Draw.c file one sample function at a time. Occasionally, a new sample function will require an additional include file, global variable, or initialization or exit code. Remember that you can always find the complete sample code in the QD Overview Main.c file and the QD Overview Draw.c file.
Listing 3-0
Table 3-0
Programming With Shapes
Contents
Drawing a Line3-3
Drawing a Rectangle3-6
Drawing a Framed Rectangle3-8
Drawing a Curve3-10
Drawing a Polygon3-11
Drawing a Path3-13
Drawing Text3-15
Drawing Glyphs3-16
Drawing a Layout Shape3-19
Drawing a Bitmap3-22
Drawing a Picture3-24
Programming With Shapes
This chapter shows you how to implement the Shape menu of the sample application. Each section of this chapter presents a function that creates a different type of QuickDraw GX shape, implementing a single menu item from the Shape menu. Each section introduces a new shape type, shows the code necessary to create a shape of that type, discusses the code, and tells where to find other relevant information.
Drawing a Line
QuickDraw GX provides a number of different types of shapes: geometric shapes, typographic shapes, bitmaps, and so on. Each of these shape categories has a different type of geometry. For example, the geometry of a geometric shape contains the shape’s control points; the geometries of the typographic shapes contain the characters that make up the text string, a starting position, and possibly some text style information; the geometries of bitmaps contain the pixel image, the bitmap dimension, and color information; and so on.
Lines are geometric shapes; their geometries contain two control points—a first point and a last point. QuickDraw GX provides the gxLine structure to contain a line geometry:
typedef struct {
fixed x;
fixed y;
} gxPoint;
typedef struct {
gxPoint first;
gxPoint last;
} gxLine;
The CreateLine sample function, shown in full in Listing 3-1, defines this line geometry:
where ff() is a QuickDraw GX-provided utility function that converts an integer into a number of type fixed. To create a line shape once you have defined a line geometry, you can use the GXNewLine function, which has this interface:
gxShape GXNewLine(const gxLine *data);
The following code, which appears in the CreateLine sample function, creates a new line shape from the data in the lineGeometry structure, and sets the global variable gShape to reference the new shape.
gShape = GXNewLine(&lineGeometry);
Listing 3-1 shows the complete definition of the CreateLine function, which the shell program (in the QD GX Overview Main.c file) calls in response to the user selecting the “Draw a Line” menu item from the “Shape” menu.
The CreateLine function first declares the lineGeometry structure and initializes it with fixed values using QuickDraw GX’s ff() macro. Then, it calls the InvalidWindowRect function (provided for you in the QD GX Overview Main.c file) to invalidate the window and causes an update event. The shell program responds to update events by calling the DoDraw function, which is shown in Listing 3-2.
Listing 3-2 The DoDraw function
void DoDraw()
{
if (GXGetShapeType (gShape) != gxEmptyType) {
GXValidateShape (gShape);
GXDrawShape (gShape);
}
}
This function uses the GXDrawShape function to draw the shape referenced by the gShape global variable (as long as that variable does not reference an empty shape).
After invalidating the window, the CreateLine function creates a new line shape referenced by the global variable gShape.
Finally, the CreateLine function moves the line to the center of the window, by calling the CenterShapeInWindow function, shown in Listing 3-3.
x = (windowBoundsRect.left + windowBoundsRect.right) >> 1;
y = (windowBoundsRect.top + windowBoundsRect.bottom) >> 1;
MoveShapeCenterTo(gShape, x, y);
GXDisposeShape (windowBoundsShape);
}
This function finds the center of the window and then uses the MoveShapeCenterTo function to move the center of the shape to the center of the window. The MoveShapeCenterTo function is a utility function provided in the QuickDraw GX shape library.
For more information about shapes in general, see the chapter “Shape Objects” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects. For more information about line shapes, see the chapter “Geometric Shapes” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
You can find out about more utility functions by examining the QuickDraw GX libraries directly.
Drawing a Rectangle
You define a QuickDraw GX rectangle in much the same way that you define a line: a set of two points. However, for a rectangle, these points represent corners of the rectangle rather than first and last points. See Listing 3-4.
Listing 3-4 The CreateRectangle function
void CreateRectangle()
{
gxRectangle rectangleGeometry = {ff(25), ff(25),
ff(125), ff(125)};
SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow();
GXSetRectangle(gShape, &rectangleGeometry);
GXSetShapeFill(gShape, solidFil);
CenterShapeInWindow();
}
Figure 3-3 shows the result of this function.
Figure 3-2 A rectangle shape
Notice the similarities between the CreateRectangle function and the CreateLine function in Listing 3-1: the CreateRectangle function begins by defining the shape’s geometry, it then invalidates the window, creates a shape to contain the geometry, sets the shape fill, and centers the shape in the window. Like CreateLine, this function leaves the drawing to the DoDraw function, which the shell program calls in response to update events.
There is one major difference between the CreateLine and the CreateRectangle functions: the way they invalidate the window. When CreateLine was the only drawing function, it was enough simply to call the InvalidWindowRect function, which the shell program provides. However, now that there are two shapes that the sample application user can draw, the DoDraw function needs to erase the previous shape before drawing the next one. The sample application implements this by declaring a second global variable that stores a copy of the original shape and sets its color to white:
gxShape gEraserShape;
The gEraserShape shape is created and initialized in the SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow function, shown in Listing 3-5.
Listing 3-5 The SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow function
You should be sure to replace the call to InvalidWindowRect in your CreateLine function with a call to the SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow function—in case the sample application user chooses the Draw a Line menu item after the Draw a Rectangle menu item.
To update the window correctly, the DoDraw function has only to draw the eraser shape before drawing the new shape. See Listing 3-6.
Listing 3-6 The DoDraw function
void DoDraw()
{
if (gEraserShape != nil) {
GXValidateShape (gEraserShape);
GXDrawShape (gEraserShape);
}
if (GXGetShapeType (gShape) != gxEmptyType) {
GXValidateShape (gShape);
GXDrawShape (gShape);
}
}
You must also update your DoInitialize and DoDispose functions to include the gEraserShape object.
For more information about rectangle shapes, see the chapter “Geometric Shapes” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Drawing a Framed Rectangle
The properties of the shape object determine not only the type of the shape and the control points of its geometry, but also how the shape is framed or filled. In fact, QuickDraw GX provides a number of methods for filling a shape. Some common fill types are
n gxNoFill specifies that the geometry is not to be filled at all; QuickDraw GX does not draw shapes with a gxNoFill shape fill. You can use this shape fill to hide a shape or to prevent part of a picture from drawing.
n gxHollowFill specifies that QuickDraw GX should interpret the shape’s geometry as a closed frame—a set of lines and curves connecting the shape’s control points, including a line or curve connecting the first control point and the last control point of each contour. The example function in this section, shown in Listing 3-7, uses the gxHollowFill shape fill to specify a framed rectangle.
n gxOpenFrameFill specifies that QuickDraw GX should frame the shape but not connect the first and last control points of each contour. This shape fill is appropriate for lines and curves, and for open polygons and paths.
n gxSolidFill species that QuickDraw GX should interpret the shape’s geometry as a solid area. However, this shape fill doesn’t fill areas created when a shape’s boundary overlaps itself, as shown in Figure 1-1 in the chapter “From QuickDraw to QuickDraw GX” in this book.
n gxWindingFill also specifies that QuickDraw GX interpret the shape’s geometry as a solid area, but gxWindingFill also fills areas created when the shape’s boundary overlaps itself.
QuickDraw GX provides the GXGetShapeFill and GXSetShapeFill functions to allow you to manipulate a shape’s fill type. Listing 3-7 shows the CreateAFramedRectangle sample function, which uses the GXSetShapeFill function and the gxHollowFill shape fill to create a framed rectangle.
Listing 3-7 The CreateAFramedRectangle function
void CreateAFramedRectangle()
{
if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxRectangleType)
CreateRectangle();
else
SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ();
GXSetShapeFill(gShape, gxHollowFill);
}
This example first uses the GXGetShapeType function to examine the shape type of the shape object referenced by the gShape global variable. If gShape does not already reference a rectangle shape, the CreateAFramedRectangle function calls the CreateRectangle function; if gShape does already reference a rectangle shape, the CreateAFramedRectangle function simply prepares the window to be redrawn by calling SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow.
Once gShape references a rectangle shape, the CreateAFramedRectangle function sets the shape fill to the gxHollowFill fill type. Figure 3-3 shows the result of this function.
Remember that the shell program calls the DoDraw sample function in response to the update event caused by the window invalidation, and the DoDraw function draws the shape by calling GXDrawShape(gShape).
Figure 3-3 A framed rectangle
For more information about shape types and shape fills, see the chapter “Geometric Shapes” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Drawing a Curve
QuickDraw GX provides quadratic Bézier curves—the same type of curve used by Apple TrueType fonts. You specify a curve geometry with three control points:
typdef struct {
gxPoint first;
gxPoint control;
gxPoint last;
} gxCurve;
The points defined bvy the first and last fields fall at the endpoints of the curve The point defined by the control field lies off the curve; it determines the tangents of the curve at the first and last points.
Listing 3-8 shows the CreateCurve function, which defines a curve shape.
Listing 3-8 The CreateCurve function
void CreateCurve()
{
gxCurve curveGeometry = {ff(25), ff(125),
ff(100), 0,
ff(225), ff(125)};
SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow();
GXSetCurve(gShape, &curveGeometry);
GXSetShapeFill(gShape, gxOpenFrameFill);
CenterShapeInWindow();
}
The CreateCurve function first defines a curve geometry and then uses the GXSetCurve function to
n set the shape type of the gShape shape object to gxCurveType
n set the geometry of the gShape shape object to the values in curveGeometry
Although the GXSetCurve function sets the shape’s shape type and geometry, it does not affect the shape’s shape fill. Since some shape fills are not appropriate for curves, the CreateCurve function specifies the gxOpenFrameFill shape fill for the gShape shape object.
Figure 3-4 shows the result of the CreateCurve function.
Figure 3-4 A curve shape
For more information about curve shapes and curve geometries, see the chapter “Geometric Shapes” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Drawing a Polygon
In QuickDraw GX, a polygon is a series of points connected by straight lines. The shape fill determines whether the polygon is open (the first and last control points are not connected) or closed (they are connected).
A polygon can have any number of control points:
typedef struct {
long vectors;
gxPoint vector[gxAnyNumber];
} gxPolygon;
The gxPolygon structure defines a single contour (a series of connected points). However, a QuickDraw GX polygon shape can contain any number of separate contours. Therefore, the polygon shape geometry is defined as an array of polygon geometries:
typedef struct {
long contours;
gxPolygon contour[gxAnyNumber];
} gxPolygons;
Listing 3-9 shows the CreatePolygon sample function, which creates a polygon shape that contains a single contour in the shape of a five-pointed star.
Listing 3-9 The CreatePolygon function
void CreatePolygon()
{
long starGeometry[] = { 1, /* number of contours */
5 , /* number of points */
/* the points */
ff(60), 0,
ff(90), ff(90),
ff(0), ff(30),
ff(120), ff(30),
ff(0), ff(90)};
SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ();
GXSetPolygons(gShape, (polygons *) starGeometry);
GXSetShapeFill(gShape, gxSolidFill);
CenterShapeInWindow();
}
The CreatePolygon function defines the geometry of the polygon in the starGeometry array. The geometry specifies a single contour of five points, each point being a tip of one the points of the star.
This sample function sets the shape type and the geometry of the gShape shape object with the GXSetPolygons function. Notice that this function casts the starGeometry variable, which is declared to be an array of long values, to type gxPolygons before sending it to the GXSetPolygons function.
The CreatePolygon function also sets the shape fill of the gShape shape object to gxSolidFill with the GXSetShapeFill function. The gxSolidFill shape fill specifies that the polygon be a solid area; however, areas created when the polygon’s boundary overlaps itself are not filled. Figure 3-5 shows the result of the CreatePolygon function.
Figure 3-5 A polygon shape
For more information about shape fills and polygon shapes, see the chapter “Shape Objects” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects and the “Geometric Shapes” chapters of Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Drawing a Path
A QuickDraw GX path is similar to a polygon in that it is a connected series of points. However, paths can contain curves as well as straight lines.
A path can have any number of control points, which can lie on or off the path:
typedef struct {
long vectors;
long controlBits[gxAnyNumber];
gxPoint vector[gxAnyNumber];
} gxPath;
The gxPath structure is identical to the gxPolygon structure, except that the gxPath structure includes an array of bits that specify whether each control point is on or off the path. Two consecutive points on the path indicate a straight line. Two points on the path separated by a single point off the path indicate a quadratic Bézier curve. Two consecutive points off the path imply an on-path point halfway between them.
Like polygon shapes, path shapes can also have more than one contour. The gxPaths structure describes a path shape’s geometry:
typedef struct {
long contours;
gxPath contour[gxAnyNumber];
} gxPaths;
Listing 3-10 shows the CreatePath sample function, which creates a path shaped like a figure eight with an extra loop.
Listing 3-10 The CreatePath function
void CreatePath()
{
long tripleBumpPathGeometry[] = {1, // number of contours
This function first defines a path geometry containing a single contour with six control points. The controlBits field of this structure is set to the value 0xff000000. Clear bits in this field correspond to control points on the curve and set bits correspond to points off the curve. Since the first six bits of 0xff000000 are set, all six control points for this path are off the curve—meaning there are six implied on-curve points halfway between each consecutive pair of off-curve points.
The CreatePath sample function uses the GXSetPaths function to set the shape type and geometry of the gShape shape object and uses the GXSetShapeFill function to set its shape fill.
Figure 3-6 shows the result of the CreatePaths function.
Figure 3-6 A path shape
For more information about path geometries and path shapes, see the chapter “Geometric Shapes” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Drawing Text
QuickDraw GX provides three types of typographic shapes: the text shape, the glyph shape, and the layout shape. The text shape is the simplest of these three; it represents a string of text with one font, one text size, and one typestyle.
Unlike the geometric shapes, which contain control points in their geometries, the geometry of a text shape contains a string of characters and a starting position.
Listing 3-11 shows the CreateText sample function, which creates a text shape.
This sample function uses the GXSetText function to set the shape type and the geometry of the gShape shape object. The shape type becomes gxTextType, and the geometry includes the string “QuickDraw™ GX” and a point that indicates the starting position of the text. Figure 3-7 shows the result of this function.
Figure 3-7 A text shape
Because the CreateText sample function does not set a specific font, text size, or typestyle, QuickDraw GX chooses the appropriate default for the current script system. The section “Changing Text Styles” in Chapter 4, “Programming With Styles,” shows how to override this default.
For more information about text shapes, see the chapters “Typographic Shapes” and “Text Shapes” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Typography.
Drawing Glyphs
The glyph shape provides more sophisticated typography than the text shape. A glyph shape represents a string of text that can have multiple fonts, text sizes, font styles, glyph orientations and glyph positions.
Like text shapes, glyph shapes include a text string and a starting position in their geometries and text style information in their associated style object. However, for text shapes the text style information applies to the entire string of text, whereas for glyph shapes this style information is simply the default—a glyph shapes can have multiple styles, which override the default style information. Glyph shapes store overriding information about each glyph’s position, tangent, font, size, and style in the glyph shape’s geometry.
The CreateGlyphs sample function, shown in Listing 3-12, makes the gShape shape object into a glyph shape. The function starts by creating a text shape referenced by a local variable bunchOfGlyphs, and then converts it to a glyph shape. Then the function creates four text styles, each of which is a style object that specifies a font, a text face, and a text size.
The CreateGlyphs function then creates a style list which alternates through the four styles and assigns the style list to the glyph shape using the SetGlyphStyles function. The second parameter to this function is an array of values indicating how many glyphs each style applies to. In this example, each element of this array is filled with the value 1, indicating that each style applies to a single glyph.
The CreateGlyphs function then uses the GXGetGlyphPositions and GXSetGlyphPositions functions to vary the position of each glyph in the glyph shape.
Finally, the sample function uses the GXCopyToShape function to copy the bunchOfGlyph gxShape to the global variable gShape, and uses the GXDisposeShape function to dispose the bunchOfGlyphs shape.
Listing 3-12 The CreateGlyphs function
void CreateGlyphs()
{
char theText[] = "Just a bunch of letters";
gxPoint startingPosition = {ff(65), ff(140)};
gxPoint glyphPosition[sizeof(theText) + 1];
gxStyle styles[sizeof(theText)];
gxStyle styleSet[4];
short runsOfText[sizeof(theText)];
gxShape bunchOfGlyphs;
short counter;
long advanceBits = 0x80000000;
SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ();
/* Create a text shape and convert it to a glyph shape. */
The SetStyleCommonFont and SetStyleCommonFace functions are utility functions included in the QuickDraw GX libraries. To include the appropriate libraries for these functions, add these lines to the beginning of your QD GX Overview Draw.c file:
#include "font library.h"
Figure 3-8 shows the result of the CreateGlyphs function.
Figure 3-8 A glyph shape
For more information about glyph shapes, see the chapters “Typographic Shapes” and “Glyph Shapes” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Typography. You might also want to examine the functions defined in the text and font libraries.
Drawing a Layout Shape
Layout shapes provide the most sophisticated typography in QuickDraw GX. With a layout shape, you can
n highlight some or all of the text in the shape, including discontiguous highlighting
n hit-test within the text
n determine the appropriate location for a caret given some position in the text
n support your application’s line-breaking decisions with fast measurement functions
n automatically create contextual glyph forms and ligatures
n have manual or automatic kerning, tracking, and letterspacing
n correctly handle justification and ordering capabilities in right-to-left languages like Arabic and Hebrew
Much of the information used to create the special effects of layout shapes is contained in TrueType GX fonts. For example, these fonts contain
n baseline information, including a primary baseline and relative positions of other baselines, such as centered, hanging, or mathematics baselines
n justification behavior, such as how white space is distributed
n information on caret placement, such as where carets should be placed inside ligatures
n information about ligature formation and other glyph transformations
n the optical edges of glyphs
Listing 3-13 shows the CreateLayout sample function, which creates a layout shape with three separate style runs. Most of this function simply sets up the parameters to the GXNewLayout function:
gxShape GXNewLayout(long textRunCount, const short textRunLengths[],
const void *text[], long styleRunCount,
const short styleRunLengths[],
const gxStyle styles[], long levelRunCount,
const short levelRunLengths[],
const short levels[],
const gxLayoutOptions *layoutOptions,
const gxPoint *position);
The CreateLayout sample function sets these parameters:
n textRunCount, which indicates the number of different text strings in the text parameter
n testRunLengths, which indicates the number of characters in each of the text runs
n text, which contains the text strings
n styleRunCount, which indicates the number of different styles in the styles parameter
n styleRunLengths, which indicates the number of bytes of text associated with each entry in the styles parameter
n styles, which contains the style information
n position, which contains the starting position of the layout shape
The CreateLayout sample function sets up the text and style run information, and then calls the GXNewLayout function. Figure 3-9 shows the result of this function.
Figure 3-9 A layout shape
Note
An even easier way of creating a layout shape is to create a text shape using the GXNewText function and convert it to a layout shape using the GXSetShapeType function. u
Seen chapter 6, “Programming With Transforms,” for an example of hit-testing this layout shape. For more information about layout shapes, see “Layout Shapes” and related chapters in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Typography.
Drawing a Bitmap
QuickDraw GX also provides bitmap shapes, which allows you to draw certain types of images that wouldn’t be possible, or would be much more difficult, with the other shape types.
The geometry of a bitmap shape specifies the position of the bitmap and the following bitmap data:
typedef struct {
char *image;
long width;
long height;
long rowBytes;
short pixelSize;
gxColorSpace space;
gxColorSet set;
gxColorProfile profile;
}
The image field points to a block of memory that contains the pixel image. The pixelSize field indicates the size of each pixel in this image, and the width and height fields specify the dimensions, in pixels, of this image. Each pixel of the image specifies the color of one pixel in the bitmap; how this information is interpreted depends on the space, set, and profile fields.
The CreateBitmap sample function, as shown in Listing 3-14, creates a ramp—a shape that displays a smooth transition from one color to another. To create this ramp, the CreateBitmap function creates a bitmap 1 pixel tall and 256 pixels wide. It then fills in the pixel values, creating a smooth ramp from black to white through a gray color space. Finally, it scales the shape by 40 in the vertical dimension, creating a rectangular ramp.
For more information about color, see Chapter 5 in this book and the chapter “Colors and Color-related Objects” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects. For more information about scaling and other shape transformations, see Chapter 6 in this book and the chapter “Transform Objects” inf Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects.
Figure 3-10 shows the result of the CreateBitmap function.
Figure 3-10 A bitmap shape
For more information about bitmaps and bitmap shapes, see the chapter “Bitmap Shapes” of Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Drawing a Picture
In QuickDraw GX, the picture shape is a container for other shapes—including other picture shapes, allowing you to create hierarchies of shapes. You can use picture shapes to group other shapes, as you might want to do before printing them or saving them to disk using the QuickDraw GX stream format.
Listing 3-15 shows the CreatePicture function, which creates a picture of a house. The picture has three elements: a house border, a door, and a window. The house border is a simple, single-contour polygon, the door is a rectangle, and the window is a three-contour polygon shape.
The CreatePicture function defines the geometry of each of the elements, turns those geometries into shapes using the NewPolygon, GXNewPolygons, and GXNewRectangle functions, and then adds each shape to picture using the AddToShape function. (The AddToShape and NewPolygon functions are utility functions provided in the shape library. You can use the AddToShape function to add a shape to a picture and the NewPolygon function to create a polygon shape with a single contour.)
Listing 3-15 The CreatePicture function
void CreatePicture()
{
long windowGeometry[] = {3, /* number of contours */
4, /* points in frame */
0, 0, ff(30), 0, ff(30), ff(30),
0, ff(30), /* window frame */
2, /* vertical crossbar */
ff(15), 0, ff(15), ff(30),
2, /*horizontal crossbar*/
0, ff(15), ff(30), ff(15)};
long houseGeometry[] = {7, /* # of points in house border */
Figure 3-11 shows each element, and the final result, of the CreatePicture function.
Figure 3-11 A picture shape
Listing 3-16 shows the appropriate changes to the SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow function to handle pictures. This function now uses the GXGetShapeType function to test if the current gShape shape object is a picture. If not, the function remains the same as before, copying the gShape shape to an eraser shape and setting the color of the eraser shape to white. If the gShape shape is a picture, the function creates a rectangular eraser shape just big enough to cover the picture, using the GXGetShapeBounds function.
Listing 3-16 The SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow function for picture shapes
For more information about picture shapes, see the chapter “Picture Shapes” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Listing 4-0
Table 4-0
Programming With Styles
Contents
Creating a Thick Line4-3
Creating a Thick Curve4-4
Adding Dashes to a Curve4-5
Adding Caps to a Curve4-8
Adding a Pattern to a Curve4-10
Changing Text Size and Font4-13
Changing the Text Face4-14
Insetting and Outsetting the Pen4-14
Changing the Style of a Picture Element4-17
Programming With Styles
This chapter shows you how to implement functions that respond to menu items from the sample application’s Style menu. These sample drawing functions each respond to a different item of the Style menu and demonstrate a different property of the style object. The style object allows you to add stylistic variations to your QuickDraw GX shapes—variations running from line thickness to text face to patterns within a shape.
Creating a Thick Line
When QuickDraw GX draws a shape with contours (a curve, for example, or a hollow polygon), it uses the pen size property of the shape’s style object to determine how thick the contours should be.
The QuickDraw GX pen property specifies a one-dimensional thickness; conceptually, the pen is a line segment that QuickDraw GX drags along the contours of a shape when drawing it. QuickDraw GX always positions the pen so that it is perpendiclar to the contour being drawn, which causes the ends of the contour to be flat, no matter what the contour’s angle. The length of this line segment is called the pen size.
The pen size can be any fixed value, including zero, which causes QuickDraw GX to draw hairline contours. A hairline is the thinnest possible line given the resolution of a device: one device pixel wide.
Listing 4-1 shows how to set the pen size of the line shape created in Chapter 3. This function, like many of the functions in this chapter, uses one of these constants to specify the pen size:
#define kThinnerPenWidth 2
#define kThinPenWidth 5
#define kMediumPenWidth 15
#define kThickPenWidth 30
#define kVeryThickPenWidth 45
Since pen size is a fixed value, you must use the ff function with these constants.
Listing 4-1 The CreateAThickLine function
void CreateAThickLine()
{
if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxLineType)
CreateLine();
else
SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ();
GXSetShapePen (gShape, ff(kMediumPenWidth));
}
Like the CreateAFramedRectangle function, in Listing 3-7 on page 3-9, this function first tests to see if the gShape shape is already the correct type—in this case, a line. If it is not, this function calls the CreateLine function from the last chapter to create a line shape referenced by the global variable gShape.
The CreateAThickLine sample function then calls the GXSetShapePen function, which:
n determines whether the style object associated with the gShape line shape is shared with any other shapes and, if so, makes a copy the style object for the gShape line shape
n sets the pen property of the style object to the value ff(kMediumPenWidth)
Figure 4-1 shows the result of the CreateAThickLine function. Notice that QuickDraw GX positions the pen so that it is perpendicular to the line, creating flat edges at the ends of the line, even though the line is on a diagonal.
Figure 4-1 A thick line
The next section gives another example of setting the pen property.
Creating a Thick Curve
Listing 4-2 shows the CreateAThickCurve function, which uses the GXSetShapePen function to set the pen size of a curve shape.
Listing 4-2 The CreateAThickCurve function
void CreateAThickCurve()
{
if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxCurveType)
CreateCurve();
else
SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ();
GXSetShapePen (gShape, ff(kThickPenWidth));
}
Figure 4-2 shows the result of this function. Again, notice the flat edges at the ends of the curve.
Figure 4-2 A thick curve
For more information about the QuickDraw GX pen and the pen property of style objects, see the chapter “Geometric Styles” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Adding Dashes to a Curve
The style object allows you to specify whether the contours of a shape should be dashed. QuickDraw GX allows dashes to be any arbitrary shape—lines, rectangles, polygons, paths, and so on. You can also specify how QuickDraw GX applies the dashes to the contour—for example, how far apart to place the dashes, where the first dash starts and whether to clip the dashes to the contour’s thickness or let them extend beyond.
QuickDraw GX even allows you to use text to dash another shape. The CreateADashedCurve function, shown in Listing 4-3, shows how to wrap the text “QuickDraw™ GX” to the curve shape defined in Chapter 3, “Programming With Shapes.”
This function creates the curve shape and then creates a dash structure, which contains the information necessary to apply the text shape to the curve shape:
typedef struct {
gxDashAttributes attributes;
gxShape dash;
fixed advance;
fract phase;
fixed scale;
} gxDashRecord;
The dash field of the dash structure contains the actual text shape (which is created using functions discussed in the section “Changing Text Size and Font” beginning on page 4-13).
For the attributes field, the gxBreakDash attribute is set, which indicates that each glyph in the text shape should be individually placed on the contour and rotated to be perpendicular to the contour’s tangent.
The advance field indicates the distance between dashes. By making this field large enough, only one dash—the complete text string—appears on the curve.
The phase field indicates how far into the text shape the dashing should start. To start at the beginning of the text, the phase should be 0.
Finally, the scale field indicates the height of the dash; in this case, the text size. QuickDraw GX maps the value of the scale field by the pen size of the shape being dashed. Since the pen size of the curve is set to 35 and the scale of the dash is 35, the text appears as 35 point.
Once the dash structure is complete, the CreateADashedCurve function adds the dash to the curve shape using the GXSetShapeDash function.
Listing 4-3 The CreateADashedCurve function
void CreateADashedCurve()
{
gxDashRecord textDash;
if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxCurveType)
CreateCurve();
else
SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ();
/* Create the gxShape that will be used to dash */
textDash.dash = GXNewText(13,
(unsigned char*)"QuickDraw™ GX",
nil);
SetShapeCommonFont(textDash.dash, timesFont);
GXSetShapeTextSize(textDash.dash, ff(35));
GXSetShapeType(textDash.dash, gxPathType);
/* Set up the dash structure */
textDash.attributes = gxBreakDash;
textDash.advance = ff(330);
textDash.phase = 0;
textDash.scale = ff(35);
/* Set up the dash structure */
GXSetShapePen(gShape, ff(35));
GXSetShapeDash (gShape, &textDash);
GXDisposeShape(textDash.dash);
}
Figure 4-3 shows the result of this function.
Figure 4-3 A dashed curve
For more information about dashing, see the chapter “Geometric Styles” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
For more information about text styles, see the section “Changing Text Size and Font” beginning on page 4-13 of this chapter, and the chapter “Typographic Styles” of Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Typography.
Adding Caps to a Curve
Just as you can specify a dash to draw along the contours of a shape, you can also specify caps, which are shapes you want to draw at the ends of another shape’s contours.
You set the cap property of a style object using a cap structure:
typedef struct {
gxCapAttribute attributes;
gxShape startCap;
gxShape endCap;
} gxCapRecord;
The attributes field lets you specify whether the cap shapes are rotated to match the slope of the contour. Specifying gxNoAttributes indicates the caps should be rotated (the default behavior).
The startCap and endCap fields specify the actual shapes to use as the start and end caps.
Listing 4-4 shows the CreateACappedCurve function, which adds a polygon shaped like the head of an arrow and a polygon shaped like the tail of an arrow to the ends of the curve shape from previous examples.
Listing 4-4 The CreateACappedCurve function
void CreateACappedCurve()
{
gxShape arrowHead, arrowTail;
gxCapRecord theCapRecord;
long arrowHeadPolygonGeometry[] = {4, /* number of points */
-ff(2)-fix1/2, 0,
0, fix1,
fix1 + fix1/2, 0,
0, -fix1};
long arrowTailPolygonGeometry[] = {5, /* number of points */
Another property of the style object, called the join property, allows you to specify a shape to draw at the corners of another shape. For more information about caps and joins, see the chapter “Geometric Styles” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Adding a Pattern to a Curve
QuickDraw GX also allows you to pattern shapes. Unlike dashes, caps, and joins, which are restricted to shapes with contours (shapes that are framed rather than filled), you can apply patterns to both framed and filled shapes.
As with dashes, caps, and joins, you can use any shape to pattern another shape. You use the pattern structure to define a pattern, and the GXSetShapePattern function to set the pattern property of a style object.
typedef struct {
gxPatternAttribute attributes;
gxShape pattern;
gxPoint u;
gxPoint v;
} gxPatternRecord;
The attributes field of this record contains flags that let you alter the behavior of the pattern.
The pattern field contains a reference to the shape to use as the pattern.
The u and v fields are vectors that, together, specify the grid to use when positioning the pattern shape.
The sample function in Listing 4-5 patterns a thick curve shape with stars. Since the u field of the pattern structure specifies a vertical vector and the v field specifies a horizontal vector, the stars are positioned in a rectangular pattern.
Listing 4-5 The CreateAPatternedCurve function
void CreateAPatternedCurve()
{
gxShape starShape;
gxRectangle starShapeBounds;
gxPatternRecord starPattern;
long starGeometry[] = { 1, /* number of contours */
The CreateAPatternedCurve function uses the GXScaleShape function to scale the star polygon down in both horizontal and vertical coordinates so that more stars appear in the curve, as shown in Figure 4-5.
Figure 4-5 A patterned curve
For more information about the pattern property of the shape object, see the chapter “Geometric Styles” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Changing Text Size and Font
The style object also contains properties that apply to the typographic shapes. The sample function in Listing 4-6 shows how to change the text size and font properties.
Listing 4-6 The ChangeTextSizeAndFont function
void ChangeTextSizeAndFont()
{
if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxTextType)
CreateText();
else {
SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ();
}
GXSetShapeTextSize(gShape, ff(45));
SetShapeCommonFont(gShape, timesFont);
CenterShapeInWindow();
}
This function uses the GXSetShapeTextSize function to set the text size property of the style object associated with the gShape text shape to 45. It also uses the SetShapeCommonFont function to change the font property of the style associated with the shape. Figure 4-6 shows the result of this function. (The SetShapeCommonFont function, along with the definition for timesFont, is provided in the QuickDraw font library.)
Figure 4-6 Enlarged text
For more information about text sizes and fonts as well as many other typographic style properties, see the chapter “Fonts” and “Typographic Styles” chapters of Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Typography.
You might also want to examine the contents of the font library to discover other font-related utilities provided with QuickDraw GX.
Changing the Text Face
The style object also contains a text face property. The function in Listing 4-7 uses the SetShapeCommonFace function provided in the QuickDraw GX text library to change the text face of the text shape from the previous section.
Listing 4-7 The ChangeTextStyle function
void ChangeTextStyle()
{
ChangeTextSizeAndFont();
SetShapeCommonFace(gShape, italic + extend);
}
Figure 4-7 shows the result of this function.
Figure 4-7 Italic, extended, enlarged text
For more informationabout typestyles and text faces, see the chapter “Typographic Styles” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Typography. For examples and utilities, see the type definitions and functions provided in the text library.
Insetting and Outsetting the Pen
Like all QuickDraw GX objects, style objects have an attributes property—a set of flags that modifies the behavior of the style. The style attributes that affect graphic shapes are
n gxCenterFrameStyle
n gxSourceGridStyle
n gxDeviceGridStyle
n gxInsideFrameStyle
n gxOutsideFrameStyle
n gxAutoInsetStyle
The sample function in this section demonstrates the gxCenterFrameStyle, gxInsideFrameStyle, and gxOutsideFrameStyle attributes, which specify whether QuickDraw GX should center, inset, or outset the pen on a shape’s contours.
This sample function creates a picture containing three path shapes. Each shape has the tripleBumpGeometry from the path shape example in the previous chapter, “Programming With Shapes.” However, one path is green and has the pen inset, one is red and has it outset, and the last is blue and has the pen centered. (Chapter 5, “Programming With Inks,” discusses the color-related functions in more detail.)
The gxUniqueItemsShape attribute applies only to picture shapes and indicates that, when adding a shape to the picture, QuickDraw GX should create a copy of the shape and add the copy to the picture rather than merely adding a reference to the shape. By setting this attribute, the PenGeometryPathPlay function adds three separate path shapes to the picture—each with a different style attribute.
Figure 4-8 shows the result of this function.
Figure 4-8 Path with pen inset, centerd, and outset
For more information about style attributes, see the chapter “Geometric Styles” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Changing the Style of a Picture Element
The sample functions in the previous sections of this chapter have altered a number of style objects without ever explicitly creating one. The QuickDraw GX functions GXSetShapePen, GXSetShapeDash, GXSetShapePattern, and so on, all affect style objects, but they affect style objects associated with a particular shape—you don’t have to be concerned about the style object explicitly when you use those functions.
Sometimes, however, you might want to create and alter a style object directly. The sample function in Listing 4-9 shows how to create a style object, set its pen property, and use it to affect the style of one element of a picture.
Listing 4-9 The AddThickBorderInPicture function
void AddThickBorderInPicture()
{
gxStyle thickerPen;
if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxPictureType)
CreatePicture();
else
SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow();
/* Create a thicker pen style to add to the house border. */
This function creates a new style object with the GXNewStyle function and changes the pen size of the style object with the GXSetStylePen function, which is similar to the GXSetShapePen function except that it applies directly to style objects.
QuickDraw GX provides a number of functions that allow you to edit shapes once you’ve created them, one of which is the GXSetPictureParts function. The sample function uses the GXSetPictureParts function to alter a single element of the house picture from Chapter 3, “Programming With Shapes.” It uses GXSetPictureParts to replace the first item in the picture (the house border) with itself, overriding the original style of the house border with the thickerPen style. For more information about editing pictures, see the chapter “Picture Shapes” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Figure 4-9 shows the result of the AddThickBorderInPicture function.
Figure 4-9 A house with a thick border
For more information about styles, the style object, and properties of the style object, see the chapter “Geometric Styles” chapter in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics and the “Typographic Styles” chapter in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Typography.
Listing 5-0
Table 5-0
Programming With Inks
Contents
Drawing a Blue Curve5-3
Blending Two Shapes5-4
Changing the Ink of a Picture Element5-6
Programming With Inks
The QuickDraw GX ink object allows you to specify color and color-transfering information for your shapes. The sample drawing functions in this chapter each respond to a different item of the Ink menu and demonstrate the two main properties of the ink object: color and transfer mode.
Drawing a Blue Curve
QuickDraw GX provides a sophisticated and intricate color model, described in detail in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects. However, you don’t need to understand the entire color model to start drawing in color. The QuickDraw GX color library provides many convenient type definitions and utility functions that greatly simplify drawing in color.
Listing 5-1 shows a function that draws the curve shape from earlier examples in blue. To do this, it creates a new ink object, sets the color property of that ink object to blue using the color library function SetInkCommonColor and value blue, and attaches the ink object to the curve shape referenced by gShape.
Listing 5-1 The CreateABlueCurve function
void CreateABlueCurve()
{
gxInk blueInk;
if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxCurveType)
CreateCurve();
else
SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ();
GXSetShapePen(gShape, ff(kMediumPenWidth));
blueInk = GXNewInk ();
SetInkCommonColor(blueInk, blue);
GXSetShapeInk(gShape, blueInk);
GXDisposeInk(blueInk);
}
Figure 5-1 shows the result of this function (as rendered on a black-and-white device).
Figure 5-1 A blue curve
For information about the QuickDraw GX color model, see the chapters “Colors and Color-Related Objects” and “Ink Objects” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects. For utilities and examples, see the color library.
Blending Two Shapes
Besides color, the other main property of the ink object is its transfer mode. A shape’s transfer mode determines how the color of the shape (the source color) interacts with the color of the background (the destination color) over which QuickDraw GX draws the shape. As with color, the transfer mode model is powerful and intricate: the transfer mode structure contains
n information about the color space in which the transfer happens
n three filters, in the form of 5 by 4 matrices, that can be used to modify the source, destination, and result colors before and after the transfer occurs
n up to four transfer mode components, that independently specify the transfer mode for each component (such as red, geeen, or blue) in the color space
n a set of flags that affect the transfer
The sample function in Listing 5-2 shows the simplest case of a transfer mode. This function specifies gxRgbSpace as the transfer mode’s color space, sets the gxSingleComponentTransfer flag (which indicates that a single transfer mode is to be used for all four transfer mode components), and specifies that the transfer mode be gxBlendMode, which indicates that the source color and background color should be blended.
This function creates a picture with two overlapping curve shapes. The first curve shape references the default ink object and the second curve shape references an ink object with an altered transfer mode. The sample function uses the GXSetShapeTransfer function to set the transfer mode of the second curve’s ink object.
Figure 5-2 shows the result of this function.
Figure 5-2 Blended curves
For more information about transfer modes, see the chapter “Ink Objects” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects.
Changing the Ink of a Picture Element
In the last chapter, you used the GXSetPictureParts function to change the pen size of the house border in the house picture. In this section, you’ll use GXSetPictureParts to change the color of the house picture’s door.
The sample function in Listing 5-3 creates an ink object, uses the SetInkCommonColor function from the color library to change the color property of the ink object, and overrides the door shape’s existing ink object with the new ink object.
For more information about inks, the ink object, and the properties of the ink object, see the chapter “Ink Objects” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects. For more information about the QuickDraw GX color model, see the chapter “Colors and Color-Related Objects,” also in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects.
Listing 6-0
Table 6-0
Programming With Transforms
Contents
Clipping a Curve6-3
Rotating a Curve6-5
Skewing Text6-7
Transforming an Element of a Picture6-8
Hit-Testing6-9
Programming With Transforms
This chapter shows you how to implement the functions that respond to the menu items of the sample application’s Transform menu. The sample functions in this chapter each respond to a different menu item and demonstrate a different property of the transform object.
The transform object has four main properties:
n clip
n mapping
n view port list
n hit-test parameters
This chapter gives examples of mapping, clipping, and hit-testing. For information about view ports, see the chapter “View-Related Objects” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects.
Clipping a Curve
The clip property of a shape’s transform object determines how much of the shape QuickDraw GX actually draws. The clip property contains the clip shape. When QuickDraw GX draws a shape, it draws only the parts of the shape that intersect with the shape’s clip shape.
The clip shape is a QuickDraw GX shape—you can use rectangles, polygons, paths, and so on as clip shapes. The sample function in Listing 6-1 uses an irregularly shaped path (an “oval wabble,” which is pictured in Figure 6-1) to clip the curve shape from previous sections.
Listing 6-1 The ClipCurve function
void ClipCurve()
{
gxShape newClipShape;
long ovalWabbleGeometry[] = {1, // number of contours
x = clipBoundsShape.left + clipBoundsShape.right >> 1;
y = clipBoundsShape.top + clipBoundsShape.bottom >> 1;
GXRotateShape(newClipShape, ff(90), x, y);
GXGetShapeBounds(gShape, 0L, &curveBoundsShape);
x = curveBoundsShape.left;
y = curveBoundsShape.top;
GXMoveShapeTo(newClipShape, x, y);
GXSetShapeClip(gShape, newClipShape);
GXDisposeShape(newClipShape);
}
The ClipCurve sample function creates the curve shape, which is the shape to be clipped, and the wabble shape, which is the clip shape. (The clip shape is rotated and moved in this example so that it actually intersects with curve shape.) The sample function then uses the GXSetShapeClip function to set the clip of the curve shape’s transform.
Figure 6-1 shows the steps of the clipping process and the final result of the function.
Figure 6-1 A clipped curve
For more information about clipping, see the chapter “Transform Objects” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Rotating a Curve
The mapping property of a shape’s transform object is a 3-by-3 matrix that QuickDraw GX applies to each control point of the shape’s geometry before drawing the shape. Although QuickDraw GX allows you to specify the components of this matrix directly, it also provides a number of functions that create an appropriate matrix for you—for example, the GXRotateShape function.
The GXRotateShape function allows you to rotate a shape by a specified number of degrees. To perform the rotation, the GXRotateShape function takes one of the following approaches:
n If the gxMapTransformShape attribute of the shape object is set, GXRotateShape performs the rotation by setting the mapping property of the shape’s transform to an appropriate mapping matrix. The original control points of the shape’s geometry are not affected.
n If the gxMapTransformShape attribute of the shape object is not set, GXRotateShape performs the rotation by changing the control points of shape’s geometry directly.
By default, this attribute is set for bitmap shapes and clear for other types of shapes.
Listing 6-2 shows the RotateCurve sample function, which uses the GXRotateShape function to create a mapping matrix that rotates the curve shape by 90 degrees.
x = (curveBoundsShape.left + curveBoundsShape.right) >> 1;
y = (curveBoundsShape.top + curveBoundsShape.bottom) >> 1;
GXRotateShape(gShape, ff(90), x, y);
}
Notice that the parameters to the GXRotateShape function specify the shape to rotate, the desired angle of rotation, and the point about which to rotate the shape (which, in this case, is the center of the curve shape).
Figure 6-2 shows the result of this function.
Figure 6-2 A rotated curve
For more information about the mapping property of transform objects and other mapping utility functions, see the chapter “Transform Objects” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects.
Skewing Text
Since the typographic shapes are full-fledged QuickDraw GX shapes, they also reference transform objects, and the clip and mapping properties apply to them as well.
The SkewText sample function, shown in Listing 6-3, demonstrates the GXSkewShape function, which skews a shape by altering its control points directly or by altering the mapping property of its transform object—depending on the gxMapTransformShape shape attribute. The parameters of the GXSkewShape function specify how much to skew the shape in each dimension and the point about which to skew the shape.
Listing 6-3 The SkewText function
void SkewText()
{
fixed x,y;
gxRectangle textBoundsShape;
ChangeTextSizeAndFont();
GXGetShapeBounds(gShape, 0L, &textBoundsShape);
x = textBoundsShape.left;
x = textBoundsShape.left + textBoundsShape.right >> 1;
y = textBoundsShape.top + textBoundsShape.bottom >> 1;
GXSkewShape(gShape, fl(1.5), 0, x, y);
}
Figure 6-3 shows the result of this function.
Figure 6-3 Skewed text
Transforming an Element of a Picture
The GXSetPictureParts function, which you’ve seen in the previous two chapters, also allows you to override the transform object of a picture element.
The AddNewWindowToPicture sample function, shown in Listing 6-4, shows how to override a picture element’s transform so that the element appears twice in the picture. This function creates a transform object and alters its mapping property using the GXScaleTransform and GXMoveTransform functions. Then, it creates the picture of the house from the previous chapters and extracts a reference to the window shape using the GXGetPictureParts function. Finally, it adds the window shape back to the picture with an overriding transform object—making the new window appear in a different place within the house.
For more information about adding elements to pictures with overriding transform objects, see the “Picture Shapes” chapter of Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics.
Hit-Testing
The transform object also contains a hit-test property, which determines how shapes that share the transform are hit-tested. For example, the information included in the hit-test property determines what parts of a shape are hit-tested and how close a mouse click must be to qualify as a hit. You can manipulate the hit-test parameters using the GXGetTransformHitTest and GXSetTransformHitTest functions, which are described in the “Transform Objects” chapter of Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects.
The functions that actually perform hit-testing are GXHitTestShape, GXHitTestPicture, and GXHitTestLayout.
The function in Listing 6-5 creates a layout shape and then uses the GXHitTestLayout function to determine which character of the layout corresponds to the location where the user clicked the mouse. It uses the information, and the GXGetLayoutCaret function, to draw a caret at the appropriate point in the layout.
Listing 6-5 The HitTestLayoutCaret function
void HitTestLayoutCaret(theHitPoint)
gxPoint theHitPoint;
{
gxLayoutHitInfo theLayoutHitInfo;
gxByteOffset theCharacterOffset;
static gxBoolean caretWasDrawn;
/*
The caret has been drawn before. Therefore we erase
the"old" caret before we draw the new one.
*/
if (caretWasDrawn) {
SetShapeCommonTransfer(gLayoutCaret, gxCopyMode);
GXDrawShape(gLayoutCaret);
GXDisposeShape(gLayoutCaret);
}
theLayoutHitInfo.hitTrackingArea = nil;
/* Otherwise, QuickDraw GX would try to use a garbage shape. */
This call will cause the layout and the caret to be redrawn.
This prevents streaks from appearing in our layout gxShape.
*/
InvalidWindowRect ();
caretWasDrawn = true;
}
The GXHitTestLayout function returns the character offset corresponding to the location of the mouse click, which the GXGetLayoutCaret function uses to create and position a caret shape.
To reference the caret shape, the sample function introduces a new global variable, gLayoutCaret, which is declared in the QD GX Overview Draw.c file and handle similarly to the other global shapes in the DoInitialize, DoDraw, and DoDispose functions.
Figure 6-5 shows the result of this function after the user clicks the mouse between the Q and the u of the word QuickDraw.
Figure 6-5 A layout with a caret
For more information about hit-testing and hit-testing parameters, see the chapters “Shape Objects” and “Transform Objects” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects. For information specific to hit-testing picture shapes, see the chapter “Picture Shapes” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics. For information specific to hit-testing layout shapes, see the chapter “Layout Shapes” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Typography.
Listing 7-0
Table 7-0
Printing
Contents
Preparing to Print7-3
Setting Up a Document7-4
Printing One Copy7-5
Displaying the Print Dialog Box7-7
Printing
This chapter introduces some key concepts of the QuickDraw GX printing architecture. In particular, it shows how to display the Document Setup dialog box and the Print dialog box, and it shows one approach to printing your QuickDraw GX shapes.
For a complete discussion of the QuickDraw GX printing architecture, see Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Printing. You might also want to read Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Printing Extensions and Drivers for information about creating your own printing extensions and printer drivers.
IMPORTANT
You should create a desktop printer with the Chooser before including the functions from this chapter in your sample application. See Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Printing for details.s
Preparing to Print
Before your application can print, you must call the EnterPrinting function. Typically, you call this function immediately after calling the GXEnterGraphics function. Similarly, you should call the GXExitPrinting function before calling the GXExitGraphics function.
The QuickDraw GX printing architecture provides the job object to contain printing-related information. Each job object is tied to a single driver/printer pair and maintains this association until the user changes it through the Print dialog box, which is described later in this chapter. Before your application can print, it must create a new job object, and when through with all printing for a given document, it should dispose of the job object. The shell program of the sample application calls the CreateNewPrintJob function at application startup time and the DisposePrintJob function before the application quits. These functions, shown in Listing 7-1 and Listing 7-2, are included in the QD GX Overview Draw.c file.
Listing 7-1 The CreateNewPrintJob function
void CreateNewPrintJob ()
{
OSErr printError;
printError = GXNewJob(&gDocumentJob);
if (printError != noErr)
DebugStr("\p Error in GXNewJob");
}
This sample function simply calls the GXNewJob funtion to create a new job object, which is referenced by the global variable gDocumentJob:
gxJob gDocumentJob;
Note that in your application you should provide more error handling than provided by this sample function.
Listing 7-2 The DisposePrintJob function
void DisposePrintJob ()
{
OSErr printError;
printError = GXDisposeJob(gDocumentJob);
if (printError != noErr) DebugStr("\p Blam! GXDisposeJob");
}
This function calls the GXDisposeJob function to dispose of the gDocumentJob object.
Setting Up a Document
In the QuickDraw GX printing architecture, the Page Setup dialog box is replaced by the Document Setup dialog box, which is shown in Figure 7-1.
Figure 7-1 The Document Setup dialog box
When the user of the sample application chooses the Document Setup menu item from the File menu, the shell program calls the DoDocumentSetUp function, which is shown in Listing 7-3. This sample function displays the Document Setup dialog box by calling the JobFormatDialog function.
Listing 7-3 The DoDocumentSetUp function
OSErr DoDocumentSetUp ()
{
OSErr printError;
gxDialogResult result;
gxEditMenuRecord editMenuRecord;
printError = noErr;
SetUpEditMenuRec(&editMenuRecord);
result = JobFormatDialog(gDocumentJob, &editMenuRecord);
if (GXGetJobError(gDocumentJob) != noErr)
DebugStr("\p Error in JobFormatDialog");
return printError;
}
For more information about jobs, documents, and the Document Setup dialog box, see the chapters “Introduction to Printing With QuickDraw GX” and “Core Printing Features” in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Printing.
Printing One Copy
QuickDraw GX provides two methods for printing. The sample function in Listing 7-4 demonstrates one of these methods: collecting all the shapes on a page into a picture, and then printing the picture with the GXPrintPage function. (The other method consists basically of setting up to print a page and then calling GXDrawShape in turn for each shape on the page.)
Before you begin printing with the GXPrintPage function, you should call the GXStartJob function; when you are finished printing, you should call the GXFinishJob function.
This function creates an empty picture shape and adds to it the shape referenced by the gShape global variable. Then it determines the title of the sample application window and sends it to the GXStartJob function, which causes the GXStartJob function to name the print job after the window. (QuickDraw GX uses the job name when displaying status dialog boxes.)
The sample function then prints the page using the GXPrintPage function and finishes printing by calling the GXFinishJob function.
Displaying the Print Dialog Box
The previous section showed you how to print one copy of the shape displayed by the sample application. In this section, you’ll learn how to display the Print dialog box before printing.
Figure 7-2 shows the Print dialog box.
Figure 7-2 The Print dialog box
The sample function in Listing 7-5 displays the Print dialog box by calling the GXJobPrintDialog function. If the user selects the Print button from the dialog box, this function then calls the DoPrintOneCopy sample funtion from the previous section to print the current shape.
Listing 7-5 The DoPrintShape function
OSErr DoPrintShape(window)
WindowPtr window;
{
OSErr printError;
gxDialogResult result;
gxEditMenuRecord editMenuRecord;
printError = noErr;
SetUpEditMenuRec(&editMenuRecord);
if (window) {
if (GXJobPrintDialog(gDocumentJob,
&editMenuRecord) == gxOkSelected) {
printError = GXGetJobError(gDocumentJob);
if (!(printError))
printError = DoPrintOneCopy(window);
}
}
return printError;
}
For more information about the Print dialog box or printing in general, see Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Printing.
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Figure 4-5 ° d ONLN d£ › Í Ë )NA 0 ° d ONLN d§ › Ë1 ) patterned curve ê ° d ONLN d∂ ›C ËU )S4-12 ° d ONLN dª È ú Ù » ( Ò ú Listing 4-6 ° d ONLN d« È Í Ù ¸ )NThe Å ° d ONLN dÀ È ¸ Ù" )ChangeT U ° d ONLN d“ È" Ùe )&extSizeAndFont R ° d ONLN d‡ Èf Ùà )D function T ° d ONLN dÎ Èö Ù¨ )44-13 ° d ONLN d ı ú Δ ( ˝ ú
Figure 4-6 ° d ONLN d˚ ı Í )N
Enlarged text Ñ ° d ONLN d
ı1 C )G4-13 ° d ONLN d ú » ( ú Listing 4-7 ° d ONLN d Í ¸ )NThe Å ° d ONLN d ¸ " )ChangeT U ° d ONLN d&" D )&extStyle ÷† ° d ONLN d.D f )" function Ÿê ° d ONLN d9x ä )44-14 ° d ONLN d>
ú Δ ( ú
Figure 4-7 ° d ONLN dI
Í_ )N Italic, extended, enlarged text @ ° d ONLN dj
rÑ )à4-14 ° d ONLN do ú$ » (! ú Listing 4-8 ° d ONLN d{ Í$ ¸ )NThe Å ° d ONLN d ¸$\ )PenGeometryPathPlay ° d ONLN dí]$ )a function ‡ ° d ONLN dùë$£ )44-15 ° d ONLN d¢% ú0 Δ (- ú
Figure 4-8 ° d ONLN d≠% Í0à )N(Path with pen inset, centerd, and outset ç¿ ° d ONLN d◊%ö0¨ )∞4-16 ° d ONLN d‹1 ú< » (9 ú Listing 4-9 ° d ONLN dË1 Í< ¸ )NThe ,0 ° d ONLN dÏ1 ¸<h )AddThickBorderInPicture )‡ ° d ONLN d1i<ã )m function ,– ° d ONLN d1ù<Ø )44-17 ° d ONLN d= úH Δ (E ú
Figure 4-9 ° d ONLN d = ÍH )NA 0 ° d ONLN d = HV ) house with a thick border áP ° d ONLN d;=hHz )x4-18
l *r¯ 4m *r¯ n ún¯
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° d ONLN dJa úl Î )r
Programming W ı¿ ° d ONLN dWa Îl
)Oith Inks
Œ¿ ° d ONLN daa l- )55-1 ° d ONLN dfu úÄ » (} ú Listing 5-1 ° d ONLN dru ÍÄ ¸ )NThe Å ° d ONLN dvu ¸ÄK )CreateABlueCurve ° d ONLN dÜuLÄn )P function ‡ ° d ONLN dëuÄÄç )45-3 ° d ONLN dïÅ úå Δ (â ú
Figure 5-1 ° d ONLN d†Å Íå )NA 0 ° d ONLN d°Å å ) blue curve Ä ° d ONLN dÆÅ.å; )>5-4 ° d ONLN d≤ç úò » (ï ú Listing 5-2 ° d ONLN dæç Íò ¸ )NThe Å ° d ONLN d¬ç ¸ò[ )CreateABlendedCurve Ä ° d ONLN d’ç\ò~ )` function p ° d ONLN d‡çêòù )45-4 ° d ONLN d‰ô ú§ Δ (° ú
Figure 5-2 ° d ONLN dÔô ͧ( )NBlended curves Ñê ° d ONLN dˇô:§G )P5-6 ° d ONLN d• ú∞ » (≠ ú Listing 5-3 ° d ONLN d• Í∞ ¸ )NThe ,0 ° d ONLN d• ¸∞ )AddInkT Ä ° d ONLN d• ∞_ )#oDoorInPicture } ° d ONLN d(•`∞Ç )A function Ä ° d ONLN d3•î∞° )45-6 ° d ONLN d7± úº Δ (π ú
Figure 5-3 ° d ONLN dB± ͺ )NA 0 ° d ONLN dC± ºa ) house with a turquoise door ¿ ° d ONLN da±sºÄ )É5-7
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° d ONLN do’ ú‡ Î )r
Programming W ı¿ ° d ONLN d|’ · ˘ )Oith p ° d ONLN dÄ’ ˙‡ )T ¿` ° d ONLN dÅ’ ‡0 ) ransforms
¶` ° d ONLN då’C‡P )C6-1 ° d ONLN dëÈ úÙ » (Ò ú Listing 6-1 ° d ONLN dùÈ ÍÙ ¸ )NThe Å ° d ONLN d°È ¸Ù& ) ClipCurve p ° d ONLN d™È'ÙI )+ function ` ° d ONLN dµÈ[Ùh )46-3 ° d ONLN dπı ú Δ (˝ ú
Figure 6-1 ° d ONLN dƒı Í )NA 0 ° d ONLN d≈ı ' ) clipped curve ц ° d ONLN d’ı9 F )I6-5 ° d ONLN dŸ ú » ( ú Listing 6-2 ° d ONLN dÂ Í ¸ )NThe Å ° d ONLN dÈ ¸ 1 ) RotateCurve ˇ0 ° d ONLN dÙ1 S )5 function ° d ONLN dˇf s )56-6 ° d ONLN d
ú Δ ( ú
Figure 6-2 ° d ONLN d
Í )NA 0 ° d ONLN d
' ) rotated curve ° d ONLN d
9F )I6-7 ° d ONLN d# ú$ » (! ú Listing 6-3 ° d ONLN d/ Í$ ¸ )NThe Å ° d ONLN d3 ¸$ )SkewT Xê ° d ONLN d8$% ) ext X‡ ° d ONLN d;%$G )
function [– ° d ONLN dFY$f )46-7 ° d ONLN dJ% ú0 Δ (- ú
Figure 6-3 ° d ONLN dU% Í0 )N Skewed text É∞ ° d ONLN db%-0: )C6-8 ° d ONLN df1 ú< » (9 ú Listing 6-4 ° d ONLN dr1 Í< ¸ )NThe ,0 ° d ONLN dv1 ¸<( )AddNewW î‡ ° d ONLN d}1(<G ),indowT h0 ° d ONLN dÉ1G<k ) oPicture h0 ° d ONLN dã1k<ç )$ function k ° d ONLN dñ1ü<¨ )46-8 ° d ONLN dö= úH Δ (E ú
Figure 6-4 ° d ONLN d•= ÍH )NA 0 ° d ONLN d¶= HS ) house with two windows ° d ONLN dø=eHr )u6-9 ° d ONLN d√I úT » (Q ú Listing 6-5 ° d ONLN dœI ÍT ¸ )NThe Å ° d ONLN d”I ¸T
)HitT T0 ° d ONLN d◊I
TN )estLayoutCaret “† ° d ONLN dÂINTp )A function ’ê ° d ONLN dIÇTî )46-10 ° d ONLN dıU ú` Δ (] ú
Figure 6-5 ° d ONLN d U Í` )NA 0 ° d ONLN dU `; ) layout with a caret ` ° d ONLN dUM`Z )]6-1 [@ ° d ONLN dUY`^ ) 1
Ñ *ä¯ 4Ö *ä¯ Ü úܯ
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° d ONLN d&y úÑ ¡ )rPrinting
à ° d ONLN d0y ”Ñ ‡ )77-1 ° d ONLN d5ç úò » (ï ú Listing 7-1 ° d ONLN dAç Íò ¸ )NThe Å ° d ONLN dEç ¸òN )CreateNewPrintJob Äp ° d ONLN dVçOòq )S function É` ° d ONLN daçÉòê )47-3 ° d ONLN deô ú§ » (° ú Listing 7-2 ° d ONLN dqô ͧ ¸ )NThe Å ° d ONLN duô ¸§C )DisposePrintJob P ° d ONLN dÑôD§f )H function @ ° d ONLN dèôx§Ö )47-4 ° d ONLN dì• ú∞ Δ (≠ ú
Figure 7-1 ° d ONLN dû• Í∞j )N The Document Setup dialog box ∞ ° d ONLN dΩ•}∞ä )ì7-4 ° d ONLN d¡± úº » (π ú Listing 7-3 ° d ONLN dÕ± ͺ ¸ )NThe Å ° d ONLN d—± ¸ºM )DoDocumentSetUp |ê ° d ONLN d‡±Nºp )R function Ä ° d ONLN dαǺè )47-5 ˇ& @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
° d ONLN d \ ∫ g Ê ( d ∫ Listing 7-4 ° d ONLN d \ g )NThe Å ° d ONLN d \ gb )DoPrintOneCopy ˛ ° d ONLN d \b gÑ )H function ° d ONLN d ) \ó g§ )57-6 ° d ONLN d - h ∫ s ‰ ( p ∫
Figure 7-2 ° d ONLN d 8 h sX )NThe Print dialog box Ñê ° d ONLN d N hj sw )b7-7 ° d ONLN d R t ∫ Ê ( | ∫ Listing 7-5 ° d ONLN d ^ t )NThe Å ° d ONLN d b t U ) DoPrintShape ˇ ° d ONLN d n tU w ); function ‡ ° d ONLN d y tä ó )57-8 ˇ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
ˇˇ∫Î ˇ◊ ( q H1 ° d ONLN d [ ∫ x ” )rFr )& ° d ONLN d [ ” x¨ )om QuickDraw to
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° d ONLN d (X ∫d ¡ *”A ∫† ° d ONLN d )X ¡d> ) Brief History of QuickDraw @ ° d ONLN d FXSd` )í1-3 ° d ONLN d Je ∫q Ó (n ∫ Graphics Pr ÀÄ ° d ONLN d Ue Óq? )4ogramming Issues ‡ ° d ONLN d geTqa )f1-4 ° d ONLN d kr ∫~ ¯ ({ ∫ What to Draw RÄ ° d ONLN d yr
~ )S1-5 ° d ONLN d } ƒã (à ƒQuickDraw Shapes ÎÄ ° d ONLN d è-ã: )i1-5 ° d ONLN d ìå ƒò* (ï ƒQuickDraw GX Shapes ∏ ° d ONLN d ®å>òK )z1-6 ° d ONLN d ¨ô ∫• ˆ (¢ ∫ How to Draw \† ° d ONLN d πô • )Q1-9 ° d ONLN d Ω¶ ƒ≤ ¸ (Ø ƒ
Style Objects 6¿ ° d ONLN d ö≤# )M1-10 ° d ONLN d —≥ ƒø( (º ƒInk Objects and Colors 9† ° d ONLN d È≥=øO )y1-12 ° d ONLN d Ó¿ ∫à “ (… ∫Wher ‡ ° d ONLN d Ú¿ “à ˝ ) e to Draw h` ° d ONLN d ˝¿Ã$ )@1-13 ° d ONLN dÕ ƒŸ (÷ ƒT ∫¿ ° d ONLN dÕ …Ÿ ı ) ransforms à¿ ° d ONLN dÕ
Ÿ )A1-14 ° d ONLN d⁄ ∫Ê Á („ ∫ How to Pr $` ° d ONLN d ⁄ ËÊ
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O THE READER:
° d ONLN d i ä uà ( r ä9This book has not been substantially updated since the pr f ° d ONLN d X ià uΩ )˛ evious seed ° d ONLN d d u ä Å ç ( ~ är E ° d ONLN d e u é Å )#elease, in May 1993. Parts of it ar : ° d ONLN d à u Ŭ )ê$e out of date and some code samples ° d ONLN d ¨ Å ä ç í ( ä äar E ° d ONLN d Æ Å ì ç ¥ ) e incorr ¿ ° d ONLN d ∂ Å ¥ çì )!1ect or demonstrate suboptimal coding techniques. ç ° d ONLN d Á Åì çö )flA «¿ ° d ONLN d Ë Åö ç∏ ) major ° d ONLN d Ô ç ä ô ç ( ñ är E ° d ONLN d ç é ôà )7evision and expansion of this document is planned befor \¿ ° d ONLN d' çà ô¢ )˙e its fi ö‡ ° d ONLN d/ ç¢ ô≤ )nal ° d ONLN d3 ô ä • ç ( ¢ är E ° d ONLN d4 ô é • ´ )elease. ,
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G@ ° d ONLN d< ú ∞ § ∂ )"u
° d ONLN d> ™ ä ∂b ( ≥ ä-QuickDraw GX is the new imaging technology fr –‡ ° d ONLN dk ™b ∂r )ÿom < ° d ONLN dn ™s ∂æ )Apple Computer ‰Ä ° d ONLN d| ™Ω ∂Ò )J. It is not a r ˘ ° d ONLN dã ™Ò ∂ )4evision ° d ONLN dì ∑ ä √ … ( ¿ ä of QuickDraw ∞ ° d ONLN dü ∑ » √2 )>, but rather a complete r dž ° d ONLN d∏ ∑2 √‘ )j$edesign of the Macintosh graphics ar Û† ° d ONLN d‹ ∑‘ √˙ )¢ chitectur ®` ° d ONLN d ∑˚ √ )'e. ° d ONLN dË … ä ’  ( “ äThis chapter compar Z¿ ° d ONLN d˚ …  ’v )[ es QuickDraw GX to QuickDraw ° d ONLN d …v ’î )ë. The fi f† ° d ONLN d …î ’≈ )
rst section, A ° d ONLN d, …Δ ’“ )2“A {¿ ° d ONLN d. …“ ’ ) Brief History ° d ONLN d= ÷ ä ‚ … ( fl ä of QuickDraw ∞ ° d ONLN dI ÷ » ‚ œ )>,” 0 ° d ONLN dK ÷ – ‚
)D discusses how the design goals of QuickDraw have changed with each ° d ONLN dè „ ä Ô Ø ( Ï ä version. ° d ONLN dô ı ä ‚ *The second section, ˝¿ ° d ONLN d≠ ı ‚ )X “Graphics Pr I@ ° d ONLN dπ ı ö ):ogramming Issues” on page π` ° d ONLN d” ıöß )~1-4
@ ° d ONLN d÷ ı®º ), intr Œ` ° d ONLN d‹ ıº )oduces the basic ° d ONLN dÌ ä “ ( ächallenges inher \‡ ° d ONLN d˝ “ )Hent in graphics pr & ° d ONLN d ¢ )Nogramming. The QuickDraw õÄ ° d ONLN d(¢« )ÇGX appr 1` ° d ONLN d/»
)&oach to solving ° d ONLN d? ä ≠ ( äthese pr ´ ° d ONLN dG ≠ ˙ )#oblems is compar Ä ° d ONLN dW ˚o )Ned to the QuickDraw appr ' ° d ONLN doo« )toach in the sections ö¿ ° d ONLN dÑ« )X“What to Draw” ° d ONLN dì ä( Ø (% äon page !¿ ° d ONLN dõ ∞( Ω )&1-5 u† ° d ONLN dû Ω( ¬ )
, u† ° d ONLN d† ¬(0 )“How to Draw” on page t ° d ONLN d∂ 1(> )o1-9 «‡ ° d ONLN dπ >(V )
, and 5 ° d ONLN dø W(t )“Wher ï ° d ONLN dƒ t(à ) e to Draw” on page ? ° d ONLN d◊ Õ(fl )Y1-13 ì ° d ONLN d€ fl(‰ ). ° d ONLN dfi. ä: £ (7 äThe fi »Ä ° d ONLN d‰. £: )nal section in this chapter ‚† ° d ONLN dˇ.: )p, ‚† ° d ONLN d.:J )
“How to Pr á ° d ONLN d .K:û )3ogram It” on page î‡ ° d ONLN d .û:∞ )S1-16 Ë¿ ° d ONLN d!.∞:Î ), outlines the ° d ONLN d0; äG ì (D äpr G ° d ONLN d2; îGw )
e extensions ° d ONLN d¬, ä8Q (5 ä,of the original QuickDraw—that is, they shar µÄ ° d ONLN dÓ,Q8ä )«e the basic ar æ¿ ° d ONLN d¸,ä8∞ )9 chitectur sÄ ° d ONLN d,±8¯ )'e of the original ° d ONLN d9 äE Ω (B ä QuickDraw f† ° d ONLN d 9 ΩED )3 , each adding new capabilities. ° d ONLN d@K äW% (T ä Color QuickDraw in System 7 unifi !‡ ° d ONLN daK&WM )ú ed the pr ´¿ ° d ONLN djKMW± )'evious versions and pr ˝† ° d ONLN dÄK±WÏ )d ovided some ° d ONLN dåX äd∫ (a äEadditional capabilites, but it was based on the original QuickDraw ar ÏÄ ° d ONLN d—X∫d‡ (a∫ chitectur °@ ° d ONLN d⁄X·d )'
e as well. ° d ONLN dÂj äv î (s äW Û` ° d ONLN dÊj ìv Î ) ith QuickDraw GX, Ø` ° d ONLN d¯j Îv )X Apple is pr ` ° d ONLN d j vc )2oviding an entir fi@ ° d ONLN d jcvπ )Fely new graphics ar A@ ° d ONLN d &j∫v‡ )W chitectur ˆ ° d ONLN d /j‡v )&e—and a ° d ONLN d 7w äÉ ì (Ä ägr ‘ ° d ONLN d 9w ìÉú ) :eat number of new graphics capabilities. QuickDraw GX is r c‡ ° d ONLN d swùÉÙ (Äùelated to the earlier ° d ONLN d âÑ äêd (ç ä1versions of QuickDraw not in the design of the ar û ° d ONLN d ∫Ñdêä )⁄ chitectur R‡ ° d ONLN d √ÑãêÔ )'e, but rather in overall ° d ONLN d ‹ë äù (ö äSobjective. QuickDraw GX has design goals similar to the design goals for QuickDraw:
° d ONLN d
0ß äÆ è *n
° d ONLN d
2§ ñ∞ ´ ) to pr ° d ONLN d
7§ ´∞¸ )Novide the sophisticated graphics capabilites necessary for the graphical user ° d ONLN d
Ö∞ ñº (π ñinterface of the Macintosh ˇ| @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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° d ONLN d \ x h ç ) to pr ° d ONLN d \ ç hh )1oduce these sophisticated graphics quickly and ef j¿ ° d ONLN d 8 \h hn )€fi wÄ ° d ONLN d : \n hã )ciently ° d ONLN d B m l y@ ( v l-In addition, the QuickDraw GX design has addr ≥ ° d ONLN d o m@ y£ )‘essed some new goals:
° d ONLN d Ö É l ä q ( â ln
° d ONLN d á Ä x å ç ) to pr ° d ONLN d å Ä ç å ª ) ovide a lar ‡ ° d ONLN d ó Ä º åE )/!ger set of basic graphics objects
° d ONLN d π ï l ú q ( õ ln
° d ONLN d ª í x û ç ) to pr ° d ONLN d ¿ í ç û Ë )ovide a consistent pr ˇ ° d ONLN d ’ í Ë ûä )[$ogramming interface to those objects
° d ONLN d ˙ ß l Æ q ( ≠ ln
° d ONLN d ¸ § x ∞ ç ) to pr ° d ONLN d § ç ∞) )!ovide device-independent graphics
° d ONLN d# π l ¿ q ( ø ln
° d ONLN d% ∂ x ¬ ç ) to pr ° d ONLN d* ∂ ç ¬ – )ovide useful pr Ä¿ ° d ONLN d9 ∂ – ¬ı )C?ogramming tools for application developers—tools for debugging ° d ONLN dx ¬ x Œ ò ( À xand err n` ° d ONLN d ¬ ò Œ ) or handling, for example
° d ONLN dò ◊ l fi q ( › ln
° d ONLN dö ‘ x ‡ ç ) to pr ° d ONLN dü ‘ ç ‡ ≥ ) ovide a r G ° d ONLN d® ‘ ¥ ‡ Ì )' untime envir V† ° d ONLN d¥ ‘ Ì ‡· )96onment that supports fast graphics with many types of ° d ONLN dÍ ‡ x Ï æ ( È xgraphics objects
° d ONLN d˚ ı l ¸ q ( ˚ ln
° d ONLN d˝ Ú x ˛ ç ) to pr ° d ONLN d Ú ç ˛` )2ovide consistent printing for all graphics objects ° d ONLN d5 l í ( lSo, wher Ï@ ° d ONLN d= í* )&"e earlier versions of QuickDraw of ¡† ° d ONLN d_*Ï )ò,fer one set of solutions to common graphics ° d ONLN dã l u ( lpr G ° d ONLN dç v )
!ogramming issues, QuickDraw GX of Ÿ` ° d ONLN dÆ O )• fers another ° d ONLN d∫P l )5. The r ¿ ° d ONLN d¡l Ë ) est of this chapter discusses ° d ONLN dfl l) · (& lthese common graphics pr j† ° d ONLN d˜ ·)i )uogramming issues and compar ∞‡ ° d ONLN d i)à )àes the QuickDraw GX ° d ONLN d&* l6 Ä (3 lappr I@ ° d ONLN d** Å6 ˇ )oach to the QuickDraw appr 0Ä ° d ONLN dD* ˇ6 )~oach.
° d ONLN dhy lÖ ¡ (Ç lAny graphics envir Å@ ° d ONLN dzy ¡Ö )Uonment must pr õ ° d ONLN dàyÖ¡ )G)ovide a mechanism for you, as a graphics ° d ONLN d±Ü lí u (è lpr G ° d ONLN d≥Ü ví § )
ogrammer Â@ ° d ONLN dªÜ £í ‚ )-, to specify thr ∫@ ° d ONLN dÀÜ ‚í )?
ee things:
° d ONLN d÷ú l£ q (¢ ln
° d ONLN dÿô x• µ ) What to draw :‡ ° d ONLN d‰ô µ• ∑ )=. ∫‡ ° d ONLN dÂô ∑• π )
@ ° d ONLN dÊô ∫• ¿ )Y Õ¿ ° d ONLN dÁô ø•# )ou must be able to defi Y¿ ° d ONLN d˛ô$•Ä )ene the object to draw ‘Ä ° d ONLN dô•‚ )[, which might include ° d ONLN d)• x± æ (Æ xspecifying contr K¿ ° d ONLN d9• ø±Ô )GHol points (like the beginning and end of a line), specifying characters ° d ONLN dű xΩ∏ (∫ xG(when drawing text), or specifying bit patterns (when drawing bitmaps).
° d ONLN d…Δ lÕ q (Ã ln
° d ONLN dÀ√ xœ ø ) How to draw it. î‡ ° d ONLN d⁄√ øœ ¡ )G ∂Ä ° d ONLN d€√ ¡œ » )A Ò ° d ONLN d‹√ »œ ˜ ) full-featur ¿ ° d ONLN dË√ ¯œD )0ed graphics envir €† ° d ONLN d˘√DœÊ )L#onment should allow you to apply a ° d ONLN d œ x€Ê (ÿ xTnumber of stylistic and other variations to your graphics objects. For example, you ° d ONLN dp€ xÁH * /might want to specify how thick an object’s bor GÄ ° d ONLN dü€IÁÌ )—$der should be, what pattern should fi õ ° d ONLN dƒ€ÌÁı )§ll ° d ONLN d«Á xÛ9 ( x-an object, or what color an object should be.
° d ONLN dı¸ l q ( ln
° d ONLN d˜˘ x Δ ) Where to draw it. ]` ° d ONLN d˘ « … )O Ø¿ ° d ONLN d ˘ … œ )Y p@ ° d ONLN d
˘ œL ) ou also need to specify wher ;` ° d ONLN d&˘MÒ )~$e the graphic should be drawn: what ° d ONLN dJ x õ ( x spatial r @ ° d ONLN dS úÔ )$Nelation it should have to other graphics objects and on what device it should ° d ONLN d° x Æ ( x
actually be r ؇ ° d ONLN dÆ Æ « )6ender ı@ ° d ONLN d≥ « ‘ )ed. ° d ONLN d∑" l. Ä (+ lTher ¿ ° d ONLN dª" Å. )#e’s a fourth concern of full-featur OÄ ° d ONLN dfi".^ )ëed graphics envir ` ° d ONLN dÔ"_.® )Monments as well:
° d ONLN d 8 l? q (> ln
° d ONLN d5 xA Œ ) How to program it. &Ä ° d ONLN d5 œA — )W H ° d ONLN d5 —A ÿ )A Ç¿ ° d ONLN d5 ÿA ) graphics envir \@ ° d ONLN d%5Ao )Bonment needs to pr ‡ ° d ONLN d75pAï )Vovide pr AÄ ° d ONLN d?5ïA„ )%ogramming tools ° d ONLN dOA xMS (J x/(such as debugging tools) and development and r ∏ ° d ONLN d~ASMå )€ untime envir «Ä ° d ONLN däAåMÌ )9onments that support ° d ONLN düM xY ∫ (V xthe graphics pr ` ° d ONLN dÆM ªY ˚ )C ogramming pr >† ° d ONLN d∫M ˚Y )@ocess. ° d ONLN d¡^ lj ° (g l The next thr Ä ° d ONLN dÕ^ ¢j )6ee sections discuss the thr ª‡ ° d ONLN dË^j )q+ee drawing issues and how the QuickDraw GX ° d ONLN dk lw Ä (t lappr I@ ° d ONLN dk Åw § )oach dif ™¿ ° d ONLN d k §w æ )#fers fr ê¿ ° d ONLN d&k æwO ) om the original QuickDraw appr ‘@ ° d ONLN dDkOwí )ëoach, and the fi b† ° d ONLN dTkìw‚ )Dnal section in this ° d ONLN dhx lÑ ’ (Å lchapter discusses the pr ° d ONLN dÄx ÷Ñπ )j-ogramming support included with QuickDraw GX. ˇ¢ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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outines. T M‡ ° d ONLN d•oO{ )++o draw a line, for example, you could call ° d ONLN d–| äà À (Ö äthe following r —‡ ° d ONLN dfl| Àà Ì )Aoutines: ,
Courier . ° d ONLN dËì äü fi (ú äMoveTo(10,10); ° d ONLN d˜° ä≠ fi *LineTo(20,20); . ° d ONLN dπ ä≈ fi *Notice that the defi N† ° d ONLN dπ fl≈o )U%nition of the line is not distinct fr √‡ ° d ONLN d?πo≈ )ê!om the drawing of line: the same ° d ONLN d`Δ ä“ Δ (œ ä
code that defi ì` ° d ONLN dnΔ Δ“5 )<nes the line also draws it. ° d ONLN däÿ ä‰ ù (· äThe ª¿ ° d ONLN déÿ ù‰ )rectangle-based shapes ı‡ ° d ONLN d§ÿ‰ )i (r é¿ ° d ONLN dßÿ‰A )
Then you fi %† ° d ONLN dª/ Ω; „ )3nish defi _‡ ° d ONLN dƒ/ „;§ )&+ning the shape as you draw it. For example, . ° d ONLN dF äR ˆ (O äFrameRect(&aRect); ° d ONLN d^ äj ∞ * uses the ° d ONLN d ^ ∞j Œ )&aRect ° d ONLN d^ Œj ‹ ) str l ° d ONLN d^ ‹j Ú )uctur >` ° d ONLN d^ ÚjM )e to draw a framed r ¿ ° d ONLN d.^Mjê )[ectangle, wher „ ° d ONLN d<^èjû )Beas ° d ONLN d@u äÅ (~ äFillOval(&aRect); . ° d ONLN dRç äô Í *uses the same data str >‡ ° d ONLN dhç Îô )auctur ƒ¿ ° d ONLN dmçô; )
e to draw a fi ∏` ° d ONLN d{ç<ôd ):
lled oval. ° d ONLN dÜü ä´ ù (® äThe ª¿ ° d ONLN däü ù´ ¸ )handle-based shapes ˆÄ ° d ONLN dùü ¸´Ü )_ (which include polygons and r œ‡ ° d ONLN dªüÜ´¨ )ä egions) r -¿ ° d ONLN dƒü≠´ƒ )'equir E ° d ONLN d…üƒ´Û ) e the most ° d ONLN d‘¨ ä∏ ö (µ ädefi r ° d ONLN dÿ¨ õ∏ ¿ ) nition. T ”@ ° d ONLN d·¨ ø∏ Ï )$
o draw a r Û ° d ONLN dΨ Ï∏í )-$egion shape, for example, you must fi ˛† ° d ONLN d¨í∏ )¶rst allocate a new r Í ° d ONLN d$¨Â∏ )Segion, ˇ⁄ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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° d ONLN d \ l h ì ( e lthen defi †‡ ° d ONLN d \ ì h È )'ne the parts of the r y ° d ONLN d \ È h )V egion, and fi { ° d ONLN d + \ hf )7nally draw the r 4 ° d ONLN d ; \g h§ )Gegion with a r T ° d ONLN d I \§ h )=outine such as ,
FillRgn ° d ONLN d k i ” u ÷ )*. . ° d ONLN d m { l á ( Ñ lThe QuickDraw appr ÷† ° d ONLN d { áó )^-oach to describing and drawing shapes has thr ù` ° d ONLN d ¨ {ò á” )Œ
ee important ° d ONLN d π à l î ù ( ë l limitations: ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN d Δ û l • q *n
° d ONLN d » õ x ß ∏ ) It is not a unifi ù ° d ONLN d Ÿ õ ∏ ß> )@ ed model: each type of shape r *¿ ° d ONLN d ˜ õ? ßV )áequir B ° d ONLN d ¸ õV ßu )es a dif s ° d ONLN d õu ßÅ ) fer UÄ ° d ONLN d õÅ ß¡ ) ent method of ° d ONLN d ß x ≥ Å ( ∞ xpr G ° d ONLN d ß Ç ≥ ∏ )
ogramming.
° d ONLN d" º l √ q ( ¬ ln
° d ONLN d$ π x ≈ ≠ )
It allows dir ƒ@ ° d ONLN d1 π ≠ ≈! )5ect access to many data str ç ° d ONLN dL π" ≈9 )uuctur ° d ONLN dQ π: ≈o ) es, which pr ≥ ° d ONLN d] πo ≈ø )5events the data str V‡ ° d ONLN dp π¿ ≈◊ )Quctur ‹¿ ° d ONLN du π◊ ≈‚ )es ° d ONLN dx ≈ x — ( Œ xfr ò‡ ° d ONLN dz ≈ — ì )om r '` ° d ONLN d~ ≈ î — ) esiding on an accelerator car ¡¿ ° d ONLN dõ ≈ — )}d.
° d ONLN dû ⁄ l · q ( ‡ ln
° d ONLN d† ◊ x „ Ö ) It r e‡ ° d ONLN d§ ◊ Ö „ ® )
° d ONLN d> lJ ¿ (G lUnlike QuickDraw ®¿ ° d ONLN d#> øJQ )S , QuickDraw GX separates the pr ؇ ° d ONLN dB>QJÜ )í ocess of defi î¿ ° d ONLN dO>áJ» )6ning a shape fr " ° d ONLN d^>…JÍ )Bom the ° d ONLN deK lW u (T lpr G ° d ONLN dgK vWC )
e lq ¿ (n lmanner that you cr ° d ONLN d e ¿qa )T#eate a polygon and you can draw a r …¿ ° d ONLN d?eaq )° ectangle with the same function ° d ONLN d_r l~ « ({ lthat draws a bitmap. ° d ONLN dtÑ lê ã *The dif Ê ° d ONLN d{Ñ ãê ó ) fer »† ° d ONLN d~Ñ óê# ) ent types of shapes you can defi †@ ° d ONLN dûÑ$ê≤ )ç ne with QuickDraw GX include:
° d ONLN dÏfl xÎ { ) r E ° d ONLN dÌfl |Î § ) ectangles
° d ONLN d˜Ù l˚ q (˙ ln
° d ONLN d˘Ò x˝ ï ) curves
° d ONLN d l
q ( ln
° d ONLN d x ° ) polygons
° d ONLN d l q ( ln
° d ONLN d
x! ê ) paths
° d ONLN d* l1 q (0 ln
° d ONLN d' x3 à ) text
° d ONLN d< lC q (B ln
° d ONLN d 9 xE ñ ) glyphs
° d ONLN d#N lU q (T ln
° d ONLN d%K xW ò ) layouts
° d ONLN d-` lg q (f ln
° d ONLN d/] xi õ ) bitmaps
° d ONLN d7r ly q (x ln
° d ONLN d9o x{ í ) pictur È@ ° d ONLN d?o í{ õ )es ° d ONLN dBÄ lå ¯ (â l Chapter 3 of this document, “Pr Ù@ ° d ONLN daÄ ¯å8 )å ogramming W œ¿ ° d ONLN dlÄ8åˆ )@,ith Shapes,” describes these shape types in ° d ONLN dòç lô ~ (ñ lmor éÄ ° d ONLN dõç ~ô æ )e detail and pr ч ° d ONLN d™ç æôs )@'ovides sample code that shows how to cr ¥† ° d ONLN d—çsô† )µ
eate them. ˇv @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—˚ ˇÆ ( @ ä From QuickDraw to QuickDraw GX 4⁄ ä˙ (‡ ä What to Draw
° d ONLN d \ ä h< ( e ä&In QuickDraw GX, every type of shape r è ° d ONLN d & \< hS )≤equir ¶` ° d ONLN d + \S hv )es a defi ü ° d ONLN d 4 \w h˛ )$ nition and an underlying data ° d ONLN d R i ä u ï ( r ästr fi ° d ONLN d U i ï u ¨ ) uctur c‡ ° d ONLN d Z i ≠ u Ï )
e—in this way Í¿ ° d ONLN d g i Î uk )>, shapes in QuickDraw GX ar û‡ ° d ONLN d Ç il u )Å%e similar to the handle-based shapes ° d ONLN d ß v ä Ç … ( ä of QuickDraw ∞ ° d ONLN d ≥ v » Ç ˆ )> . However <† ° d ONLN d º v ˆ Ç )., ther fl ° d ONLN d ¬ v Ç )e ar ̆ ° d ONLN d Δ v Çz )e many important dif ‡ ° d ONLN d ⁄ v{ Çá )_fer ı` ° d ONLN d › vÜ Ç† ) ences. ° d ONLN d ‰ à ä î æ ( ë ä The data str ˜‡ ° d ONLN d à æ î ’ )4uctur }¿ ° d ONLN d ı à ÷ î ˘ ) es that r üÄ ° d ONLN d ˛ à ˘ î )#epr 0@ ° d ONLN d à îù ) esent shapes in QuickDraw GX ar H` ° d ONLN d àù î )ïe private—that is, your ° d ONLN d8 ï ä ° Î ( û äapplication cannot dir ‡ ° d ONLN dN ï Î °è )a%ectly manipulate the information stor ú† ° d ONLN ds ïê °ˆ )•ed in them. These data ° d ONLN dä ¢ ä Æ ï ( ´ ästr fi ° d ONLN dç ¢ ï Æ ¨ ) uctur c‡ ° d ONLN dí ¢ ≠ Æ ¡ )es ar ØÄ ° d ONLN dó ¢ ¡ Æ ‰ ) e called üÄ ° d ONLN d† ¢ Â Æ )$objects “† ° d ONLN dß ¢ Æ∏ ) ) and the pieces of information in them ar } ° d ONLN d– ¢π Æ‹ )¥ e called m ° d ONLN dŸ ¢› Æ )$ properties. í‡ ° d ONLN d‰ ¢ Æ )1 ° d ONLN dÂ Ø ä ª € ( ∏ äQuickDraw GX pr e` ° d ONLN dÙ Ø € ª¥ )Q2ovides functions that allow your application to cr χ ° d ONLN d& Ø¥ ª )Ÿeate and dispose of ° d ONLN d: º ä »G ( ≈ ä,objects and to change the values of their pr `Ä ° d ONLN df ºG »l )Ω operties. ° d ONLN dp Œ ä ⁄ ( ◊ ä Each QuickDraw GX shape is r @ ° d ONLN då Œ ⁄! )âepr –‡ ° d ONLN dè Œ! ⁄Z )
° d ONLN d‘ Ó ñ ˙ … ) shape type, &Ä ° d ONLN dfl Ó ˙ )4
which specifi Á ° d ONLN dÌ Ó ˙ã )<!es the type of the shape: line, r ô‡ ° d ONLN d Óå ˙˛ )Üectangle, curve, and so on
° d ONLN d) ä
è ( än
° d ONLN d+ ñ ¿ ) geometry ,¿ ° d ONLN d3 ¿ V )*#, which describes the graphical str L† ° d ONLN dV V m )ñuctur “Ä ° d ONLN d[ m Ì ) e of the shape—for example, ° d ONLN dx ñl ( ñ0the geometry of a curve shape contains the contr ñ‡ ° d ONLN d® lπ )÷ol points that defi m¿ ° d ONLN dª ∫ )Nne the curve; the ° d ONLN dÕ ñ$… (! ñFgeometry of a text shape contains the characters that make up the text
° d ONLN d- ä4 è (3 än
° d ONLN d* ñ6 π ) shape fi √Ä ° d ONLN d * π6 ¬ )#ll, Î@ ° d ONLN d!* ¬6 ˛ )
which specifi ´¿ ° d ONLN d/* ˇ6Ø )=&es how the shape should be framed or fi \‡ ° d ONLN dV*∞6¿ )±lled
° d ONLN d[? äF è (E än
° d ONLN d]< ñH ƒ ) attributes, ⁄‡ ° d ONLN dh< ƒH Ì ). which ar Ú@ ° d ONLN dq< ÌH )) e a set of fl € ° d ONLN d~< H” )/)ags that modify the behavior of the shape
° d ONLN d®Q äX è (W än
° d ONLN d™N ñZ — ) owner count, Ì ° d ONLN d∂N —Z… );4 which QuickDraw GX uses to implement object sharing
° d ONLN dâ– ä‹ ÿ *Note that the wor ï` ° d ONLN dö– ÿ‹ ‡ )Nd 1 ° d ONLN dú– ·‹ ˜ ) shape h† ° d ONLN d°– ˜‹* ) has two dif 0@ ° d ONLN d≠–+‹7 )4fer ¿ ° d ONLN d∞–7‹∂ ) ent meanings in QuickDraw p` ° d ONLN d –∂‹… )GX. ° d ONLN dŒ‹ äË Æ ( äThe wor M@ ° d ONLN d’‹ ØË ∑ )%d È ° d ONLN d◊‹ ∑Ë Õ )shape Ä ° d ONLN d‹‹ ŒË Ê ) can r ' ° d ONLN d‚‹ ÊËÇ )%efer to any graphic, such as a blue r † ° d ONLN d‹ÇË» )úectangle drawn ° d ONLN dË äÙ ¥ (Ò ä
on the scr Ä ° d ONLN d Ë µÙ
)+een, but it can also r Ä ° d ONLN d6Ë
Ùª )X*efer to the shape object, which exists in . ° d ONLN d`Ù ä Æ (˝ ämemory d@ ° d ONLN dfÙ ≠ Ó )#, has the type ,
Courier d@ ° d ONLN duÙ Ó )AgxShape d@ ° d ONLN d|Ù î )* , and contains the the six pr 6† ° d ONLN dôÙî ª )| operties . ° d ONLN d¢ ä Ç ( ä7listed above. In QuickDraw GX, every graphic shape is r @ ° d ONLN dŸ É ë )˘epr Ø ° d ONLN d‹ ë ¿ ) esented in ° d ONLN dÁ ä6 ( ä&memory by a shape object, so the term å` ° d ONLN d
6L )¨shape √‡ ° d ONLN d Lò ) is used for both.
fl† ° d ONLN d&ù£ )Qu ˇ]¯ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—˚ ˇÆ ( @ l From QuickDraw to QuickDraw GX 4⁄ *˙¯
° d ONLN d ◊ l„ Ä (‡ lTher ¿ ° d ONLN d !◊ Å„ ë )e ar ` ° d ONLN d %◊ ë„ • )e thr 1¿ ° d ONLN d *◊ •„ )ee main advantages to defi h@ ° d ONLN d D◊„â )vning shapes separately fr ±` ° d ONLN d ]◊â„€ )nom drawing them: ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN d nÌ lÙ q (Û ln
° d ONLN d pÍ xˆ ) A † ° d ONLN d qÍ Äˆ )" consistent programming interface. Ó‡ ° d ONLN d ìÍ ˆ& )û T §† ° d ONLN d ïÍ&ˆŸ )%o draw a shape with QuickDraw GX, no ° d ONLN d ∫ˆ x (ˇ x"matter what the shape type, you cr Ä ° d ONLN d ‹ˆ… )ö-eate a shape object, set the values of its pr P` ° d ONLN d ˆ…Ó )∑ operties ° d ONLN d x å ( xappr I@ ° d ONLN d ç ¥ ) opriately † ° d ONLN d ¥| )'*, and then draw the shape. QuickDraw GX pr °¿ ° d ONLN dI|” )»ovides a number of ° d ONLN d\ x ∏ ( xmethods for cr ‡ ° d ONLN dj ∏y )@.eating shape objects and initializing their pr Ä ° d ONLN dòzÔ )¬operties, but each method ° d ONLN d≤ x& (# xworks for the entir Ø` ° d ONLN d≈ &. )Re range of shape types.
° d ONLN d›/ l6 q (5 ln
° d ONLN dfl, x8 ) !No reliance on state information. πÄ ° d ONLN d ,8· )ñ- Since some shapes in QuickDraw have no data ° d ONLN d-8 xD É (A xstr fi ° d ONLN d08 ÉD ö ) uctur c‡ ° d ONLN d58 õDË )Ie associated with them, QuickDraw must use other elements of the graphic ° d ONLN d~D xP è (M xenvir n† ° d ONLN dÉD èP œ )onment to stor ÿ† ° d ONLN dëD œP€ )@;e information about how to draw the shapes. For example, a . ° d ONLN dÃP x\8 (Y x)QuickDraw line has no associated data str l ° d ONLN dıP8\N )¿uctur >` ° d ONLN d˙PN\¿ )e, so QuickDraw uses the ,
Courier >` ° d ONLN dP¿\ )rGrafPort >` ° d ONLN dP\Ú )0 . ° d ONLN d \ xh ô (e xdata str º ° d ONLN d$\ ôh ∞ )!uctur B ° d ONLN d)\ ±h ‘ ) e to stor }` ° d ONLN d2\ ‘h◊ )#:e information such as how thick the line should be drawn. ° d ONLN dlh xtT (q x/Whenever you want to draw a new line with a dif áÄ ° d ONLN dõhTt` )‹fer j ° d ONLN dûh`t ) ent thickness, you must . ° d ONLN d∂t xÄ | (} xr R` ° d ONLN d∑t |Ä' )&emember to set the information in the R` ° d ONLN d›t'ÄW )´GrafPort R` ° d ONLN dÂtWÄe )0 str >` ° d ONLN dÈteÄ{ )uctur ¿ ° d ONLN dÓt{Äâ )e fi ¿ ° d ONLN dÚtâÄ• )rst. W Ñ ° d ONLN d¯t§ÄÏ )ith QuickDraw . ° d ONLN dÄ xå ≤ (â x GX, however Ÿ@ ° d ONLN dÄ ±å ˚ )9, every shape is r Ÿ ° d ONLN d#Ä ˚å )Jepr i¿ ° d ONLN d&Ä
å› )1esented by a shape object, which, along with its ° d ONLN dWå xòÔ (ï xXassociated style, ink, and transform objects, includes all of the information necessary ° d ONLN dØò x§ * Wto draw the shape. The next two sections discuss the style, ink, and transform objects ° d ONLN d§ x∞ ï * in mor »@ ° d ONLN d § ï∞ ∑ ) e detail.
w :ø¯ 4 ` a ò H @< @< a ù π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π
° d ONLN d \ ñ h ù ) A † ° d ONLN d \ û hU )) place to cache pre-drawing calculations. ‰‡ ° d ONLN d , \U h∫ )∑ Certain calculations ar `@ ° d ONLN d D \ª h )fe necessary befor ⁄ ° d ONLN d U \ h
)Ke ° d ONLN d W h ñ t ( q ñSdrawing any shape—for some shapes, these calculations can take as much time as the ° d ONLN d ™ t ñ Äq * .actual drawing. Because drawing in QuickDraw r ≤` ° d ONLN d ÿ tq Ä› )€elies on information stor èÄ ° d ONLN d Ò t› Ä )l
ed in the ° d ONLN d ˚ Ä ñ å ’ ( â ñgraphics envir ŸÄ ° d ONLN d Ä ’ å )?
onment, pr ò‡ ° d ONLN d Ä å» )1,e-drawing calculations typically must be thr \@ ° d ONLN d? Ä… å )√own away after ° d ONLN dN å ñ ò ( ï ñdrawing each shape. However †@ ° d ONLN di å òê )Ü, in QuickDraw GX, the pr ú¿ ° d ONLN dÇ åê ò )te-drawing calculations for ° d ONLN dù ò ñ § ¯ ( ° ñeach shape can be stor ≤ ° d ONLN d≥ ò ¯ §˜ )b:ed as a cache associated with the shape object. If memory ° d ONLN dÌ § ñ ∞ ( ≠ ñ permits, these caches stay ar j ° d ONLN d
§ ∞4 )}ound fr l¿ ° d ONLN d §4 ∞ )!2om one drawing of a particular shape to the next. ° d ONLN dC ∞ ñ ºq ( π ñ0The next time you draw a shape that you have alr •‡ ° d ONLN ds ∞q º )€ eady drawn (for example, in ° d ONLN dè º ñ » ô ( ≈ ñr E ° d ONLN dê º ö » )Response to an update event), QuickDraw GX can use the information in the cache to ° d ONLN d‚ » ñ ‘ Ù ( — ñspeed the drawing pr @‡ ° d ONLN dˆ » ı ‘ )_ocess. ‡ ° d ONLN d˝ » ‘ ) 7Although QuickDraw GX handles these caches for you, it ° d ONLN d4 ‘ ñ ‡ ¥ ( › ñalso pr b ° d ONLN d; ‘ ¥ ‡F ) ovides a mechanism for you to cr Á` ° d ONLN d[ ‘F ‡‡ )í#eate and dispose them to suit your ° d ONLN d~ ‡ ñ Ï ( È ñ application’s particular needs. <¿ ° d ONLN dû ‡ Ï$ )àY ˝@ ° d ONLN dü ‡# ÏH )ou can fi »@ ° d ONLN d® ‡I Ïi )&nd mor C‡ ° d ONLN dÆ ‡j Ï )!"e information about these drawing ° d ONLN d– Ï ñ ¯ ¿ ( ı ñ
caches in Ú@ ° d ONLN d⁄ Ï ¿ ¯l )*&Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects î ° d ONLN d Ïm ¯o )≠. ° d ONLN d ˝ ä … ( äFAs you can see, the advantages of QuickDraw’s object-based graphics ar ᇠ° d ONLN dH ˝… Ì (…e numer † ° d ONLN dO ˝Ó )%ous. ° d ONLN dT
esses this pr « ° d ONLN d_1 ‘= )5Coblem in two ways: it automatically unloads shapes (writes them to ° d ONLN d¢> äJ ı (G ädisk) when it needs mor ^ ° d ONLN dπ> ıJ» )k0e memory space, and it allows objects to be shar Â` ° d ONLN dÈ>»J˚ )” ed. For mor PÄ ° d ONLN dÙ>¸J )4e ° d ONLN dˆK äWx (T ä4information about loading and unloading shapes, see ¥ ° d ONLN d*KxW )Ó Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX ° d ONLN dIX äd ® (a äObjects ‹Ä ° d ONLN dPX ®d Œ ) ; for mor ' ° d ONLN dYX œd )'He information about object sharing, see that book and also see the next ° d ONLN d°e äq Í (n äsection of this chapter p ° d ONLN d∏e Íq Ï )`. ° d ONLN d∫w äɲ (Ä äTAnother potential disadvantage of object-based graphics is that the sheer number of ° d ONLN dÑ äê° *
9objects in memory might pose special memory-management pr ä` ° d ONLN dGÑ°êÀ (ç° oblems. T Ä@ ° d ONLN dPÑÀêË )*o addr r@ ° d ONLN dVÑËê
) ess this ° d ONLN d_ë äùØ (ö ä<concern, QuickDraw GX has its own specialized memory manager õ ° d ONLN dõëØù (öØ, and QuickDraw GX ° d ONLN dÆû ä™ Æ (ß ä objects r “ ° d ONLN d∑û Æ™b )$'eside in a private memory heap. For mor ˚` ° d ONLN dfiûb™≥ )¥e information, see P† ° d ONLN dÒû¥™Ê )R
“How to Pr ı ° d ONLN d˚ûÊ™ )2
ogram It” ° d ONLN d´ ä∑ Ø (¥ äon page !¿ ° d ONLN d
ith QuickDraw V ° d ONLN d/˙ ’÷ )B:, much of the information necessary to draw shapes is stor 9@ ° d ONLN di˙÷ˆ (÷ed in a ,
Courier . ° d ONLN dq ä ∫ ( äGrafPort ° d ONLN dy ∫ À )0 (or ° d ONLN d~ À ) CGrafPort ° d ONLN dá+ )6
) data str l ° d ONLN dë+A )*uctur >` ° d ONLN dñAt ) e. For each >` ° d ONLN d¢t§ )3GrafPort >` ° d ONLN d™§ )0 data str *` ° d ONLN d≥ ‡ )&uctur ¸¿ ° d ONLN d∏fl˝ )e, ther œ ° d ONLN dø˝ ) e can . ° d ONLN d≈ ä ( ä[be only one set of drawing state information at a time. This information, such as pen size ° d ONLN d ! ä- *
Wand pattern, applies to whatever shape happens to be drawn while the information is in . ° d ONLN d w. ä: ú *
the ° d ONLN d {. ú: Ã )GrafPort ° d ONLN d É. Ã: ⁄ )0 str l ° d ONLN d á. ⁄: )uctur >` ° d ONLN d å. : ˙ )e. ° d ONLN d ê@ äLT (I ä*When you want to draw a shape, you must pr R` ° d ONLN d ∫@TLi ) epar $¿ ° d ONLN d æ@iL≈ )e information in the $¿ ° d ONLN d ”@≈Lı )\GrafPort $¿ ° d ONLN d €@ıL˜ )0 ° d ONLN d ‹M äY ñ (V ästr l ° d ONLN d flM ñY ¨ ) uctur >` ° d ONLN d ‰M ¨Y )e befor ¿ ° d ONLN d ÎM Y ) e calling the r „ ° d ONLN d ˙MY∞ )>%outines that draw the shape. Since a „ ° d ONLN d
M∞Y‡ )®GrafPort „ ° d ONLN d
'M‡YÓ )0 str œ ° d ONLN d
+MÓY )uctur °Ä ° d ONLN d
0MY )e . ° d ONLN d
2Z äf (c ä typically applies to an entir ˚¿ ° d ONLN d
OZf. )xe window S` ° d ONLN d
WZ.fm ),, you have to r ù@ ° d ONLN d
fZmf„ )? eset the information in the . ° d ONLN d
Çg äs ∫ (p äGrafPort ° d ONLN d
äg ∫s » )0 str l ° d ONLN d
ég »s fi )uctur >` ° d ONLN d
ìg fis ¸ )e befor ¿ ° d ONLN d
ög ¸sE ) e you draw a dif „ ° d ONLN d
™gDsQ )Hfer µÄ ° d ONLN d
≠gQsŸ )
ent shape in the same window Ä ° d ONLN d
…gÿs› )á. . ° d ONLN d
Ãy äÖ Î (Ç äAs discussed in the pr ˙` ° d ONLN d
‚y ÎÖè )a&evious section, having to constantly r Û‡ ° d ONLN d yèÖÌ )§eset the values in the . ° d ONLN d Ü äí ∫ (è äGrafPort ° d ONLN d 'Ü ∫í » )0 str l ° d ONLN d +Ü »í fi )uctur >` ° d ONLN d 0Ü fií ) e is a pr ¿ ° d ONLN d 9ÜíI )#ogramming chor „ ° d ONLN d GÜHí )G/e and it eliminates the possibility of caching . ° d ONLN d vì äü ⁄ (ú äcertain types of pr ì` ° d ONLN d âì ⁄üA )Pe-drawing calculations. ° d ONLN d °• ä± î (Æ äW Û` ° d ONLN d ¢• ì±+ ) !ith QuickDraw GX, each shape is r ]Ä ° d ONLN d √•,±Ô )ô+esponsible for maintaining its own drawing ° d ONLN d Ó≤ äæ• (ª äAinformation. For example, pen size no longer applies to the entir ˆ@ ° d ONLN d /≤•æÒ (ª•e drawing port— ˇV @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—˚ ˇÆ ( @ l From QuickDraw to QuickDraw GX 4⁄ *˙¯
° d ONLN d \ l h‡ ( e lRinstead, each individual shape can have its own pen size. When you want to draw a ° d ONLN d R i l u fl *
shape, you don’t need to r œ` ° d ONLN d l i fl uÚ )s>eset any state information; you simply call the shape-drawing ° d ONLN d ™ v l Ç ì ( l function. ° d ONLN d ¥ à l î∞ *KInstead of storing this type of drawing information in the shape object dir "@ ° d ONLN d ˇ à± î≈ ( ë±ectly ˙@ ° d ONLN d àƒ î… ), ° d ONLN d ï l °Ä ( û l>QuickDraw GX encapsulates it into two other types of objects: ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN dE ´ l ≤ q *n
° d ONLN dG ® x ¥ ¬ ) The style object. 1@ ° d ONLN dX ® √ ¥ )K These objects stor :† ° d ONLN dk ® ¥Ù )P4e information about stylistic variations on how the ° d ONLN dü ¥ x ¿… ( Ω xNshape is drawn. Some of this information is similar to the information in the . ° d ONLN dÌ ¿ x Ã Ø *
QuickDraw ,
Courier ° d ONLN d˜ ¿ Ø Ã fl )7GrafPort ° d ONLN dˇ ¿ fl à )0 data str l ° d ONLN d ¿ à )&uctur >` ° d ONLN d
¿ ÃÈ )2e, such as pen size, pattern, text font, and text . ° d ONLN d? Ã x ÿÒ ( ’ xTsize; some information is new to QuickDraw GX, such as dashes, joins, and caps. The ° d ONLN dì ÿ x ‰[ * 6next section, “Styles,” describes style objects in mor ÄÄ ° d ONLN d… ÿ[ ‰} )„ e detail.
° d ONLN d” Ì l Ù q ( Û ln
° d ONLN d’ Í x ˆ º ) The ink object. Ä ° d ONLN d‰ Í Ω ˆ
)E These objects stor ‡ ° d ONLN d˜ Í
ˆ∫ )P'e color and transfer mode information. ° d ONLN d ˆ x Æ ( ˇ x
.QuickDraw GX needs to describe graphic shapes. ° d ONLN dld lp ¢ *
When you fi ‡ ° d ONLN dwd £p π )7rst cr , ° d ONLN d}d πpà )<eate a QuickDraw GX shape, the new shape object contains a r ) ° d ONLN dπdÃp‹ (mÃefer ’ ° d ONLN dΩd‹pÚ )ence ° d ONLN d¬q l} ∞ (z lto the system’s dž ° d ONLN d“q ∞} )Ddefault style object ØÄ ° d ONLN dÊq} )W and ú† ° d ONLN dÎq }p )default ink object. -¿ ° d ONLN d˛qq}Ÿ )T These objects, which ar î† ° d ONLN dqŸ}‡ )he ° d ONLN d~ lä ® (á ltypically shar _Ä ° d ONLN d&~ ®ä˜ )<Hed by many shapes, contain default drawing information—for example, the ° d ONLN dnã ló‹ (î lWdefault pen thickness is 1.0 and the default color is black. If you want to change the ° d ONLN d≈ò l§- *
-system’s default stylistic and color behavior è ° d ONLN dÚò-§ª )¡ , you only need to change the pr °¿ ° d ONLN dòª§Ï )é operties of ° d ONLN d • l± « (Æ lthese default objects. ° d ONLN d5∑ l√ Ω *QuickDraw GX pr e` ° d ONLN dD∑ Ω√ Ì )Q ovides a gr ‡ ° d ONLN dO∑ Ì√Ê )08eat number of functions that allow you to customize the ° d ONLN dრl– ± (Õ lstyle and ink pr Ω† ° d ONLN dóƒ ±–ı )EJoperties of a shape. For example, if you want to change the pen thickness . ° d ONLN d·— l› v (⁄ lpr R` ° d ONLN d„— v›/ )
*operty of a particular shape, you use the R` ° d ONLN d
—/›} )π
GXSetShapePen R` ° d ONLN d—}›Ï )N function. If the shape is . ° d ONLN d5fi lÍ ~ (Á lcurr Ø ° d ONLN d9fi ~Í« )Kently sharing its style object with other shapes, QuickDraw GX typically cr ’Ä ° d ONLN dÑfi«ÍÁ (Á«eates a ° d ONLN dåÎ l˜ ≤ (Ù lcopy of the shar Ò ° d ONLN dúÎ ≤˜Ë )FJed style object, assigns it the new pen thickness, and associates it with ° d ONLN dʯ l ò ( l
the shape. ° d ONLN dÒ
l *$The next two sections examine the pr d@ ° d ONLN d
≠ )§&operties of the style and ink objects.
; *B¯ 4< *B¯ = l=¯
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d <, l; º (7 l
Style Objects ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (71
° d ONLN d KB lN— (K lTThe style object contains information about stylistic variations applicable to both ° d ONLN d üO l[' *
(geometric shapes and typographic shapes. ° d ONLN d »a lm Ñ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN d Õa Ñm ò )e 1-1 @ ° d ONLN d “a òmÅ )6 depicts a style object and shows how certain style pr ìÄ ° d ONLN d
aÇm∞ )Í operties af ü ° d ONLN d
a∞mfi ). fect shape ° d ONLN d
n lz î (w ldrawing. ˇB @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—˚ ˇÆ ( @ ä From QuickDraw to QuickDraw GX 4⁄ ä˙ (‡ ä How to Draw
° d ONLN d ” äfl û (‹ äTher ¿ ° d ONLN d !” üfl ¯ )e is an important dif h@ ° d ONLN d 6” ¯fl )Yfer J¿ ° d ONLN d 9”fl ) 4ence between the QuickDraw pen and the QuickDraw GX ° d ONLN d m‡ äÏ ⁄ (È äpen. Conceptually D† ° d ONLN d ~‡ ⁄Ïw )P#, the QuickDraw pen is an upright r ”† ° d ONLN d °‡wÏ )ù ectangle that QuickDraw drags ° d ONLN d øÌ ä˘ (ˆ äRalong the contours of the shape being drawn. The QuickDraw GX pen is a line which ° d ONLN d˙ ä *
QQuickDraw GX drags along the contours of the shape being drawn—always keeping it ° d ONLN db äÆ *
Cperpendicular to the contours; you can specify whether it is center m ° d ONLN d•Æ (Æed, inset, or outset. ° d ONLN dª ä ¢ ( äFigur R¿ ° d ONLN d¿ ¢ ∂ )e 1-3 @ ° d ONLN d≈ ∂ Û ) shows the dif è‡ ° d ONLN d” Ù )>fer r` ° d ONLN d÷ Ç ) ence between these two pens.
˛êêê @˜Ø IÔ@ ' ÎÅ Å Å º ÎÏ” ÎÅ Å Å º ÏΔ ÏÅ Å Å º ÎΔ ÎÅ Å Å º ÎÏ” ÏÅ Å Å º ÎΔ ÎÅ Å Å º ÏΔ ÎÅ Å Å º ÎÏ” Õ ÎÎÏ˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛ÎÏΔ ˛ ˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î Ï˛Î” Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â fi ˛ˇ¯ ˇˇ˛ ˇˇÅ Å Å ø › ˇ¯ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇÅ Å Å ¿ fi ˇ¯ ˇ˛ ˇ˝ ˇÅ Å Å ¿ fi ˇ˘ ˇ˝ ˇ˝ ˇÅ Å Å ¿ fi ˇ˘ ˇ˝ ˇ˛ ˇÅ Å Å ø fl ˇ˚ ˇˇ ˇ˛ ˇ˛ ˇÅ Å Å æ fl ˇ˝ ˇ˝ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇÅ Å Å ¿ ‡ ˚ˇ˚ ˇˇ˛ ˝ˇÅ Å Å ø Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â ,fi ¸ˇ ˇˇ‰ ˇ˙ ˇˇÚ ˇ˙ ˝ˇˆ ˇ ˇ˝ ˇÅ Å ö 0fi ˇ˛ ˇ· ˇˇ˚ ˇ ˇÙ ˇˇ˚ ˇ˛ ˇ˜ ˇˇÒ ˇÅ Å î .fi ˇ› ˇ˜ ˇı ˇ ˇ˚ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ˘ ˇ ˇÔ ˇÅ Å ß [fi ˛ˇ˝ ˇˇ˛ ˛ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ˛ ˇ˘ ˇ˜ ˇı ˇ ˇ˙ ˇ˛ ¸ˇ ˇ ˇ˝ ˇ˚ ˛ˇ˛ ˛ˇ˛ ˇ˝ ˇ˛ ˇˇ ˛ˇÅ Å ® lfl ˇ ˇ˛ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇ˙ ˇ¯ ˇı ˇ ˇ˘ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ˝ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ˛
ˇˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇÅ Å ß efl ˇ˚ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ˛ ˛ˇ˘ ˇ˛ ˇˇ˛ ˇÙ ¸ˇ˝ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇ˛ ˛ˇ˝ ˇ˝ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ˛ ˛ˇ ˇ¸ ˇÅ Å ß ffl ˇ¸ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ˛ ˇ˜ ˇ˘ ˇ ˇ˜ ˇ˝ ˇ˝ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ˝ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇ˙ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ˝ ˇ ˛ˇÅ Å ¶ _‡ ˛ˇ˝ ˛ˇ ˛ˇ ¸ˇ ˇ˝ ˛ˇ˚ ˛ˇ˚ ˝ˇ˜ ˇˇ ˝ˇ ˇ ˛ˇ ˇ˝ ˇ˛ ˇ˛ ˛ˇ¸ ˛ˇ˝ ˇ˝ ˇ˛ ˛ˇ ˇˇ ˇÅ Å ¶ ’ ˇ˛ ˇø ˇÁ ˇÅ Å ò ’ ˇ˛ ˇ¿ ˇË ˇ ˇÅ Å ò ‘ ˛ˇ¡ ˇˇÊ ˇÅ Å ó Å Å Å â òů @ Ę H H öCl pÄ ˛ ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ˇˇˇˇÃà ˇˇˇˇôô ˇˇˇˇff ˇˇˇˇ33 ˇˇˇˇ ˇˇÃÃˇˇ ˇˇÃÃÃà ˇˇÃÃôô ˇˇÃÃff
ˇˇ ˇ ˇ ¸ˇ˛ ˇ¸ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ¯ ˛ˇ˛ ˇˇ ˛ˇ˚ ˛ˇ¸ ˇ˝ ˛ˇ ˇ¸ ˇ˛ ˛ˇ ˛ˇ ˇ ˇÅ Å £ fi ˇ˝ ˇÅ Å Å ≤ fl ˇ ˝ˇÅ Å Å ± Å Å Å â Å Å Å â ‹ ˇˇ ˇÔ ˇˇ¸ ˇˇÅ Å Å Õ › ˇ ˇˇÓ ˇÅ Å Å Δ fi ˇ˝ ˇÔ ˇÅ Å Å ≈ 0fl ˇ˙
ˇˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˝ˇ ˇ ˇˇ˛ ˇˇ ˇˇ˛ ˛ˇÅ Å Å ◊ 6fl ˇ˛ ˛ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇÅ Å Å ◊ 1fl ˇ˝ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ˚ ˇÅ Å Å ’ 6fl ˇˇ˛ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˛ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˛ˇ ˇÅ Å Å ÷ /› ˛ˇ˛ ˇ˝ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ ˛ˇ ˇˇ ˛ˇÅ Å Å ’ Õ ˇÅ Å Å æ Õ ˇÅ Å Å æ Œ ˛ˇÅ Å Å ø Å Å Å â S‹ ˛ˇ˜ ˇˇ¸ ˇˇ¸ ˝ˇÂ ˇˇ ˇ ˛ˇ ˇˇ˙ ˇˇ˛ ˇˇÔ ˛ˇı ˇˇ˝ ˇˇ¯ ˇˇ¸ ˇˇÙ ˇˇÌ ˇˇÅ Å „ F› ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ˚ ˇ ˇÁ ˇ ˇˇ˛ ˇ ˇ¯ ˇ˝ ˇÓ ˇÌ ˇ˜ ˇˇ˛ ˇˇ‹ ˇÅ Å „ Kfi ˇ˝ ˇÒ ˇ˚ ˇ˝ ˇÈ ˇ˝ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ¯ ˇ ˇ ˇÓ ˇÌ ˇˆ ˇˇ ˇ ˇÎ ˇÙ ˇÅ Å ‚ ûfl ˇ¸ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ˛
√ ◊◊Å Å Å … Å Å Å â ,‹ ˇ˙ ˇˇ˘ ˇÙ ˛ˇ ˇ ˇ‘ ˇˇ˙ ˇˇ˛ ˇˇÅ Å ì 0› ˇˇ˘ ˇ˙ ˇÚ ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ’ ˇ ˇ¸ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇÅ Å î 6fi ˇ ˇ˙ ˇ˘ ˇÛ ˇ ˇ ˇÙ ˇÙ ˇÓ ˇ¸ ˇ˛ ˇ˝ ˇÅ Å î Yfi ˇ ˇ¸ ˇ ˇ ˛ˇ˛ ˛ˇ˝ ˇ˙ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ˛ ˘ˇ ˇ˛ ˇˇ ˝ˇ ˛ˇ ˇˇ ˇ˚ ˇˇ¸ ˇ˝ ˇ˝ ˇÅ Å î ffl ˇ ˇ˛ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ˚ ˇ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇˇ¯ ˇ˝ ˇ˝ ˇ˛ ˇÅ Å ì ^fl ¸ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ˝ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˛ˇ˚ ˇ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ˝ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇ˝ ˇ ˇ˜ ˇ˝ ˇ˛ ˇ˛ ˇÅ Å í ^‡ ˇ˝ ˇ ˇ ¸ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ¯ ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ˝ ˇ ˝ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇˆ ˇ˝ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇÅ Å î [· ˇˇ ˝ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˛ˇ˝ ˇ˝ ˛ˇ¸ ˛ˇ ˇ ˇ ¸ˇ ˛ˇ ˇ ˇ¸ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ˛ ˛ˇ ˇ˙ ˝ˇ˛ ˇ ˇˇ˛ ˝ˇÅ Å ì Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â òů @ Ę H H öCp sÄ ˛ ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ˇˇˇˇÃà ˇˇˇˇôô ˇˇˇˇff ˇˇˇˇ33 ˇˇˇˇ ˇˇÃÃˇˇ ˇˇÃÃÃà ˇˇÃÃôô ˇˇÃÃff
˛êêê @ Ęã IÀ@ ' Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â òů Ä ú˜ H H öCl tÄ ˛ ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ˇˇˇˇÃà ˇˇˇˇôô ˇˇˇˇff ˇˇˇˇ33 ˇˇˇˇ ˇˇÃÃˇˇ ˇˇÃÃÃà ˇˇÃÃôô ˇˇÃÃff
˛êêê Ä ú˜À IÁ@ ' Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â ò @ @˜ @˜Á I'@ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ò @ @ Ę @ Ę' Ig@ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ò @ Ä ú˜ Ä ú˜g IÉ@ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ òů @˜ H H öCp uÄ ˛ ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ˇˇˇˇÃà ˇˇˇˇôô ˇˇˇˇff ˇˇˇˇ33 ˇˇˇˇ ˇˇÃÃˇˇ ˇˇÃÃÃà ˇˇÃÃôô ˇˇÃÃff
˛êêê @˜Á I'@ ' Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â òů @ Ę H H öCl vÄ ˛ ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ˇˇˇˇÃà ˇˇˇˇôô ˇˇˇˇff ˇˇˇˇ33 ˇˇˇˇ ˇˇÃÃˇˇ ˇˇÃÃÃà ˇˇÃÃôô ˇˇÃÃff
˛êêê @ Ę' Ig@ ' Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â òů Ä ú˜ H H öCp wÄ ˛ ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ˇˇˇˇÃà ˇˇˇˇôô ˇˇˇˇff ˇˇˇˇ33 ˇˇˇˇ ˇˇÃÃˇˇ ˇˇÃÃÃà ˇˇÃÃôô ˇˇÃÃff
˛êêê Ä ú˜g IÉ@ ' Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â ˇz¸ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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Figure 1-3 ° d ONLN d \ Æ gX )B%QuickDraw pen versus QuickDraw GX pen
° d ONLN d 2a lm (j l&The sample functions in Chapter 4, “Pr =† ° d ONLN d XamX )¨ ogramming W ° d ONLN d caXm‘ )@ ith Styles,” demonstrate the ° d ONLN d Än lz (w l%QuickDraw GX pen, along with other pr ŸÄ ° d ONLN d •n zì )≤ operties of the style object.
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d √ê lü ˆ (õ lInk Objects and Colors ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (õ1
° d ONLN d €¶ l≤Ë (Ø lWThe ink object contains information about a shape’s color and how that color interacts ° d ONLN d2≥ lø ± *
with the backgr ㆠ° d ONLN dA≥ ±ø< )E ound when the shape is drawn. ° d ONLN d_≈ l— Ñ (Œ lFigur R¿ ° d ONLN dd≈ Ñ— ò )e 1-1 @ ° d ONLN di≈ ò—Δ )C depicts an ink object and shows how the color and transfer mode pr @ ° d ONLN d¨≈«—Ï (Œ« operties ° d ONLN dµ“ lfi t (€ laf ¶@ ° d ONLN d∑“ tfi Æ )
ith QuickDraw V ° d ONLN d \ ’ hÊ )BA, you typically specify colors in the RGB color space; either dir " ° d ONLN d O \Á h˚ ( eÁectly ˙ ° d ONLN d T \˙ hˇ ), ° d ONLN d V i ä u Í ( r äwhen the color specifi E ° d ONLN d l i Î u◊ )a6cation contains actual RGB color information, or indir ‡ ° d ONLN d ¢ iÿ uÏ )Ìectly ÿ‡ ° d ONLN d ß iÎ u ), when ° d ONLN d Æ v ä Ç œ ( äthe color specifi ¿ ° d ONLN d ø v – Çfl )F?cation contains an index into a table that holds the RGB color ° d ONLN d ˛ É ä è ¡ ( å ä information. ° d ONLN d ï ä ° ’ *QuickDraw GX r c@ ° d ONLN d ï ’ °% )Ketains both the dir ù` ° d ONLN d, ï% °] )P
ect and indir ↠° d ONLN d9 ï] °° )8ect color specifi ™@ ° d ONLN dJ ï° ° )Dcation models, but also ° d ONLN db ¢ ä Æ˚ ( ´ äRadds a number of new color spaces, as well as a color matching model. The chapter ° d ONLN d¥ Ø ä ª ⁄ *
“Colors and Color 6Ä ° d ONLN d≈ Ø € ª5 )Q-Related Objects” in ø` ° d ONLN d⁄ Ø5 ª· )Z&Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects a ° d ONLN d Ø‚ ª )≠ describes ° d ONLN d º ä »
( ≈ ä the new color model in detail. ° d ONLN d* Œ ä ⁄ *VThe transfer modes of QuickDraw GX allow you to specify how a shape’s color interacts ° d ONLN dÄ € ä Á Ù *
with the existing backgr ÆÄ ° d ONLN dò € Ù Ád )jound color when drawn. ° d ONLN d∞ Ì ä ˘5 ( ˆ ä&The sample functions in Chapter 5, “Pr =† ° d ONLN d÷ Ì6 ˘v )¨ ogramming W ° d ONLN d· Ìv ˘ )@%ith Inks,” show how to set the color ° d ONLN d ˙ äT ( ä*and transfer mode of a QuickDraw GX shape.
. ° d ONLN dAI äU (R ä In QuickDraw ï ° d ONLN dMI …U ‡ )?, the ,
Courier ï ° d ONLN dSI ‡U )GrafPort ï ° d ONLN d[IU6 )0 data str Å ° d ONLN ddI6UL )&uctur S` ° d ONLN diILU ),e also contains information that determines ° d ONLN dïV äb ¢ (_ äwher R` ° d ONLN dôV ¢b ’ ) e shapes ar $¿ ° d ONLN d§V ’b )3
)0ed in the view port, such as whether the shapes ˇˇéú . ° d ONLN dâ∂ ä¬ î (ø äar R` ° d ONLN dã∂ î¬ ∏ )
e dither ≥\ ° d ONLN dì∂ ∏¬  )$ ed. Like a ˇ˛´‘ _0 ° d ONLN dû∂ ʬ ).GrafPort ˇˇéú _0 ° d ONLN d¶∂¬ )0:, a view port can be associated with a particular window; . ° d ONLN d‡√ äœ ∞ (à ähowever å† ° d ONLN dÁ√ ∞œ )&, it does not have to be. u@ ° d ONLN d√œ )hY 5¿ ° d ONLN d√ œF ) ou can cr )@ ° d ONLN d √Fœ¢ )(eate view port hierar ¿ ° d ONLN d √¢œ¯ )\chies to implement ° d ONLN d3– ä‹ § (Ÿ äfeatur ¨ ° d ONLN d9– §‹ )es such as separate scr Ô ° d ONLN dP–‹v )bolling panes in a window ° d ONLN dh–v‹{ )p. ° d ONLN dk‚ äÓ ù (Î äThe ª¿ ° d ONLN do‚ ùÓ ” ) view device ·† ° d ONLN dz‚ ”Ó Ÿ )6 r &† ° d ONLN d|‚ ⁄Ó Ë )epr ∑` ° d ONLN d‚ ËÓ )
(] äVis to be clipped and mapped, and to what view port the shape is to be drawn. The next ° d ONLN d Ia äm ≠ *
section, hÄ ° d ONLN d Ra Æm π )$“T £@ ° d ONLN d Ta ∏m Ï )
ransforms,” Ò@ ° d ONLN d _a Ïmé )4% explains the transform object in mor
‡ ° d ONLN d Ñaèm± )£ e detail. ° d ONLN d és ä Ï (| äAnother important dif @ ° d ONLN d £s Ì ˘ )cfer Á¿ ° d ONLN d ¶s ¯˙ ) 3ence between QuickDraw and QuickDraw GX is how you ° d ONLN d ŸÄ äå ø (â ä specify coor d† ° d ONLN d ÂÄ øå# )5dinates. In QuickDraw † ° d ONLN d ˙Ä#å; )d, coor 9‡ ° d ONLN d
° d ONLN d \ l h À ( e lSometimes the “wher l† ° d ONLN d \ À h ˛ )_ e” of “wher ∂† ° d ONLN d \ ˛ ha )3e to draw” isn’t the scr mÄ ° d ONLN d 6 \b hï )d een or an of '` ° d ONLN d B \ñ h• )4fscr ÌÄ ° d ONLN d F \• h≈ )een buf á ° d ONLN d M \Δ h“ )!fer Ÿ‡ ° d ONLN d P \— hÁ ) , but ° d ONLN d V i l u Ø ( r lrather a printer 2` ° d ONLN d f i Ø u )C. QuickDraw GX pr ¿ ° d ONLN d w i uF )Vovides an entir ö` ° d ONLN d Ü iF uö )Aely new printing ar L@ ° d ONLN d ô iõ u¡ )U chitectur ° d ONLN d ¢ i¬ uÛ )' e, which is ° d ONLN d Æ v l Ç { ( lintr A ° d ONLN d ≤ v | Ç4 ))oduced in Chapter 7, “Printing,” and thor N† ° d ONLN d € v4 Çé )∏oughly described in ∑† ° d ONLN d Ô vé Çÿ )ZInside Macintosh: ° d ONLN d É l è “ ( å lQuickDraw GX Printing „@ ° d ONLN d É “ è ‘ )f.
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d • l ¥ t ( ∞ lT eN ° d ONLN d • t ¥ ∞ ) ransforms ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r ( ∞1
° d ONLN d$ ª l «fl ( ƒ lSThe transform object contains information about how a shape is to be clipped, what ° d ONLN dw » l ‘· *
Smapping transformation should be applied to it, and to what viewPorts it should be ° d ONLN d ’ l · ã *
drawn. ° d ONLN d— Á l Û Ñ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN d÷ Á Ñ Û ò )e 1-1 @ ° d ONLN d€ Á ò ÛØ )> depicts a transform object and shows how certain transform pr π@ ° d ONLN d Á∞ Ûfi ( ∞ operties af ƒ¿ ° d ONLN d$ Áfi Û ).fect ° d ONLN d) Ù l ∞ ( ˝ lshape drawing. ˇ,fi @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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Figure 1-5 ° d ONLN d \ Ã g “ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d \ “ g ) transform object
° d ONLN d 2 ä>- (; ä!Because each QuickDraw GX shape r , ° d ONLN d @2.>> )§efer ÿ ° d ONLN d D2>> ).ences a transform object, each shape can have ° d ONLN d r? äK6 (H ä&its own clip and its own mapping. The ` ° d ONLN d ò?7KH )≠clip L ° d ONLN d ú?HK )- determines how much of the shape is visible ° d ONLN d …L äX « (U ä when drawn. õ¿ ° d ONLN d ’L «X Œ )=A ÷` ° d ONLN d ÷L ŒXµ )2 clip can be any QuickDraw GX shape (except pictur ≥ ° d ONLN dLµX )Áes and some kinds of ° d ONLN d Y äe (b äTbitmaps). For example, you could use a polygon shape as a clip shape to show only a ° d ONLN dqf är *
!small triangular section of a lar ° ° d ONLN dífr: )â ge pictur „ ° d ONLN dõf:rC )'e. ° d ONLN düx äÑ ù (Å äThe ª¿ ° d ONLN d£x ùÑ Δ )mapping ’† ° d ONLN d™x ΔÑ√ ))9 is a 3-by-3 matrix that QuickDraw GX applies to the coor Y ° d ONLN d„xƒÑ )˛dinates of the ° d ONLN dÚÖ äë ƒ (é ä
shape’s contr ú‡ ° d ONLN dˇÖ ƒë ):ol points befor ã ° d ONLN dÖël )@e drawing the shape. W ≠‡ ° d ONLN d$Ölëˆ )h ith this mapping, you can skew S` ° d ONLN dBÖˆë˚ )ä, ° d ONLN dDí äû ç (õ är E ° d ONLN dEí éû ¨ )otate, r Õ‡ ° d ONLN dMí ¨û≥ ) 9esize, and otherwise distort your shapes. QuickDraw GX pr ( ° d ONLN dÜí¥û (õ¥ovides a number of . ° d ONLN dôü ä´u (® ä4functions that manage this mapping for you, such as ,
Courier ° d ONLN dÕüu´∑ )Î GXSkewShape ° d ONLN dÿü∑´Ã )B and
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ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇÅ Å Ñ R€ ˇˇ˛ ˇˇ ˝ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ¸ˇ˙ ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ¸ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇˇ ˛ˇ ¸ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˛ˇÅ Å Ö S‹ ˝ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˛ˇ˛ ¸ˇ ˇ ˝ˇ˝ ˇˇ ˇ ˛ˇ ˝ˇ ˇˇ˝ ˛ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˛ˇ ˛ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇÅ Å Ñ Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â ,÷ ˇ¸ ˇˇ˝ ˇ„ ˇˇ˛ ˛ˇÒ ˇ ˛ˇ˛ ˛ˇË ˛ˇÅ Å ü ;◊ ˇˇ˛ ˇˇ¸ ˇˇı ˇ ˇˇ˝ ˇÒ ˇˇ˛ ˇˇ ˇ ˇˇı ˇı ˇÅ Å û 2ÿ ˇˇ˛ ˇˇ¸ ˇˇı ˇÈ ˇÚ ˇˇ˝ ˇ˚ ˇı ˇÙ ˇÅ Å û hŸ ˇ ˇ ˝ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ¸ ¸ˇ ˛ˇ ˛ˇ˛ ˛ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˛ˇ¯ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇˇ˝ ˇˇ˚ ¸ˇ ˛ˇ ˛ˇ˚ ˇ ˇ ˛ˇ ˛ˇ ¸ˇÅ Å Æ òů @ į H H öCp ÇÄ ˛ ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ˇˇˇˇÃà ˇˇˇˇôô ˇˇˇˇff ˇˇˇˇ33 ˇˇˇˇ ˇˇÃÃˇˇ ˇˇÃÃÃà ˇˇÃÃôô ˇˇÃÃff
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˛êêê Ä ú¯À uÁm ' Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â &◊ ˇ˙ ˛ˇ˚ ˛ˇˆ ˝ˇ ˚ˇ’ ˛ˇ˙ ˇ˝ ˛ˇÅ Å õ ;◊ ˇ˘ ˇ˘ ˇÙ ˇˇ˛ ˇ ˇÚ ˇÙ ˇÛ ˇ ˇˇ¸ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇÅ Å ú 8ÿ ˇˇ˘ ˇ˘ ˇÙ ˇˇ˛ ˇ ˇÛ ˇÙ ˇÔ ˇ¸ ˇˇ ˇˇ˝ ˇˇÅ Å ú cŸ ˇ ˇ˚ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇˇ ˝ˇ˛ ˛ˇ˝ ˇˇ˛ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˛ˇ ˇˇ ˛ˇ ¸ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˛ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇ¸ ˇˇ˚ ˇˇ ˇˇ˝ ˇÅ Å õ hŸ ˇ ˇ˝ ˇˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇ˝ ˇˇ˛ ˇ ˇ˛
ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˝ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˝ˇ˚ ˇˇ˝ ˇˇ ˇ˝ ˇÅ Å ö d⁄ ¸ˇ˛ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ ˝ˇ¸ ˇˇ˛ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇˇ˛ ˇ˛ ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ˘ ˇˇ˝ ˇˇ ˇˇ˛ ˇÅ Å ô `⁄ ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ¸ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇˇ˚ ˇˇ˛ ˚ˇ ˙ˇ ˇ ˛ˇ ˇ˛ ˇˇ ˘ˇ ˇ ˇ˚ ˇ ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˇ˛ ˇ˛ ˇÅ Å ú c€ ˇˇ ˝ˇ ˇˇ ˇ ˛ˇ˛ ˇˇ˝ ˝ˇ ˝ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˛ˇ ˇˇ ˇˇ˝ ˝ˇ ˇˇ ˛ˇ ˇˇ˚ ˛ˇ˛ ˇˇ ˇˇ˛ ¸ˇÅ Å õ Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â Å Å Å â ò @ @¯ @¯Á u'm ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ò @ @ į @ į' ugm ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ò @ Ä ú¯ Ä ú¯g uÉm ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ òů @¯ H H öCp ÑÄ ˛ ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ˇˇˇˇÃà ˇˇˇˇôô ˇˇˇˇff ˇˇˇˇ33 ˇˇˇˇ ˇˇÃÃˇˇ ˇˇÃÃÃà ˇˇÃÃôô ˇˇÃÃff
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. ° d ONLN d \ l h ¥ ( e l GXScaleShape ° d ONLN d \ ¥ h Ú )H, but it also pr R` ° d ONLN d \ Ú h‚ )>5ovides functions that allow you to alter the mapping . ° d ONLN d Q i l u ò ( r l
matrix dir „ ° d ONLN d [ i ò u ¨ ),ectly ª ° d ONLN d ` i ¨ u Æ ). ° d ONLN d b { l áo ( Ñ l:The transform object also contains some parameters that af ‡ ° d ONLN d ú {p በ( Ñp fect hit testing. Chapter 6, ° d ONLN d π à l î z ( ë l“Pr N† ° d ONLN d º à { î ª ) ogramming W * ° d ONLN d « à ª î œ )@ith T · ° d ONLN d Ã à Œ î‹ )<ransforms,” shows an example of hit-testing, and the “Shape ° d ONLN d ï l ° ≤ ( û lObjects” and “T ` ° d ONLN d ï ≤ °8 )F ransform Objects” chapters of h† ° d ONLN d5 ï8 °‰ )Ü&Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects
` ° d ONLN d[ ï °Á )≠ ° d ONLN d\ ¢ l Æä ( ´ lBexplain hit-testing and the transform’s hit test parameters in mor z† ° d ONLN dû ¢ä ƨ ( ´ä e detail. ° d ONLN d® ¥ l ¿ ä ( Ω lFinally
° d ONLN dØ ¥ ä ¿Â ) O, the transform object contains a view port list. When you draw any shape, the ° d ONLN d˛ ¡ l Õ” ( lRview port list of that shape’s transform determines which view ports the shape is ° d ONLN dP Œ l ⁄ *
%actually drawn to. See the chapter “V ¶Ä ° d ONLN du Œ ⁄o )§iew-Related Objects” ˛† ° d ONLN dä Œo ⁄Ï )_ Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw ° d ONLN d¶ € l Á õ ( ‰ l
GX Objects ÿ ° d ONLN d∞ € õ Á æ )/ for mor ó@ ° d ONLN d∏ € ø Á  )$
° d ONLN d◊* l6 (3 l"In addition to the new graphics ar xÄ ° d ONLN d˘*6( )ñ chitectur -@ ° d ONLN d*)6ú )'e described in this chapter I` ° d ONLN d *ú6Ë )s, QuickDraw GX ° d ONLN d,7 lC ä (@ lalso pr b ° d ONLN d37 äC ) ovides a number of new pr {` ° d ONLN dL7Cw )wogramming support featur Ç` ° d ONLN dd7wCÇ )ves: ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN dhM lT q (S ln
° d ONLN djJ xV ‘ ) Debugging support. ≤Ä ° d ONLN d|J ‘V Î )\ Ther ≥@ ° d ONLN dÅJ ÎV ˚ )e ar ¡‡ ° d ONLN dÖJ ˚VÔ )4e two versions of QuickDraw GX: a debugging version ° d ONLN dπV xbz (_ x8and a nondebugging version. The debugging version is lar Á‡ ° d ONLN dÒVzbª (_zger and slower ° d ONLN dˇVºb“ )B, but ° d ONLN db xn@ (k x,contains code that supports the debugging pr A ° d ONLN d1bAn¬ )…ocess. QuickDraw GX also pr j¿ ° d ONLN dLb¬n· )Åovides ° d ONLN dSn xzA (w x-validation functions, which help you to ensur è@ ° d ONLN dÄnAzÔ )…*e the integrity of your graphics objects, ° d ONLN d™z xÜ Ω (É xand a debugger ˛` ° d ONLN d∏z ºÜ„ )DB, called GraphicsBug, which allows you to examine the contents of ° d ONLN d˙Ü xí ⁄ (è xyour graphics objects.
° d ONLN dõ l¢ q (° ln
° d ONLN dò x§ è ) Error ® ° d ONLN dò è§ ‡ )-handling system. I ° d ONLN d*ò ·§; )R QuickDraw GX defi Ÿ` ° d ONLN d<ò;§Y )Znes thr
° d ONLN dCòZ§ô ) ee levels of err Ø@ ° d ONLN dSòô§œ )?ors: notices, ° d ONLN da§ x∞ Δ (≠ xwarnings, and err @ ° d ONLN dr§ «∞{ )O*ors. Notices alert you to unnecessary or r õ@ ° d ONLN dú§{∞Ë )¥edundant function calls. ° d ONLN dµ∞ xº Ç (π xW ï ° d ONLN d∂∞ ź¶ ) Barnings inform you that, while a function may have executed, it pr ÿ ° d ONLN d¯∞¶ºÿ (π¶ obably did ° d ONLN dº x» Ô (≈ xsomething unexpected. Err Ɔ ° d ONLN d º Ô»‹ )w6ors inform you that a function was unable to execute. ˝@ ° d ONLN dRº‹»‚ )ÌY Ω¿ ° d ONLN dSº‚»Ô )ou ° d ONLN dV» x‘ ì (— xcan pr ¿ ° d ONLN d\» î‘Y ) -ovide handling functions for each type of err \` ° d ONLN dâ»Y‘b )≈or ° d ONLN dã»b‘d ) .
° d ONLN dç› l‰ q („ ln
° d ONLN dè⁄ xÊ fi ) Memory management. G@ ° d ONLN d°⁄ flÊ2 )g QuickDraw GX pr ¨† ° d ONLN d±⁄2Êÿ )S!ovides its own memory management ° d ONLN d“Ê xÚÿ (Ô xNoptimized for the QuickDraw GX system of graphics object. Unlike the original ° d ONLN d Ú x˛ ˘ * Macintosh Memory Manager ƒ@ ° d ONLN d8Ú ¯˛Ò )Ä8, QuickDraw GX doesn’t use handles to locate blocks of ° d ONLN dp˛ x
Á ( xmemory; instead it uses r ¡‡ ° d ONLN dⲠÁ
˜ )oefer n ° d ONLN dç˛ ¯
/ )
ence values. ‡ ° d ONLN dö˛0
Á )8)Although you can still use the Macintosh ° d ONLN d√
x » ( xMemory Manager fi¿ ° d ONLN d—
«„ )O<, you may want to take advantange of some of the new memory ° d ONLN d
x" Œ ( xmanagement featur €Ä ° d ONLN d Œ"Ó )V=es of QuickDraw GX to handle your application’s memory needs.
° d ONLN d\+ l2 q (1 ln
° d ONLN d^( x4 ‰ ) QuickDraw simulation. ƒ‡ ° d ONLN ds( ‰47 )l QuickDraw GX pr *@ ° d ONLN dÉ(84Ï )T,ovides a set of libraries that simulate the ° d ONLN dØ4 x@ ô (= xstandar ±Ä ° d ONLN d∂4 ô@ )!d QuickDraw functions.
° d ONLN dÕI lP q (O ln
° d ONLN dœF xR ‰ ) QuickDraw translation. ƒ‡ ° d ONLN dÂF ‰RÓ )l8 QuickDraw GX can automatically convert QuickDraw calls ° d ONLN d R x^Ø ([ xCto QuickDraw GX calls and can also convert data in QuickDraw pictur ÃÄ ° d ONLN d `RØ^· ([Ø e format to ° d ONLN d l^ xj Ÿ (g xQuickDraw GX pictur Ä ° d ONLN d ^ ⁄j  )bes.
° d ONLN d És lz q (y ln
° d ONLN d Öp x| ü )
Utilities. .¿ ° d ONLN d èp †| )( QuickDraw GX also pr Ø ° d ONLN d §p|h )govides a number of pr V` ° d ONLN d πpi|Ÿ )bogramming utilities—for ° d ONLN d —| xàÓ (Ö xTexample, a messaging system, an object-collection system, and a set of mathematical ° d ONLN d
%à xî … * support functions.
° d ONLN d
8ù l§ q (£ ln
° d ONLN d
:ö x¶ £ )
Libraries. ¿ ° d ONLN d
Dö §¶ ≈ ), Finally #¿ ° d ONLN d
Lö ƒ¶ ) , QuickDraw GX pr ° d ONLN d
]ö¶M )V ovides a lar › ° d ONLN d
iöL¶ı )2'ge library of sample functions for you ° d ONLN d
ê¶ x≤ ˝ (Ø x to use. These functions vary fr î ° d ONLN d
ض ˝≤ÿ )Ö1om the convenience functions of the shape library m¿ ° d ONLN d
° d ONLN d \ ñ hD ( e ñ)intricate functions of the camera library ˆ‡ ° d ONLN d ) \C h® )≠, which allow you to cr fl` ° d ONLN d @ \® h )eeate special perspective ° d ONLN d Y h ñ t û ( q ñef o‡ ° d ONLN d [ h û t ¥ )fects. ° d ONLN d b y ä Ö õ ( Ç äSee ” ° d ONLN d f y õ Ö@ )$Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Envir @` ° d ONLN d ä yA Öó )¶onment and Utilities †@ ° d ONLN d ü yó Ö∏ )Vfor mor Í¿ ° d ONLN d ¶ y∏ Ö )!e information on ° d ONLN d ∑ Ü ä í » ( è äthese subjects. ˇ™ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ∫Î ˇ◊ ( q H2 ° d ONLN d [ ∫ x≈ )rSetting Up the Sample
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° d ONLN d +X ∫d Ô *” The Shell Pr µ‡ ° d ONLN d 7X Ôd )5ogram Å ° d ONLN d >X d- )12-3 ° d ONLN d Be ƒqC (n ƒInitializating QuickDraw GX =@ ° d ONLN d _eXqe )î2-3 ° d ONLN d cr ƒ~ ˘ ({ ƒ Attaching V Ç ° d ONLN d nr ˘~: )5iew Ports to W '` ° d ONLN d |r:~Z )Aindows ` ° d ONLN d Ñro~| )52-4 ° d ONLN d à ∫ã" (à ∫The Drawing Functions ° d ONLN d ü7ãD )}2-5 ˇZ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
ˇˇ—˚ ˇÆ ( @ äSetting Up the Sample ìR )X Application ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ≠5 ( @2
° d ONLN d \ ä h ° ( e äThe r Ä¿ ° d ONLN d \ ° h )est of this document pr M` ° d ONLN d \ hÈ )f4esents a sample application that includes functions ° d ONLN d P i ä u ( r ä!illustrating each of the major pr …Ä ° d ONLN d q i uΔ )ã#ogramming concepts of QuickDraw GX. ° d ONLN d ï { ä á ° ( Ñ äBefor Û¿ ° d ONLN d ö { ° ác )+e diving into the sample functions, however ú† ° d ONLN d ≈ {c á )¬(, you need to understand a little about ° d ONLN d Ì à ä î £ ( ë äthe or ‡ ° d ONLN d Û à § îØ )=ganization of the sample application. The application has thr Œ‡ ° d ONLN d0 àØ î˛ ( ëØee parts: the shell ˇˇ◊< . ° d ONLN dD ï ä ° î ( û äpr R` ° d ONLN dF ï î ° )
ogram, which is located in the ,
Courier ˇˇÖ¥ Üå ° d ONLN dd ï °§ )â QD GX Overview Main.c ˇˇ◊< # ° d ONLN d{ ï• °¨ )àfi # ° d ONLN d} ï¨ ° )le, the sample drawing ° d ONLN dî ¢ ä Æ · ( ´ äfunctions, which ar R` ° d ONLN dß ¢ · Æ' )We located in the R` ° d ONLN d∑ ¢' Ʊ )F QD GX Overview Draw.c R` ° d ONLN dŒ ¢± Æ∏ )äfi R` ° d ONLN d– ¢∏ ÆÎ ) le, and the ˇˇÃP ° d ONLN d‹ Ø ä ª ∑ ( ∏ ä
printing-r R` ° d ONLN dÊ Ø ∑ ª- )-elated functions, which ar â∞ ° d ONLN d Ø- ªt )ve located in the ˇˇd ∫ ° d ONLN d Øt ª )G QD GX Overview Print.c ˇˇÃP ≥† ° d ONLN d) Ø ª )çfi ≥† ° d ONLN d+ Ø ª )le. . ° d ONLN d/ º ä » ” ( ≈ äThis chapter intr õ ° d ONLN d@ º ” »¥ )I1oduces a few important concepts underlying the or ¿ ° d ONLN dq ºµ » )‚ganization of the ° d ONLN dÉ … ä ’ ‰ ( “ ämain and drawing fi 5‡ ° d ONLN dñ …  ’˚ )[Bles; the last chapter of this document, “Printing,” discusses the ° d ONLN dÿ ÷ ä ‚ ˛ ( fl äfunctions in the printing fi ®‡ ° d ONLN dÙ ÷ ˛ ‚ )tle.
. ° d ONLN d % ä1 ¬ (. ä The shell pr R` ° d ONLN d% ¬1U )8 ogram, which is located in the fi R` ° d ONLN d9%U1b )ìles R` ° d ONLN d<%b1Ï )
QD GX Overview Main.h R` ° d ONLN dS%Ï1˝ )äand R` ° d ONLN dV%˝1 ) ° d ONLN dW2 ä> ú (; äQD ° d ONLN dZ2 ú> )GX Overview Main.c ° d ONLN dl2>õ )l , implements most of the standar R` ° d ONLN då2õ>fl )ìd Macintosh pr $¿ ° d ONLN dö2fl> )D
ogramming . ° d ONLN d§? äKg (H ä3necessary for the sample application. In particular ` ° d ONLN d◊?fKÏ )‹", it initializes the Macintosh, cr ëÄ ° d ONLN d˘?ÌK )áeates ° d ONLN dˇL äX µ (U ä menus, cr h` ° d ONLN dL µX ˙ )+eates a window â ° d ONLN dL ˘XU )D, and handles events. ° d ONLN d,^ äj ≈ (g ä The menus cr $ ° d ONLN d8^ Δj] )<"eated by the sample application ar † ° d ONLN dZ^]ja )óe ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN d\t ä{ è (z än
° d ONLN d^q ñ} ¶ ) File
° d ONLN dcÜ äç è (å än
° d ONLN deÉ ñè ® ) Edit
° d ONLN djò äü è (û än
° d ONLN dlï ñ° ∞ ) Shape
° d ONLN dr™ ä± è (∞ än
° d ONLN dtß ñ≥ ´ ) Style
° d ONLN dzº ä√ è (¬ än
° d ONLN d|π ñ≈ § ) Ink
° d ONLN dÄŒ ä’ è (‘ än
° d ONLN dÇÀ ñ◊ ú ) T ∫¿ ° d ONLN dÉÀ õ◊ √ )ransform ° d ONLN då‹ äËö ( ä;The File and Edit menus have the usual menu items, which ar L‡ ° d ONLN d«‹õËÏ (Âõe disabled for this ° d ONLN d€È äı\ (Ú ä1application, with the exception of the printing-r Ć ° d ONLN d È\ıπ )“elated ones, which ar ø@ ° d ONLN d!Èπı¯ )]e described in ° d ONLN d0ˆ ä Î (ˇ äChapter 7, “Printing.” ° d ONLN dG äV *.The other four menus, Shape, Style, Ink, and T ~Ä ° d ONLN duVÒ )Ã"ransform, contain menu items that ° d ONLN dó ä!˘ ( äQdemonstrate the four basic QuickDraw GX objects. When the user selects an item fr å` ° d ONLN dˢ! ( ˘om ° d ONLN dÎ" ä. (+ ä one of these menus, the shell pr æ@ ° d ONLN d ".l )ãogram calls the corr @ ° d ONLN d "m.Ë )Xesponding sample drawing ° d ONLN d8/ ä; fl (8 äfunctions, which ar b† ° d ONLN dK/ fl; )Ue described thr fl† ° d ONLN dZ/ ;´ )A oughout the next four chapters. ° d ONLN dzA äM Ë (J äAlthough the shell pr Ì¿ ° d ONLN dèA ËM£ )^(ogram mostly handles typical Macintosh-r 9‡ ° d ONLN d∑A§MÀ )º elated pr Z¿ ° d ONLN d¿AÀM )'
ogramming ° d ONLN d N äZ ù (W ächor ¸ ° d ONLN dŒN ùZè )5es, so that you can concentrate on the QuickDraw GX-r ∑Ä ° d ONLN dNêZÿ )Ûelated ones, ther ° d ONLN dNŸZÈ )Ie ar ¿ ° d ONLN dNÈZ
)e a few ° d ONLN d [ ägÅ (d ä5QuickDraw GX tasks handled in the shell—in particular § ° d ONLN dU[Åg )˜ , initializing QuickDraw GX and ° d ONLN duh ät" (q ä!attaching a view port to a window ± ° d ONLN dñh!t‹ )ó,. The next two sections discuss these tasks.
. ° d ONLN d \ l h‘ ( e l<gGraphicsClient = GXNewGraphicsClient(nil, 250L * 1024, 0L); ° d ONLN d = t l Ä ÿ *GXEnterGraphics(); ° d ONLN d P å l ò Ä *The ° d ONLN d T å Ä ò Ú )GXNewGraphicsClient ° d ONLN d g å Ú ò‰ )r5 function sets up the graphics memory heap, in which . ° d ONLN d ú ô l • ƒ ( ¢ lQuickDraw GX stor X ° d ONLN d ≠ ô ƒ •È )XAes your application’s graphics objects. The QuickDraw GX heap is ° d ONLN d Ó ¶ l ≤ ö ( Ø l separate fr @ ° d ONLN d ˘ ¶ õ ≤ )/ om your application’s heap. . ° d ONLN d ∏ l ƒ ( ¡ l)It is not strictly necessary to call the ° d ONLN d? ∏ ƒÑ )¶GXNewGraphicsClient ° d ONLN dR ∏Ñ ƒ¯ )r function; if you don’t call ° d ONLN do ≈ l — ç ( Œ lit befor R` ° d ONLN dw ≈ ç — » )!e calling the R` ° d ONLN dÖ ≈ » —" );GXEnterGraphics R` ° d ONLN dî ≈" —‡ )Z* function, QuickDraw GX sets up a default . ° d ONLN dæ “ l fiˆ ( € lZgraphics heap for your application (which is based on your application’s ideal heap size). ˇˇÜ– . ° d ONLN d ‰ l *The ˇ˛îp – ° d ONLN d ‰ Ä ⁄ )GXEnterGraphics ˇˇÜ– – ° d ONLN d, ‰ ⁄ Î )Z: function otherwise initializes QuickDraw GX—in particular rP ° d ONLN df ‰Í ¯ ( ÌÍ, it . ° d ONLN dk Ò l ˝ ( ˙ l)initializes the default graphics objects. ° d ONLN dï lé *BWhen the user chooses to quit the sample application, the shell pr c‡ ° d ONLN d◊é” ( éogram calls the ° d ONLN dÁ l } ( lcorr ` ° d ONLN dÎ ~ @ ))esponding exit functions of QuickDraw GX: . ° d ONLN d' l3 “ (0 lGXExitGraphics(); ° d ONLN d,5 lAb *)GXDisposeGraphicsClient(gGraphicsClient); ° d ONLN dVM lY Ä *The ° d ONLN dZM ÄY ‘ )GXExitGraphics ° d ONLN dhM ‘Y )T? function disposes of any global variables and default objects ° d ONLN dßZ lf ˛ (c l used by QuickDraw GX, and the ° d ONLN d≈Z ˛fà )íGXDisposeGraphicsClient ° d ONLN d‹ZàfÓ )ä function disposes your . ° d ONLN dÙg ls ‘ (p lgraphics memory heap. ° d ONLN d
y lÖ è *For mor ¿ ° d ONLN dy êÖî )$>e information on these initialization and exit functions, see ÍÄ ° d ONLN dOyîÖfi (ÇîInside Macintosh: ° d ONLN daÜ lí Δ (è lQuickDraw GX Envir ` ° d ONLN dsÜ «í )[onment and Utilities Î@ ° d ONLN dáÜí )S. ° d ONLN dâò l§ † (° l The shell pr ´† ° d ONLN dïò †§à )44ogram also initializes some of the debugging and err ˆÄ ° d ONLN d…òà§ë )Ëor 1 ° d ONLN dÀòí§Ú )
-handling facilities of ° d ONLN d„• l± Ï (Æ lQuickDraw GX. In particular dž ° d ONLN d˛• ϱ
)Ä
, it calls . ° d ONLN d º l» (≈ lSetGraphicsLibraryErrors(); ° d ONLN d% l÷ * SetGraphicsLibraryNotices(); . ° d ONLN dC‚ lÓR *6These functions install the notice-, warning-, and err ` ° d ONLN dy‚SÓ\ )Áor T‡ ° d ONLN d{‚\Óø ) -handling functions pr ™‡ ° d ONLN dë‚øÓÓ )c
ovided by ° d ONLN dõÔ l˚ Í (¯ lthe QuickDraw GX libraries. ° d ONLN d∑ l
† * The shell pr ´† ° d ONLN d√ †
Ê )4ogram also calls . ° d ONLN d‘ l$J (! l%GXSetValidation(gxPublicValidation); . ° d ONLN d˙0 l<E *.This function causes QuickDraw GX to perform r „‡ ° d ONLN d(0E<“ )Ÿ"un-time validation for all of the ° d ONLN dJ= lI ¢ (F l
QuickDraw —† ° d ONLN dT= ¢Ifl )6IGX graphics (and typographic) function calls. Of course, this validation ° d ONLN dùJ lV‚ (S lSslows the application, but it is particularly useful when debugging a QuickDraw GX ° d ONLN dW lc † *
application.
à *è¯ 4â *è¯ ä lä¯
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d˝y là ≤ *$ Attaching V K: ° d ONLN dy ≤à
)Fiew Ports to W é> ° d ONLN dy
à4 )Xindows ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r )Ê2
° d ONLN d è lõ † (ò l The shell pr ´† ° d ONLN d*è †õ « )4ogram cr , ° d ONLN d2è »õ )(eates a standar p@ ° d ONLN dAè õÛ )A3d Macintosh window with the following line of code: . ° d ONLN du¶ l≤º (Ø l8gWindowOne = GetNewWindow(rWindow, nil, (WindowPtr) -1); ˇ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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° d ONLN d \ ä h ( e äIn QuickDraw GX, however ⁄¿ ° d ONLN d \ h^ ){, you don’t draw dir @ ° d ONLN d , \_ hÆ )Zectly to a window :‡ ° d ONLN d = \≠ h )N, but rather to a view . ° d ONLN d T i ä u Û ( r äport. QuickDraw GX pr R` ° d ONLN d i i Û u% )i ovides the ,
Courier R` ° d ONLN d t i% uó )2GXNewWindowViewPort R` ° d ONLN d á ió u“ )r function to cr $¿ ° d ONLN d ñ i“ u ); eate a view . ° d ONLN d ¢ v ä Ç> ( ä)port and attach it to a particular window ¬† ° d ONLN d À v= ÇB )≥. ° d ONLN d Œ à ä î∫ ( ë äASince the sample application draws every shape to the same window ¬` ° d ONLN d àπ îÔ ( ëπ, the shell pr † ° d ONLN d à î )7ogram ° d ONLN d# ï ä ° ö ( û ädefi r ° d ONLN d' ï õ °Å )4nes the view port attached to that window to be the ú† ° d ONLN d[ ïÅ °œ )Êdefault view port x¿ ° d ONLN dl ï– ° )O, by calling the . ° d ONLN d} ¢ ä Æ ˆ ( ´ äSetDefaultViewPort ° d ONLN dè ¢ ˆ Æ )l
function. ° d ONLN dö π ä ≈¬ ( ¬ ä4SetDefaultViewPort(GXNewWindowViewPort(gWindowOne)); . ° d ONLN d“ — ä › › *This line of code cr Õ ° d ONLN dÊ — › ›‘ )S9eates a new view port object, attaches it to the window r H† ° d ONLN d —’ ›Â )¯efer Ù¿ ° d ONLN d# — › ) enced by . ° d ONLN d, fi ä Í Â ( Á äthe global variable ° d ONLN d@ fi  Í! )[
gWindowOne ° d ONLN dJ fi! ͢ )<3, and adds it to the view port list of the default . ° d ONLN d} Î ä ˜i ( Ù ä2transform object. Since new shapes automatically r 2‡ ° d ONLN dØ Îj ˜z )‡efer fl ° d ONLN d≥ Îz ˜
)"ence the default transform object ° d ONLN d’ ¯ ä ¡ ( ä when you cr Ñ` ° d ONLN d‡ ¯ ¡ )7Geate them, QuickDraw GX draws each new shape in the sample application . ° d ONLN d' ä Î ( äto the window specifi ° d ONLN d< Î )a
° d ONLN dtT ä`— (] äIWhen the user of the sample application chooses a menu item, the shell pr ˇ ° d ONLN dΩT—` (]— ogram calls . ° d ONLN d…a äm ≤ (j äthe appr R` ° d ONLN d—a ≤m, )(opriate drawing function fr $¿ ° d ONLN dÏa,mM )zom the $¿ ° d ONLN dÛaMmπ )!QD Overview Draw.c $¿ ° d ONLN daπm¬ )l fi $¿ ° d ONLN da¬m ) le. These drawing . ° d ONLN dn äz fl (w äfunctions, which ar b† ° d ONLN d-n flzå )U)e described in the next four chapters, cr ¿ ° d ONLN dVnçz≠ )Æeate dif õ¿ ° d ONLN d^n≠zπ ) fer ~@ ° d ONLN danπzÔ )
ent types of ° d ONLN dn{ äáD (Ñ ä'QuickDraw GX shapes. Each function stor ⁄‡ ° d ONLN dï{DáZ )∫es a r ¶Ä ° d ONLN dõ{[ák )efer R† ° d ONLN dü{láÀ )ence to the shape it cr v‡ ° d ONLN d∂{Àᡠ)_
eates in the . ° d ONLN d√à äî ” (ë äglobal variable ° d ONLN d”à ”î ˜ )IgShape ° d ONLN dŸà ˜î ˙ )$: ° d ONLN d€ü ä´ ¥ (® ägxShape ° d ONLN dÂü ¿´ Í )6gShape; ° d ONLN dÌ∑ ä√ fi (¿ äWhen the shell pr R` ° d ONLN d˛∑ fi√ )Togram r $¿ ° d ONLN d∑ √§ )"&eceives an update event, it calls the $¿ ° d ONLN d+∑§√» )§DoDraw $¿ ° d ONLN d1∑»√ )$ function, which ° d ONLN dBƒ ä– ∞ (Õ ä uses the ° d ONLN dKƒ ∞– ‘ )&gShape ° d ONLN dQƒ ‘– )$ variable to r R` ° d ONLN d_ƒ–[ );edraw the most r $¿ ° d ONLN doƒ[–º )Lecently drawn shape: ° d ONLN dÑ€ äÁ fi (‰ ävoid DoDraw () ° d ONLN dìÈ äı ê *{ ° d ONLN dñ˜ ú™ +-if (GXGetShapeType (gShape) != gxEmptyType) { ° d ONLN d≈ ú> * GXValidateShape (gShape); ° d ONLN d‚ ú & * GXDrawShape (gShape); ° d ONLN d˚! ú- ¢ *} ° d ONLN d˝/ ä; ê (8 ä} . ° d ONLN dˇG äSY *3In addition to the initialization that the shell pr â@ ° d ONLN d2GYSˆ )œ&ogram does itself, it also allows the . ° d ONLN dXT ä` Æ (] äDraw.c ° d ONLN d^T Æ` ¥ )$ f PÄ ° d ONLN d`T ¥`Y )&ile to perform its own initialization: ° d ONLN dák äw (t ävoid DoInitialization() ° d ONLN düy äÖ ê *{ ° d ONLN d¢á úì +InitCommonColors(); ° d ONLN d∑ï ú°h *"gShape = GXNewShape (gxEmptyType); ° d ONLN d⁄£ äØ ê (¨ ä} ˇ > @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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Courier ° d ONLN d \ Ä h ‡ )InitCommonColors ° d ONLN d \ ‡ hÚ )`@ function initializes the color library functions, which you’ll . ° d ONLN d T i l u » ( r luse in Chapter 5, “Pr @ ° d ONLN d i i » u )\ ogramming W Z¿ ° d ONLN d t i u0 )@
ith Inks.” . ° d ONLN d { l á § ( Ñ l The shell pr R` ° d ONLN d ã { § á] )8*ogram also calls the following function fr $¿ ° d ONLN d µ {] á| )πom the $¿ ° d ONLN d ª {| áÙ ) QD Overview Draw.c . ° d ONLN d œ à l î r ( ë lfi å¿ ° d ONLN d — à r î ì )le befor û` ° d ONLN d Ÿ à ì î ˜ )!e the application quits: . ° d ONLN d Ú ü l ´ à ( ® lvoid DoDispose() ° d ONLN d ≠ l π r *{ ° d ONLN d ª ~ « +if (gShape != nil) ° d ONLN d … ~ ’ * GXDisposeShape (gShape); ° d ONLN d7 ◊ ~ „ *DisposeCommonColors(); ° d ONLN dN  l Ò r ( Ó l} ° d ONLN dP ˝ l } *Thr R` ° d ONLN dS ˝ } H ).oughout the next four chapters, you’ll see the R` ° d ONLN dÅ ˝H ¿ )À QD Overview Draw.c R` ° d ONLN dï ˝¿ « )xfi R` ° d ONLN dó ˝« „ )le one . ° d ONLN dû
l ( l'sample function at a time. Occasionally ‡ ° d ONLN d≈
õ )¨ , a new sample function will r Â` ° d ONLN d„
õ≤ )Éequir ¸† ° d ONLN dË
≤ˆ )e an additional ° d ONLN d¯ l# ï ( l include fi † ° d ONLN d ñ#ı )*Rle, global variable, or initialization or exit code. Remember that you can always . ° d ONLN dT$ l0 s (- lfi ° d ONLN dV$ s0 )#nd the complete sample code in the ° d ONLN dy$0Ö )†QD Overview Main.c ° d ONLN då$Ö0å )rfi ° d ONLN dé$å0∫ )
le and the ° d ONLN dò$∫0“ ). QD ° d ONLN dú1 l= à (: lOverview Draw.c ° d ONLN d¨1 Ã= – )`f PÄ ° d ONLN d≠1 –= ‡ )ile. ˇr @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
° d ONLN d !; ∫G ˛ (D ∫Drawing a Line n‡ ° d ONLN d 1;G )Y3-3 ° d ONLN d 5H ∫T (Q ∫Drawing a Rectangle Ä ° d ONLN d JH+T8 )q3-6 ° d ONLN d NU ∫a; (^ ∫Drawing a Framed Rectangle «† ° d ONLN d jUOa\ )ï3-8 ° d ONLN d nb ∫n (k ∫Drawing a Curve P` ° d ONLN d bn- )a3-10 ° d ONLN d Ño ∫{ (x ∫Drawing a Polygon ú` ° d ONLN d óo${1 )j3-1 c† ° d ONLN d öo1{6 )
1 ° d ONLN d ú| ∫à ˇ (Ö ∫Drawing a Path Ì ° d ONLN d ¨|à% )Y3-13 ° d ONLN d ±â ∫ï È (í ∫ Drawing T ÖÄ ° d ONLN d ∫â Èï ˆ )/ext ∫ ° d ONLN d øâ
ï )!3-15 ° d ONLN d ƒñ ∫¢ (ü ∫Drawing Glyphs x‡ ° d ONLN d ‘ñ¢* )^3-16 ° d ONLN d Ÿ£ ∫Ø( (¨ ∫Drawing a Layout Shape ñÄ ° d ONLN d Ò£<ØN )Ç3-19 ° d ONLN d ˆ∞ ∫º (π ∫Drawing a Bitmap Ï` ° d ONLN d∞ º1 )e3-22 ° d ONLN d
)JF. For example, the geometry of a geometric shape contains the shape’s ° d ONLN d• ä † ( äcontr >Ä ° d ONLN d™ ° )Uol points; the geometries of the typographic shapes contain the characters that make ° d ONLN dˇ ä ¯ ( äWup the text string, a starting position, and possibly some text style information; the ° d ONLN dV ä,Ï *
Ogeometries of bitmaps contain the pixel image, the bitmap dimension, and color ° d ONLN d•- ä9 Ò *
information; and so on. ° d ONLN dΩ? äK ≠ *Lines ar ° ° d ONLN d≈? ≠Kù )#6e geometric shapes; their geometries contain two contr D@ ° d ONLN d˚?ûK‹ )Ò
ol points—a fi _† ° d ONLN d ?‹K )>
rst point . ° d ONLN dL äX' (U ä!and a last point. QuickDraw GX pr R` ° d ONLN d4L'XY )ù ovides the ,
Courier R` ° d ONLN d?LYX} )2gxLine R` ° d ONLN dEL}Xã )$ str >` ° d ONLN dILãX° )uctur ¿ ° d ONLN dNL°XÚ )e to contain a line . ° d ONLN dbY äe ∂ (b ä geometry: . ° d ONLN dlp ä| Í *typedef struct { ° d ONLN d~~ úä à +fixed x; ° d ONLN dàå úò à *fixed y; ° d ONLN dëö ä¶ Δ (£ ä
} gxPoint; ° d ONLN dù∂ ä¬ Í * typedef struct { ° d ONLN d؃ ú– +gxPoint first; ° d ONLN dø“ úfi Í *
gxPoint last; ° d ONLN dÕ‡ äÏ ¿ (È ä } gxLine; ° d ONLN d◊¯ ä û *The ° d ONLN d€¯ û ⁄ )
o cr g` ° d ONLN d›AM® )#eate a line shape once you have defi g` ° d ONLN dA®M )£ned a line geometry K† ° d ONLN dAˇM )W, ° d ONLN dN äZ œ (W äyou can use the ° d ONLN d&N œZ )E GXNewLine ° d ONLN d/NZ§ )6$ function, which has this interface: ° d ONLN dTe äqn (n ä&gxShape GXNewLine(const gxLine *data); ° d ONLN d{} äâI *)The following code, which appears in the ° d ONLN d§}IâÖ )ø
CreateLine ° d ONLN dÆ}Ö†)< sample function, cr R` ° d ONLN d¬}€â )V eates a new ° d ONLN dŒä äñ ƒ (ì ä
line shape fr R` ° d ONLN d€ä ƒñ ):om the data in the R` ° d ONLN dÓäñb )V lineGeometry R` ° d ONLN d˙äbñp )H str >` ° d ONLN d˛äpñÜ )uctur ¿ ° d ONLN däÜñ ) e, and sets the global variable ° d ONLN d#ó ä£ Æ († ägShape ° d ONLN d)ó Æ£ ø )$ to r R` ° d ONLN d.ó ø£ — )efer $¿ ° d ONLN d2ó —£+ )ence the new shape. ° d ONLN dFÆ ä∫V (∑ ä"gShape = GXNewLine(&lineGeometry); ˇ9, @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
. ° d ONLN d \ l h ú ( e l Listing 3-1 ° d ONLN d \ ú h )0 shows the complete defi ° d ONLN d # \ hE )onition of the ,
Courier ° d ONLN d 1 \E hÅ ):
CreateLine ° d ONLN d ; \Å h¯ )< function, which the shell ° d ONLN d V i l u v ( r lpr R` ° d ONLN d X i v u µ )
ogram (in the R` ° d ONLN d f i µ u9 )?QD GX Overview Main.c R` ° d ONLN d | i9 u@ )Ñfi R` ° d ONLN d ~ i@ uv )le) calls in r $¿ ° d ONLN d å iv uı )6 esponse to the user selecting . ° d ONLN d ™ v l Ç ˘ ( l the “Draw a Line” menu item fr Z¿ ° d ONLN d » v ˘ Ç] )çom the “Shape” menu.
• * ≠¯ 4 ¶ * ≠¯ " ¶ *_
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° d ONLN d › õ l ¶ ò ( £ l Listing 3-1 . ° d ONLN d È õ ∞ ¶ ¡ )DThe ° d ONLN d Ì õ ¡ ¶ ˝ )
CreateLine ° d ONLN d ˜ õ ˝ ¶ )< function
° d ONLN d µ l ¡ “ ( æ lvoid CreateLine() ° d ONLN d √ l œ r *{ ° d ONLN d — ~ › ¢ +gxLine ° d ONLN d — ¢ ›Œ )$2lineGeometry = {ff(25), ff(25), ff(125), ff(125)}; ° d ONLN dT Ì ~ ˘ ˆ ( ˆ ~InvalidWindowRect(); ° d ONLN dk ~ * if (gShape != nil) ° d ONLN dÅ ê# +GXDisposeShape(gShape); ° d ONLN dú3 ~?J (< ~"gShape = GXNewLine(&lineGeometry); ° d ONLN d¬O ~[ * CenterShapeInWindow(); ° d ONLN dŸ] li r (f l} . ° d ONLN d€u lÅ Ñ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN d‡u ÑÅ ò )e 3-1 @ ° d ONLN dÂu òÅ Õ ) shows the r *Ä ° d ONLN dÒu ŒÅ/ )6esults of this function.
£ *¥¯ 4§ *¥¯ "§ *]
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° d ONLN d
ô l§ ñ (° l
Figure 3-1 ° d ONLN dô Ƨ ¥ )BA 0 ° d ONLN dô ¥§ fl ) line shape
. ° d ONLN d#T l` Ä (] lThe ° d ONLN d'T Ä` º )
CreateLine ° d ONLN d1T º` Î )< function fi ° d ONLN d=T Î` )/
rst declar R` ° d ONLN dGT`3 )+es the R` ° d ONLN dNT3`{ ) lineGeometry R` ° d ONLN dZT{`â )H str >` ° d ONLN d^Tâ`ü )uctur ¿ ° d ONLN dcTü`ˆ )e and initializes it ° d ONLN dxa lm Ö (j lwith ° d ONLN d}a Öm £ )fixed ° d ONLN dÇa £m, ) values using QuickDraw GX’s ° d ONLN düa,m8 )âff ° d ONLN d°a8mX ) () macr R` ° d ONLN d®aXm≤ ) o. Then, it calls the ° d ONLN dæn lz “ (w lInvalidWindowRect ° d ONLN dœn “z )f
function (pr R` ° d ONLN d‹nzh )6ovided for you in the R` ° d ONLN dÚnhzÏ )`QD GX Overview Main.c . ° d ONLN d{ lá r (Ñ lfi å¿ ° d ONLN d
{ r᧠)Ele) to invalidate the window and causes an update event. The shell pr ¿ ° d ONLN dO{•á» (Ñ•ogram r - ° d ONLN dV{»áÔ )#esponds . ° d ONLN d^à lî ˘ (ë l to update events by calling the ° d ONLN d~à ˘î )çDoDraw ° d ONLN dÑà îú )$ function, which is shown in ° d ONLN d°àúîà ) Listing 3-2 ° d ONLN d¨àÃîœ )0.
Â Ä·Ä {⁄ Ê Ä@ â⁄ Ê ÄÄ ä⁄ Ê Äů@BΔº › Ê ÄÉ)†#I–› Ê ¡Q¡Q"‡› ò H @8 @8¯ˇ´8„
Ê A ⁄ì•‹ Ê „˜ë¬‰çX‡› fl @‹ fl @‹ fl ‡‹ π π „ ÿ Ê ¿ ˛ =Å¿ „ Ê Ä 1 „ Ê 0 ¿ a
0‡ Ê 7lfÿÕoH@ 0Œ—±˙@Â Ê bd¥òœ€H« '⁄ˇìZ@Â Ê bÕá1çì¬ cº«7üÄÂ Ê «È≠3 ª`F&√0Ü&‰ Ê ŒÕ¸Ú@8o Ñ;“‰ Ê ÷ Ê ¿÷ π π π π π Ê
Ä √Ä fl Ê
« @fl Ê
` ÄÄfl Ê .v)¡R4ΔπÃu¿‡ Ê 6í”AVmbŸ∂ñ¿‡ Ê $FóÅdÀëfDć Ê o%ælflEªÂ-¿‡ Ê M«”√Nyá39Õć π π π π π π Ê é˛ é q¬˛ „ Ê €$ Ñ 2e „ Â
≥d @ MÄ „ Ê 6x>ÓK‡aç᛿Á|Â Ê ûò6“Ii†`Ÿ⁄@i≠lÂ Ê åò$àÛK¿@€ë KfiHÂ Ê ê)ÂÉbfl ƒä<∞flPÂ Ê ``qπÇCÈÌÁ 70iԇ „ @˝ ˝ Ä „ @˝ ˝ Ä „ ‡˙ ˛ ¿Â π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H @ Ä8 @ Ä88ˇ´x„ π π Â Ä p–¸ ‡ Â Ä ˛ ‡ Ê Ä ¿· Ê
áflg ñÔˆwh \¿‚ Ê
Ü€M €m¶mx m`‚ Ê ƒí^ “I,^` K· Ê
≈¯l∂Í~¯FflL‚ Ê
Ó8œá4‹lœΔ<ôå‚ Â ˝ fl  ˝ fl  p˝ 8‹ π π π π Ê ‡ ‡ ( >„ Ê 0 @ $ P Â Ê 0 @ dÄ ∞ `1Ä Â Ê √ZÒ≠h0∑ŸÓ °º1≥\g3@Á Ê ffi€oÿ€I∂ °¯1ìÙ∂€¿Á Ê lòñMêåíQ$Òêc3yÖõÊ Ê m—¶È∏â∑sÓ¡18f"aØíÊ Ê á∞√ÿÒ¶cl√{0¯><ÃÊÊ fi @ Äfl fl Äfi π π π π Ê áÄ ˛ ˜‡‡ Ê É d˛ b@ @„ Ê ( l @ b@ Ä„ Ê HkKç[ÄΔ˚ Ù◊3@Â Ê XŸ çõmăì%Ω∂€¿Â Ê ëì‰* 2I ƒñ3%õ‰ Ê ±∫ N ∑€·èˇK£í‰ Ê
Ê A ⁄ì•‹ Ê „˜ë¬‰çX‡› fl @‹ fl @‹ fl ‡‹ π π „ ÿ Ê ¿ ˛ =Å¿ „ Ê Ä 1 „ Ê 0 ¿ a
0‡ Ê 7lfÿÕoH@ 0Œ—±˙@Â Ê bd¥òœ€H« '⁄ˇìZ@Â Ê bÕá1çì¬ cº«7üÄÂ Ê «È≠3 ª`F&√0Ü&‰ Ê ŒÕ¸Ú@8o Ñ;“‰ Ê ÷ Ê ¿÷ π π π π π Ê
Ä √Ä fl Ê
« @fl Ê
` ÄÄfl Ê .v)¡R4ΔπÃu¿‡ Ê 6í”AVmbŸ∂ñ¿‡ Ê $FóÅdÀëfDć Ê o%ælflEªÂ-¿‡ Ê M«”√Nyá39Õć π π π π π π Ê é˛ é q¬˛ „ Ê €$ Ñ 2e „ Â
≥d @ MÄ „ Ê 6x>ÓK‡aç᛿Á|Â Ê ûò6“Ii†`Ÿ⁄@i≠lÂ Ê åò$àÛK¿@€ë KfiHÂ Ê ê)ÂÉbfl ƒä<∞flPÂ Ê ``qπÇCÈÌÁ 70iԇ „ @˝ ˝ Ä „ @˝ ˝ Ä „ ‡˙ ˛ ¿Â π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H @ Ä8 @ Ä88ˇ´x„ π π Â Ä p–¸ ‡ Â Ä ˛ ‡ Ê Ä ¿· Ê
áflg ñÔˆwh \¿‚ Ê
Ü€M €m¶mx m`‚ Ê ƒí^ “I,^` K· Ê
≈¯l∂Í~¯FflL‚ Ê
Ó8œá4‹lœΔ<ôå‚ Â ˝ fl  ˝ fl  p˝ 8‹ π π π π Ê ‡ ‡ ( >„ Ê 0 @ $ P Â Ê 0 @ dÄ ∞ `1Ä Â Ê √ZÒ≠h0∑ŸÓ °º1≥\g3@Á Ê ffi€oÿ€I∂ °¯1ìÙ∂€¿Á Ê lòñMêåíQ$Òêc3yÖõÊ Ê m—¶È∏â∑sÓ¡18f"aØíÊ Ê á∞√ÿÒ¶cl√{0¯><ÃÊÊ fi @ Äfl fl Äfi π π π π Ê áÄ ˛ ˜‡‡ Ê É d˛ b@ @„ Ê ( l @ b@ Ä„ Ê HkKç[ÄΔ˚ Ù◊3@Â Ê XŸ çõmăì%Ω∂€¿Â Ê ëì‰* 2I ƒñ3%õ‰ Ê ±∫ N ∑€·èˇK£í‰ Ê
° d ONLN d \ ä g ∂ ( d ä Listing 3-2 . ° d ONLN d \ Œ g fl )DThe ,
Courier ° d ONLN d \ fl g )DoDraw ° d ONLN d \ g& )$ function
° d ONLN d ! v ä Ç ÿ ( ä
void DoDraw() ° d ONLN d / Ñ ä ê ê *{ ° d ONLN d 2 í ú û™ +-if (GXGetShapeType (gShape) != gxEmptyType) { ° d ONLN d a † ú ¨> * GXValidateShape (gShape); ° d ONLN d ~ Æ ú ∫& * GXDrawShape (gShape); ° d ONLN d ó º ú » ¢ *} ° d ONLN d ô ä ÷ ê ( ” ä} ° d ONLN d õ ‚ ä Ó Ì *This function uses the ° d ONLN d ≤ ‚ Ì Ó/ )c GXDrawShape ° d ONLN d Ω ‚/ Ó∞ )B function to draw the shape r R` ° d ONLN d ⁄ ‚∞ Ó¬ )Åefer $¿ ° d ONLN d fi ‚¬ Ó¸ )
enced by the ° d ONLN d Î Ô ä ˚ Æ ( ¯ ägShape ° d ONLN d Ò Ô Æ ˚ï )$5 global variable (as long as that variable does not r R` ° d ONLN d& Ôï ˚ß )Áefer $¿ ° d ONLN d* Ôß ˚ )ence an empty shape). ° d ONLN d@ ä
(
ä After invalidating the window ï ° d ONLN d]
. )ç, the ï ° d ONLN dc.
j )
CreateLine ï ° d ONLN dmj
ö )< function cr g` ° d ONLN dyö
)0eates a new line shape ° d ONLN dê ä é ( är R` ° d ONLN dë é † )efer $¿ ° d ONLN dï †# ) enced by the global variable $¿ ° d ONLN d≤#G )ÉgShape $¿ ° d ONLN d∏GJ )$. ˇˇÕ@ ° d ONLN d∫ ä, ≠ () äFinally d@ ° d ONLN d¡ ¨, ¬ )", the ˇˇg¿ ˛¿ ° d ONLN d« ¬, ˛ )
CreateLine ˇˇÕ@ ˛¿ ° d ONLN d— ˛,„ )<4 function moves the line to the center of the window @ ° d ONLN d „, )Â
, by calling ° d ONLN d- ä9 ú (6 äthe ° d ONLN d- ú9 )CenterShapeInWindow ° d ONLN d)-9c )r function, shown in ° d ONLN d=-c9ì )U Listing 3-3 ° d ONLN dH-ì9ò )0.
\ Hd 4] Hd "] H_
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. ° d ONLN dKR ä] ∂ (Z ä Listing 3-3 . ° d ONLN dWR Œ] fl )DThe ° d ONLN d[R fl]Q )CenterShapeInWindow ° d ONLN dnRQ]t )r function
} √â ≈ )9. ° d ONLN d è äõ ≠ (ò äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN dè ÆõÛ )$Je information about shapes in general, see the chapter “Shape Objects” in Î ° d ONLN d]èÛõ
° d ONLN d \ l h r ( e lY @Ä ° d ONLN d \ r h ó )ou can fi Ä ° d ONLN d
\ ò h  )&nd out about mor å¿ ° d ONLN d \  hÚ )M<e utility functions by examining the QuickDraw GX libraries ° d ONLN d V i l u x ( r ldir I ° d ONLN d Y i y u ç )
° d ONLN d v ∏ l ƒ r ( ¡ lY @Ä ° d ONLN d w ∏ r ƒ ê )ou defi /@ ° d ONLN d ~ ∏ ë ƒ ) ne a QuickDraw GX r ≠Ä ° d ONLN d ë ∏ ƒµ )_*ectangle in much the same way that you defi ‡ ° d ONLN d º ∏∂ ƒˆ )Δne a line: a set ° d ONLN d Õ ≈ l — ‘ ( Œ lof two points. However ï† ° d ONLN d „ ≈ ‘ — Û )h , for a r † ° d ONLN d Ï ≈ Ù —Y ) ectangle, these points r ˇ ° d ONLN d ≈X —f )depr è‡ ° d ONLN d ≈g —√ )esent corners of the r dž ° d ONLN d ≈√ —Í )\ ectangle ° d ONLN d& “ l fi • ( € l
rather than fi 4Ä ° d ONLN d4 “ ¶ fi ):rst and last points. See ° d ONLN dM “ fi9 )e Listing 3-4 ` ° d ONLN dX “: fi? )/.
* ¯ 4 * ¯ " *_
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
° d ONLN d[ ˜ l ò ( ˇ l Listing 3-4 . ° d ONLN dg ˜ ∞ ¡ )DThe ,
Courier ° d ONLN dk ˜ ¡ )CreateRectangle ° d ONLN dz ˜> )Z function
CreateLine ° d ONLN d†Ù¨ˆ )< ° d ONLN d≠ lπ ù (∂ l function in ° d ONLN d&≠ ùπ Õ )1 Listing 3-1 ° d ONLN d1≠ Õπ ‰ )0: the ° d ONLN d7≠ ‰π> )CreateRectangle ° d ONLN dF≠>π£ )Z function begins by defi ° d ONLN d^≠£πÔ )ening the shape’s
Í Ú · È Úà »· È ÚU P· π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H@ Ä1@ Ä1§ˇØ‰· π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π  @`Ÿ  °ÄŸ  ≥ÿ  ∑ÄŸ  .¿Ÿ  {l¿Ÿ  ÅLÄŸ  ?Åáÿ π π π π π ò HÄ º1Ä º1‰ˇØ · π π
 ~` CÄCê›
 2` §¿§–›
 ` ∞Å∞»›
 xflÅ≥∞à›
 hs!É!›
 ¿‹aªb›
 ¿∞¡IDH›
 ‡¸¡éèê› Â &˝ ›  &˝ @› „ ÿ π π π  ‡˛ =Äfl  ˛ DÄfl  0 Ä Efi  ¿çΔº:!c^·  ÉRâ“h§âh·  ÇC†ë(îpâ(ëp·  Çd'¨fÄäI“Ä·  3Δ3ô
H‰qrF¨p· ‡ ˛ ‡ ‡ ˛ ‡
fl ‡˛ p‡ π π π ‚ Ÿ Â Ä >˛ {Ä 0‰  @ ˛ b2@ 0‰  ` 1Ä ¬ `·  nÿÕ±öfiêÄ aù£cÙÄÊ Â ƒ…i1ü∂ëéOµˇ&¥ÄÊ Â ≈õc'·Ñ,«yéo?  è”Zfv¿åL Üa L6 Â
ùõ¯1‰Äpfi?w§Â  @◊  Ä◊ π π π π Â
8á
‡ Â
é ć Â
¿ î ‡  \ÏSǧiçsòÎÄ·  m%¶Ç¨⁄≈≥m-Ä· Â
Hç/…ñ
"Ã⇠ fiK|Ÿæãw [Ä· Â
<õèßÜúÛfsõ‡ π π π π π π π ò H @1 @1 ˇØ`·  0˛ q‡ Ä  ∂H @ ö ‰  f» Ä Ä ‰  l}‹ñ)¿¡˜p9flÊ Â =0m§í”@ ¡∂êk[Ê Â 0IÊóÄ@¡$@˜íÊ Â 1 SÀ≈æ0åÅO,7ΔÊ Â ¿¿„sá”ÿy˜çÃ{¯Ê ‚ Ä˝ ˝ Ê ‚ Ä˝ ˝ Ê „ ¿˙ ˝ pÊ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π  ‡†¸ ·  @@˛ ·  @ @ @
Ä‚ Â
æŒ-flÏÓ–πÄ„ Â
∂ö
∂€L⁄⁄¿„  â$º§íXº¿ñ‚ Â
ä)Ÿm‘˝å1æò„ Â
‹qûi∏Ÿüåy3„ ‰ @˝ ‡ ‰ @˝ ‡ ‰ 8‡˝ p› π π π  ¿¿ 4 P @ |0‰  ` Ä H † @"0 Ê Â ` Ä … ` ¿c Ê Â Üµ„Z–ao≥‹Cxcf∏ŒfÄË Â ÕΩ∂fl∞1∂ìlCc'Èm∑ÄË Â Ÿ1,õ!$¢H„ ΔfÛ 6Á  €£M”qnÁ›ÇbpÃD√_$Á  aá±·„LΔŸÜˆa|yôÃÁ › Äfl fi fl π π π π π  î Ô¿·  8 »˛ ƒÄ ĉ  P ÿ Ä ƒÄ ‰ Â
ê÷ 6 ó∑çˆ;ÈÆfÄÊ Â
±≤ €â&K{m∑ÄÊ Â #'»Tdíâ,"fK6 ò H @ Ä1 @ Ä1`ˇØ†·  ctú7o∑√ ˛óFˇ$  qÁ?ò<6=¶«õlÊ√ŸÃÂ
‹qûi∏Ÿüåy3„ ‰ @˝ ‡ ‰ @˝ ‡ ‰ 8‡˝ p› π π π  ¿¿ 4 P @ |0‰  ` Ä H † @"0 Ê Â ` Ä … ` ¿c Ê Â Üµ„Z–ao≥‹Cxcf∏ŒfÄË Â ÕΩ∂fl∞1∂ìlCc'Èm∑ÄË Â Ÿ1,õ!$¢H„ ΔfÛ 6Á  €£M”qnÁ›ÇbpÃD√_$Á  aá±·„LΔŸÜˆa|yôÃÁ › Äfl fi fl π π π π π  î Ô¿·  8 »˛ ƒÄ ĉ  P ÿ Ä ƒÄ ‰ Â
ê÷ 6 ó∑çˆ;ÈÆfÄÊ Â
±≤ €â&K{m∑ÄÊ Â #'»Tdíâ,"fK6 ò H @ Ä1 @ Ä1`ˇØ†·  ctú7o∑√ ˛óFˇ$  qÁ?ò<6=¶«õlÊ√ŸÃÂ
° d ONLN d \ ä h ¥ ( e ägeometry î@ ° d ONLN d \ ≥ h? )) , it then invalidates the window Ó† ° d ONLN d ( \> hK )ã, cr #‡ ° d ONLN d , \L hÒ )%eates a shape to contain the geometry m` ° d ONLN d Q \ h )§, sets . ° d ONLN d X i ä u ¡ ( r ä the shape fi ° d ONLN d d i ¡ us )7'll, and centers the shape in the window ï ° d ONLN d ã ir ué )±. Like ,
Courier ï ° d ONLN d í ié u )
CreateLine ï ° d ONLN d ú i u
)<, this function ˇˇ¡– ° d ONLN d ¨ v ä Ç ˇ ( äleaves the drawing to the ˇˇEp I ° d ONLN d Δ v Ç$ )vDoDraw ˇˇ¡– I ° d ONLN d à v$ Ç£ )$ function, which the shell pr ‰Ä ° d ONLN d È v£ ÇÁ )ogram calls in r ¸P ° d ONLN d ˘ vÁ Ç )D esponse to . ° d ONLN d É ä è ( å äupdate events. . ° d ONLN d ï ä ° † *Ther R` ° d ONLN d ï † ° Î )e is one major dif $¿ ° d ONLN d) ï Î ° ¯ )Kfer ˜ ° d ONLN d, ï ˜ °E ) ence between the ˜ ° d ONLN d= ïE °Å )N
CreateLine ˜ ° d ONLN dG ïÅ °® )< and the ˜ ° d ONLN dP ï® ° )'CreateRectangle ˜ ° d ONLN d_ ï ° )Z ° d ONLN d` ¢ ä Æa ( ´ ä-functions: the way they invalidate the window ï ° d ONLN dç ¢` ÆÉ )÷. When ï ° d ONLN dî ¢É Æø )#
CreateLine ï ° d ONLN dû ¢ø Æ˝ )< was the only ° d ONLN d¨ Ø ä ªn ( ∏ ä3drawing function, it was enough simply to call the ° d ONLN dfl Øn ª‘ )‰InvalidWindowRect ° d ONLN d Ø‘ ªˇ )f function, . ° d ONLN d˚ º ä » Ÿ ( ≈ äwhich the shell pr ü† ° d ONLN d
º Ÿ » )Oogram pr ≤ ° d ONLN d º »M ))ovides. However e ° d ONLN d$ ºM »ç )K, now that ther ˚Ä ° d ONLN d3 ºç »ù )@e ar
° d ONLN d7 ºû »˝ )e two shapes that the . ° d ONLN dM … ä ’" ( “ ä sample application user can draw ï ° d ONLN dm …! ’8 )ó, the ï ° d ONLN ds …8 ’\ )DoDraw ï ° d ONLN dy …\ ’‡ )$ function needs to erase the pr g` ° d ONLN dò …‡ ’ˇ )Ñevious . ° d ONLN dü ÷ ä ‚ Ω ( fl ä shape befor π¿ ° d ONLN d™ ÷ Ω ‚ )3Le drawing the next one. The sample application implements this by declaring ° d ONLN dˆ „ ä Ô ( Ï ä"a second global variable that stor ` ° d ONLN d „ Ô˚ )í6es a copy of the original shape and sets its color to ° d ONLN dN ä ¸ ® ( ˘ äwhite: . ° d ONLN dV ä *gxShape gEraserShape; ° d ONLN dl ä+ û *The ° d ONLN dp û+ Ê ) gEraserShape ° d ONLN d| Ê+ )H shape is cr R` ° d ONLN dà +ô )2 eated and initialized in the ° d ONLN d•, ä8 (5 äSetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ° d ONLN dæ, 8u )ñ function, shown in ° d ONLN d“,u8• )U Listing 3-5 ° d ONLN d›,•8® )0.
[ Hc 4\ Hc "\ H_
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
. ° d ONLN dflQ ä\ ∂ (Y ä Listing 3-5 . ° d ONLN dÎQ Œ\ fl )DThe ° d ONLN dÔQ fl\u )SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ° d ONLN dQu\ò )ñ function
° d ONLN dk äwP (t ä!void SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow () ° d ONLN d5y äÖ ê *{ ° d ONLN d8á úìû ++if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxEmptyType) ° d ONLN deï ú° ¢ *{ ° d ONLN di£ Æ؇ +3gEraserShape = GXCopyToShape(gEraserShape, gShape); ° d ONLN dû± úΩ ® (∫ ú ° d ONLN d°± ÆΩ∂ ),SetShapeCommonColor (gEraserShape, gxWhite); ° d ONLN dœø úÀ ¢ (» ú} ° d ONLN d“Õ úŸ *InvalidWindowRect (); ° d ONLN dË€ äÁ ê (‰ ä} ° d ONLN dÍÛ äˇ ë *Y ï ° d ONLN dÎÛ êˇ ÷ )ou should be sur g` ° d ONLN d˚Û ÷ˇ Ï )Fe to r 9¿ ° d ONLN dÛ Ïˇ= )eplace the call to 9¿ ° d ONLN dÛ=ˇ£ )QInvalidWindowRect 9¿ ° d ONLN d%Û£ˇΔ )f in your 9¿ ° d ONLN d.ÛΔˇ )#
CreateLine 9¿ ° d ONLN d8Ûˇ )< ° d ONLN d9 ä ( ä function with a call to the ° d ONLN dU ò )xSetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ° d ONLN dn ò ˙ )ñ function—in case the . ° d ONLN dÑ
ä ( äUsample application user chooses the Draw a Line menu item after the Draw a Rectangle ° d ONLN dŸ ä& º *
menu item. . ° d ONLN d‰, ä8 ê *T ï ° d ONLN dÂ, è8 )o update the window corr g` ° d ONLN d˝,8 )rectly K† ° d ONLN d,8. ), the K† ° d ONLN d,.8R )DoDraw K† ° d ONLN d,R8 )$, function has only to draw the eraser shape . ° d ONLN d:9 äE ° (B äbefor _† ° d ONLN d?9 °E& ) e drawing the new shape. See ‘ ° d ONLN d\9&ET )Ö Listing 3-6 t@ ° d ONLN dg9UEW )/.
h Hp 4i Hp "i H_
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
° d ONLN di^ äi ∂ (f ä Listing 3-6 . ° d ONLN du^ Œi fl )DThe ° d ONLN dy^ fli )DoDraw ° d ONLN d^i& )$ function
° d ONLN däx äÑ ÿ (Å ä
void DoDraw() ° d ONLN dòÜ äí ê *{ ° d ONLN dõî ú†8 +if (gEraserShape != nil) { ° d ONLN d∑¢ úÆb *! GXValidateShape (gEraserShape); ° d ONLN d⁄∞ úºJ * GXDrawShape (gEraserShape); ˇ, @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
. ° d ONLN d \ ~ h Ñ ( e ~} ° d ONLN d x ~ Ñå * -if (GXGetShapeType (gShape) != gxEmptyType) { ° d ONLN d 3 Ü ~ í * GXValidateShape (gShape); ° d ONLN d P î ~ † * GXDrawShape (gShape); ° d ONLN d i ¢ ~ Æ Ñ *} ° d ONLN d k ∞ l º r ( π l} ° d ONLN d m » l ‘ s *Y ï ° d ONLN d n » r ‘ ‚ )ou must also update your ï ° d ONLN d á » ‚ ‘* )p DoInitialize ï ° d ONLN d ì »* ‘? )H and ï ° d ONLN d ò »? ‘u ) DoDispose ï ° d ONLN d ° »u ‘· )6 functions to include the ° d ONLN d ª ’ l · ¥ ( fi l gEraserShape ° d ONLN d « ’ ¥ · “ )H object. . ° d ONLN d – Á l Û è ( lFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d ◊ Á ê Û Ó )$e information about r ` ° d ONLN d Ï Á Ó Û„ )^7ectangle shapes, see the chapter “Geometric Shapes” in ° d ONLN d# Ù l ( ˝ l'Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics ° d ONLN dJ Ù ! )≥.
° d ONLN diC lO â (L lThe pr LJ ° d ONLN doC âO‹ ) Noperties of the shape object determine not only the type of the shape and the ° d ONLN dΩP l\ Ç (Y lcontr >Ä ° d ONLN d¬P É\ Ó )ol points of its geometry íÄ ° d ONLN d€P Ì\ò )j', but also how the shape is framed or fi Ó ° d ONLN dPò\– )´lled. In fact, ° d ONLN d] li Ω (f lQuickDraw GX pr e` ° d ONLN d"] ΩiS )Q ovides a number of methods for fi é ° d ONLN dC]Si‹ )ñ lling a shape. Some common fi 6 ° d ONLN da]›i )äll ° d ONLN ddj lv è (s ltypes ar ü@ ° d ONLN dlj èv ì )#e ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN dnÄ lá q (Ü ln
. ° d ONLN dp} xâ ® ) gxNoFill ° d ONLN dx} ®â ≈ )0 specif PÄ ° d ONLN d} ≈â^ ) $ies that the geometry is not to be f ! ° d ONLN d£}^âÛ )ô illed at all; QuickDraw GX does ° d ONLN d√â xï  (í xnot draw shapes with a ° d ONLN d⁄â Âï )mgxNoFill ° d ONLN d‚âï< )0 shape fi ° d ONLN dÎâ<ïI )'ll. R` ° d ONLN dÔâIïP )
Y g` ° d ONLN dâOï∂ )ou can use this shape fi g` ° d ONLN dâ∂ïÎ )g
ll to hide a . ° d ONLN dï x° µ (û xshape or to pr ¡@ ° d ONLN d#ï µ° )=event part of a pictur x@ ° d ONLN d9ï° )]e fr ⁄¿ ° d ONLN d=ï °X ) om drawing.
° d ONLN dI™ l± q (∞ ln
ˇˇœ" . ° d ONLN dKß x≥ ¿ ) gxHollowFill ˇˇÔ∂ ° d ONLN dWß ¿≥ ‹ )H specif @6 ° d ONLN d^ß ›≥ä ) $ies that QuickDraw GX should interpr ¡$ ° d ONLN dÇßä≥˜ )≠et the shape’s geometry . ° d ONLN dö≥ xø∂ (º xHas a closed frame—a set of lines and curves connecting the shape’s contr † ° d ONLN d‚≥∑ø‚ (º∑ ol points, ° d ONLN dÌø xÀ/ (» x*including a line or curve connecting the fi c† ° d ONLN dø0ÀT )∏ rst contr ° d ONLN d!øUÀΔ )%ol point and the last contr VÄ ° d ONLN d<øΔÀˆ )q ol point of ° d ONLN dHÀ x◊ ∞ (‘ x each contour ∂† ° d ONLN dTÀ ∞◊Ö )81. The example function in this section, shown in º` ° d ONLN dÖÀÖ◊≥ )’ Listing 3-7 \† ° d ONLN dêÀ¥◊fl )/ , uses the . ° d ONLN dõ◊ x„ ¿ (‡ x gxHollowFill ° d ONLN dß◊ ¿„ ‰ )H shape f PÄ ° d ONLN dØ◊ ‰„O )$ill to specify a framed r "‡ ° d ONLN d»◊O„x )k ectangle.
. ° d ONLN d“Ï lÛ q (Ú ln
. ° d ONLN d‘È xı “ ) gxOpenFrameFill ° d ONLN d„È “ı Ô )Z specif PÄ ° d ONLN dÍÈ ÔıÍ ) 5ies that QuickDraw GX should frame the shape but not . ° d ONLN d ı x ≤ (˛ x
connect the fi n‡ ° d ONLN d-ı ≥ ˝ );rst and last contr t@ ° d ONLN d?ı ˝j )Jol points of each contour ‡ ° d ONLN dXıj¶ )m. This shape fi @ ° d ONLN dgıßÕ )=
ll is appr ¿† ° d ONLN dqıÕÓ )&opriate ° d ONLN dy x
h (
x6for lines and curves, and for open polygons and paths.
° d ONLN d∞ l q ( ln
ˇ˛Kh . ° d ONLN d≤ x ∫ ) gxSolidFill ˇˇnx ° d ONLN dΩ ∫ y )B) species that QuickDraw GX should interpr È0 ° d ONLN dÊy ˜ )ø et the shape’s geometry as a . ° d ONLN d x+ ô (( xsolid ar d ° d ONLN d ô+ — )! ea. However ∫@ ° d ONLN d –+
)7, this shape fi ⁄@ ° d ONLN d%
+; ): ll doesn’t fi *† ° d ONLN d2 <+M )2ll ar @` ° d ONLN d7 M+e )eas cr ¸@ ° d ONLN d= e+Û ) eated when a shape’s boundary ° d ONLN d[+ x7
(4 x"overlaps itself, as shown in Figur b‡ ° d ONLN d}+
7n )íe 1-1 in the chapter “Fr . ° d ONLN dï+o7˜ )eom QuickDraw to QuickDraw ° d ONLN dØ7 xC ƒ (@ xGX” in this book.
° d ONLN d¡L lS q (R ln
ˇ˛0™ . ° d ONLN d√I xU Δ )
gxWindingFill ˇˇeé ° d ONLN d–I ΔU ˆ )N also specif ú ° d ONLN d‹I ˜UÅ )1 ies that QuickDraw GX interpr Ñ4 ° d ONLN d˘IÅU˜ )äet the shape’s geometry as ˇˇª¬ ° d ONLN dU xa ¢ (^ x
a solid ar …‰ ° d ONLN d U ¢a ¡ )*ea, but ˇˇ3F Ah ° d ONLN d&U ¬a )
gxWindingFill ˇˇª¬ Ah ° d ONLN d3Ua- )N also fi ∏Ï ° d ONLN d;U-a5 ) ll ˇˇ3F ∏Ï ° d ONLN d=U5a; )s ˇˇª¬ ∏Ï ° d ONLN d>U;aF ) ar G ° d ONLN dAUGa_ ) eas cr ’0 ° d ONLN dGU_a˜ ) eated when the shape’s boundary . ° d ONLN dga xm ∏ (j xoverlaps itself. . ° d ONLN dxr l~ Ω ({ lQuickDraw GX pr R` ° d ONLN dár Ω~ Ô )Q ovides the R` ° d ONLN dír Ô~C )2GXGetShapeFill R` ° d ONLN d†rC~X )T and R` ° d ONLN d•rX~¨ )GXSetShapeFill R` ° d ONLN d≥r¨~„ )T functions to . ° d ONLN d¡ lã (à l#allow you to manipulate a shape’s fi W` ° d ONLN d ã, )† ll type. E` ° d ONLN dÓ-ã[ )! Listing 3-7 † ° d ONLN d˘[ãå ). shows the . ° d ONLN då lò (ï lCreateAFramedRectangle ° d ONLN då òÑ )Ñ! sample function, which uses the ° d ONLN d;åÑòÿ )îGXSetShapeFill ° d ONLN dIåÿò⁄ )T ° d ONLN dJô l• ∑ (¢ lfunction and the ° d ONLN d[ô ∑• ˇ )K gxHollowFill ° d ONLN dgô ˇ•& )H shape fi ° d ONLN dpô&•C )'ll to cr R` ° d ONLN dxôC•à ) eate a framed r $¿ ° d ONLN dáôà•≥ )E
° d ONLN d \ ä g ∂ ( d ä Listing 3-7 . ° d ONLN d \ Œ g fl )DThe ,
Courier ° d ONLN d \ fl gc )CreateAFramedRectangle ° d ONLN d & \c gÜ )Ñ function
° d ONLN d 1 v ä Ç8 ( ä void CreateAFramedRectangle() ° d ONLN d O Ñ ä ê ê *{ ° d ONLN d R í ú û∞ +.if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxRectangleType) ° d ONLN d Ç † ú ¨ * CreateRectangle(); ° d ONLN d ò Æ ú ∫ ¥ *else ° d ONLN d û º ú »V * SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d ¿ ÿ ú ‰z * %GXSetShapeFill(gShape, gxHollowFill); ° d ONLN d Ê Ê ä Ú ê ( Ô ä} ˇˇ€l ° d ONLN d Ë ˛ ä
– *This example fi 6ÿ ° d ONLN d ˜ ˛ —
)G
rst uses the ˇˇíD … ° d ONLN d ˛
X )3GXGetShapeType ˇˇ€l … ° d ONLN d ˛X
)T+ function to examine the shape type of the ° d ONLN d= ä « ( äshape object r R` ° d ONLN dK « Ÿ )=efer $¿ ° d ONLN dO Ÿ )
enced by the $¿ ° d ONLN d\ 7 ):gShape $¿ ° d ONLN db 7è )$ global variable. If $¿ ° d ONLN dw è≥ )XgShape $¿ ° d ONLN d} ≥È )$
does not alr ˜ ° d ONLN dä Ë )5eady ° d ONLN dè ä$ é (! är R` ° d ONLN dê é$ † )efer $¿ ° d ONLN dî †$ ¡ )ence a r ˜ ° d ONLN dú ¿$ ) ectangle shape, the ˜ ° d ONLN d∞$ü )[CreateAFramedRectangle ˜ ° d ONLN dΔü$Ò )Ñ function calls the ° d ONLN d⁄% ä1 ‰ (. äCreateRectangle ° d ONLN dÈ% ‰1 )Z function; if ° d ONLN d˜%1= )5gShape ° d ONLN d˝%=1c )$ does alr R` ° d ONLN d%c1Ä )&eady r $¿ ° d ONLN d %Ä1í ) efer ˜ ° d ONLN d%ë1≤ )ence a r …Ä ° d ONLN d%≤1
)!ectangle shape, the ° d ONLN d,2 ä> (; äCreateAFramedRectangle ° d ONLN dB2>b )Ñ function simply pr R` ° d ONLN dU2b>w )Tepar $¿ ° d ONLN dY2w>’ )es the window to be r ˜ ° d ONLN dn2‘> )]
edrawn by ° d ONLN dx? äK ¨ (H äcalling ° d ONLN dÄ? ¨KB )"SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ï ° d ONLN dô?AKD )ï. ° d ONLN dõQ ä] ¢ (Z äOnce ° d ONLN d†Q ¢] Δ )gShape ° d ONLN d¶Q Δ] Ã )$ r R` ° d ONLN d®Q Ã] fi )efer $¿ ° d ONLN d¨Q fi] ) ences a r ˜ ° d ONLN dµQ]] )$ectangle shape, the ˜ ° d ONLN d…Q]]· )[CreateAFramedRectangle ˜ ° d ONLN dflQ·] )Ñ
function ° d ONLN dÈ^ äj ‘ (g äsets the shape fi ° d ONLN d˙^ ‘j ˚ )J
ll to the ° d ONLN d^ ˚jC )' gxHollowFill ° d ONLN d^CjL )H fi ° d ONLN d^Ljp ) ll type. ° d ONLN d ^pjà )$Figur R` ° d ONLN d!^àjù )e 3-3 R` ° d ONLN d&^ùj” ) shows the r $¿ ° d ONLN d2^”j )6esult of this . ° d ONLN d@k äw ¥ (t ä
function. . ° d ONLN dK} äâ *Remember that the shell pr R` ° d ONLN de}âP )~ogram calls the R` ° d ONLN du}Pât )HDoDraw R` ° d ONLN d{}t⌠)$ sample function in r $¿ ° d ONLN dê}Œâ )Zesponse to the ° d ONLN düä äñë (ì ä8update event caused by the window invalidation, and the ° d ONLN d◊äëñµ (ìëDoDraw ° d ONLN d›äµñ
)$ function draws the ° d ONLN dÒó ä£ ◊ († äshape by calling ° d ONLN dó ◊£C )MGXDrawShape(gShape ° d ONLN dóC£J )l).
≈ H÷ 4Δ H÷ "Δ H]
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
. ° d ONLN dª äΔ ¥ (√ ä
Figure 3-3 ° d ONLN d"ª ÃΔ “ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d#ª “Δ ) framed rectangle
° d ONLN d6w äÉ ≠ (Ä äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d=w ÆÉt )$+e information about shape types and shape fi Ÿ¿ ° d ONLN diwtÉ˝ )Δ lls, see the chapter “Geometric ° d ONLN dâÑ äê ª (ç ä Shapes” in S† ° d ONLN dîÑ ºên )2'Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics ·† ° d ONLN dªÑnêp )≤.
° d ONLN d ô l • Ω ( ¢ lQuickDraw GX pr e` ° d ONLN d ô Ω •⁄ )Q>ovides quadratic Bézier curves—the same type of curve used by P¿ ° d ONLN d ^ ô⁄ •˜ ( ¢⁄Apple ° d ONLN d d ¶ l ≤ r ( Ø lT ∫¿ ° d ONLN d e ¶ q ≤ t )r ô` ° d ONLN d f ¶ u ≤ Ö )ueT §‡ ° d ONLN d i ¶ Ö ≤ ≤ ) ype fonts. l@ ° d ONLN d t ¶ ≥ ≤ π ).Y ,¿ ° d ONLN d u ¶ π ≤\ )$ou specify a curve geometry with thr #Ä ° d ONLN d ô ¶\ ≤~ )£ee contr ı@ ° d ONLN d ° ¶~ ≤ß )"
ol points: ,
Courier . ° d ONLN d ¨ Ω l … Δ ( Δ ltypdef struct { ° d ONLN d Ω À ~ ◊ “ +gxPoint first; ° d ONLN d Õ Ÿ ~ Â fi *gxPoint control; ° d ONLN d fl Á ~ Û Ã *
gxPoint last; ° d ONLN d Ì ı l r ( ˛ l} ° d ONLN d Ô ı ~ Æ )gxCurve; ˇˇ““ ° d ONLN d ¯
. ° d ONLN d^ li ò (f l Listing 3-8 . ° d ONLN d"^ ∞i ¡ )DThe ° d ONLN d&^ ¡i ) CreateCurve ° d ONLN d1^i& )B function
° d ONLN d<x lÑ ÿ (Å lvoid CreateCurve() ° d ONLN dOÜ lí r *{ ° d ONLN dRî ~† Æ +gxCurve ° d ONLN d[î Ɔz )0"curveGeometry = {ff(25), ff(125), ° d ONLN dÖ¢ ÍÆ +< ° d ONLN dᢠ¸ÆP ) ff(100), 0, ° d ONLN dù∞ ͺ (π Í ° d ONLN dü∞ ¸ºt ) ff(225), ff(125)}; ° d ONLN d∑à ~ÿ& (’ ~ SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow(); ° d ONLN d÷Ë ~ÙP * #GXSetCurve(gShape, &curveGeometry); ° d ONLN d˚ˆ ~n *(GXSetShapeFill(gShape, gxOpenFrameFill); ° d ONLN d& ~ * CenterShapeInWindow(); ° d ONLN d= l, r () l} ° d ONLN d?8 lD Ä *The ° d ONLN dC8 ÄD ¬ ) CreateCurve ° d ONLN dN8 ¬D Ò )B function fi ° d ONLN dZ8 ÒD )/rst defi ° d ONLN db8Dø ) 'nes a curve geometry and then uses the ° d ONLN dâE lQ ® (N l
GXSetCurve ° d ONLN dìE ®Q Ÿ )< function to ,
Zapf Dingbats
. ° d ONLN d†[ lb q (a ln
. ° d ONLN d¢X xd Î ) set the shape type of the ° d ONLN dºX Îd )sgShape ° d ONLN d¬XdU )$ shape object to ° d ONLN d”XUdó )F gxCurveType
. ° d ONLN dflm lt q (s ln
. ° d ONLN d·j xv ‚ ) set the geometry of the ° d ONLN d˘j ‚v )jgShape ° d ONLN dˇjvâ )$ shape object to the values in ° d ONLN d jâv◊ )É
curveGeometry ° d ONLN d,{ lá ≠ (Ñ l
Although the ° d ONLN d9{ ≠á È )A
GXSetCurve ° d ONLN dC{ ÈáÕ )<2 function sets the shape’s shape type and geometry d@ ° d ONLN du{ÃáÒ )„
, it does . ° d ONLN dà lî Ö (ë lnot af ØÄ ° d ONLN dÖà Öî Ì )fect the shape’s shape fi "@ ° d ONLN dûà ÓîN )ill. Since some shape fi ›` ° d ONLN dµàNîc )`lls ar 0 ° d ONLN dªàdîë )
e not appr L@ ° d ONLN d≈àëîÙ )-opriate for curves, the . ° d ONLN d›ï l° Æ (û l CreateCurve ° d ONLN dËï Æ° Ò )B function specif PÄ ° d ONLN d¯ï Ò° )Cies the PÄ ° d ONLN d ï°l )!gxOpenFrameFill PÄ ° d ONLN dïl°ê )Z shape f ! ° d ONLN dïê°ø )$ ill for the ! ° d ONLN d#ïø°„ )/gShape ! ° d ONLN d)ï„°Â )$ . ° d ONLN d*¢ lÆ § (´ l
shape object. . ° d ONLN d8¥ l¿ Ñ *Figur R` ° d ONLN d=¥ Ñ¿ ô )e 3-4 R` ° d ONLN dB¥ ô¿ œ ) shows the r $¿ ° d ONLN dN¥ œ¿ )6
esult of the $¿ ° d ONLN d[¥¿F )5 CreateCurve $¿ ° d ONLN df¥F¿o )B
Figure 3-4 ° d ONLN d \ Ã g “ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d \ “ g ) curve shape
° d ONLN d ä ¸ ≠ ( ˘ äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d ! Æ ¸Ì )$Ge information about curve shapes and curve geometries, see the chapter ° d ONLN d h ˝ ä Ò ( ä“Geometric Shapes” in fl ° d ONLN d ~ ˝ Ò £ )g'Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics m ° d ONLN d • ˝§ ¶ )≥.
° d ONLN d ªL äX (U äXIn QuickDraw GX, a polygon is a series of points connected by straight lines. The shape ° d ONLN dY äe ê *
fi å¿ ° d ONLN dY êe4 )%ll determines whether the polygon is _¿ ° d ONLN d:Y5eK )•open &` ° d ONLN d>YLeh ) (the fi d` ° d ONLN dFYhe≤ ) rst and last contr i¿ ° d ONLN dXY≤e‰ )J ol points ar =` ° d ONLN ddY‰e¸ )2e not ° d ONLN djf är » (o äconnected) or & ° d ONLN dxf …r  )?closed ` ° d ONLN d~f Êr
) (they ar ä¿ ° d ONLN dáf
rD )$
e connected). ° d ONLN dïx äÑ ë (Å äA ∫† ° d ONLN dñx ëÑ> )% polygon can have any number of contr [` ° d ONLN dªx?Ñh )Æ
nes a single . >` ° d ONLN d<—F›h )5contour . ;‡ ° d ONLN dC—i› )#! (a series of connected points). . ° d ONLN ddfi äÍ ≥ (Á äHowever † ° d ONLN dkfi ≥Í )), a QuickDraw GX ™‡ ° d ONLN d|fiÍH )S
polygon shape öÄ ° d ONLN dâfiIÍÎ )C$ can contain any number of separate ° d ONLN d≠Î ä˜ (Ù äcontours. Ther ¶Ä ° d ONLN dªÎ ˜ € )@efor ˛Ä ° d ONLN døÎ €˜Ä )$e, the polygon shape geometry is defi @ ° d ONLN d‰Îآ )¶ned as an array of polygon ° d ONLN dˇ¯ ä Ω ( ä geometries: . ° d ONLN d ä Í *typedef struct { ° d ONLN d ú) ¥ +long ° d ONLN d$ “) )6 contours; ° d ONLN d/+ ú7 “ (4 ú gxPolygon ° d ONLN d;+ “7P )6contour[gxAnyNumber]; ° d ONLN dQ9 äE ÿ (B ä
} gxPolygons; ° d ONLN d_Q ä] ∫ * Listing 3-9 ° d ONLN djQ ∫] Ï )0 shows the ° d ONLN duQ Ï]: )2
CreatePolygon ° d ONLN dÇQ:]∞ )N sample function, which cr R` ° d ONLN dúQ∞] )veates a polygon shape . ° d ONLN d≤^ äj_ (g ä2that contains a single contour in the shape of a fi Æ` ° d ONLN dÂ^_j¢ )’ve-pointed star ˇ‡ ° d ONLN dÙ^°j£ )B.
ff(60), 0, ° d ONLN d ’ Í ÷ ( ” Í ° d ONLN d ◊ ¸ ÷n ) ff(90), ff(90), ° d ONLN d Ú ÿ Í ‰ ( · Í ° d ONLN d Ù ÿ ¸ ‰b ) ff(0), ff(30), ° d ONLN d
Ê Í Ú ( Ô Í ° d ONLN d Ê ¸ Ún ) ff(120), ff(30), ° d ONLN d* Ù Í ( ˝ Í ° d ONLN d, Ù ¸ n ) ff(0), ff(90)}; ° d ONLN dB ~ , ( ~ SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN db, ~8§ * 1GXSetPolygons(gShape, (polygons *) starGeometry); ° d ONLN dï: ~FV *$GXSetShapeFill(gShape, gxSolidFill); ° d ONLN dºV ~b * CenterShapeInWindow(); ° d ONLN d”d lp r (m l} ° d ONLN d’| là Ä *The ° d ONLN dŸ| Äà Œ )
GXSetPolygons ° d ONLN dµ ¡≠ )N/ function. Notice that this function casts the ° d ONLN d7µ≠¡ı )» starGeometry ° d ONLN dCµı¡˜ )H ° d ONLN dD¬ lŒ ‡ (À lvariable, which is declar R` ° d ONLN d]¬ ‡Œ8 )ted to be an array of R` ° d ONLN dr¬8ŒP )Xlong R` ° d ONLN dv¬PŒó ) values, to type R` ° d ONLN dá¬óŒ” )G
gxPolygons R` ° d ONLN d묔ŒÏ )< befor $¿ ° d ONLN dó¬ÏŒÛ )e ° d ONLN dôœ l€ ∑ (ÿ lsending it to the ° d ONLN d´œ ∑€ )K
GXSetPolygons ° d ONLN d∏œ€. )N
function. ° d ONLN d√· lÌ Ä (Í lThe ° d ONLN d«· ÄÌ Œ )
CreatePolygon ° d ONLN d‘· ŒÌU )N function also sets the shape fi ° d ONLN dÙ·UÌ| )á
ll of the ° d ONLN d˛·|̆ )'gShape ° d ONLN d·†ÌÊ )$ shape object to ° d ONLN dÓ l˙ Æ (˜ l gxSolidFill ° d ONLN d Ó Æ˙ € )B
with the ° d ONLN d*Ó €˙/ )-GXSetShapeFill ° d ONLN d8Ó/˙n )T function. The ° d ONLN dGÓn˙∞ )? gxSolidFill ° d ONLN dRÓ∞˙‘ )B shape f PÄ ° d ONLN dZÓ‘˙‚ )$ill . ° d ONLN d^˚ l à ( lspecifi Ó ° d ONLN de˚ à ) !es that the polygon be a solid ar "† ° d ONLN dÜ˚J )ç ea; however ¯‡ ° d ONLN dë˚IV )4, ar Ω‡ ° d ONLN dï˚Wo )eas cr y¿ ° d ONLN dõ˚p‰ )eated when the polygon’s ° d ONLN d¥ l „ ( lboundary overlaps itself ar •@ ° d ONLN dœ „ )we not fi ‡ ° d ONLN d◊ ) lled. ª ° d ONLN d›/ )Figur ç¿ ° d ONLN d‚/C )e 3-5 +@ ° d ONLN dÁDy ) shows the r eÄ ° d ONLN dÛy¨ )5
Figure 3-5 ° d ONLN d \ Ã g “ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d \ “ g ) polygon shape
° d ONLN d ä ≠ ( äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d # Æ* )$e information about shape fi ∏@ ° d ONLN d ? *˚ )|/lls and polygon shapes, see the chapter “Shape ° d ONLN d n ä% Ω (" ä Objects” in ≠@ ° d ONLN d z Ω%i )3&Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects O ° d ONLN d †j% )≠% and the “Geometric Shapes” chapters ° d ONLN d ≈& ä2 ï (/ äof …` ° d ONLN d »& ï2G ) 'Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics W` ° d ONLN d Ô&H2J )≥.
° d ONLN du äÅ ë (~ äA ∫† ° d ONLN du ëÅ )W QuickDraw GX path is similar to a polygon in that it is a connected series of points. ° d ONLN dZÇ äé ≥ (ã äHowever † ° d ONLN daÇ ≥éè ))5, paths can contain curves as well as straight lines. ° d ONLN dóî ä† ë (ù äA ∫† ° d ONLN dòî ë†. )" path can have any number of contr ¨ ° d ONLN d∫î.†∏ )ù!ol points, which can lie on or of 3‡ ° d ONLN d€îπ†Â )ã f the path: ,
} gxPaths; ˇˇ^∞ ° d ONLN dΔß ä≥ æ * Listing 3-10 fi∞ ° d ONLN d“ß æ≥ Ó )4 shows the ˇ˛ ˙¿ ° d ONLN d›ß Ó≥* )0
CreatePath ˇˇ^∞ ˙¿ ° d ONLN dÁß*≥ù )< sample function, which cr G‡ ° d ONLN dßû≥ )teates a path shaped like a . ° d ONLN d ¥ ä¿ ê (Ω äfi å¿ ° d ONLN d ¥ ê¿ ü )gur Ë ° d ONLN d!¥ ü¿ )e eight with an extra loop.
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° d ONLN d \ l g ù ( d l Listing 3-10 . ° d ONLN d
\ ∞ g ¡ )DThe ,
Courier ° d ONLN d \ ¡ g ˝ )
CreatePath ° d ONLN d \ ˝ g )< function
° d ONLN d & v l Ç “ ( lvoid CreatePath() ° d ONLN d 8 Ñ l ê r *{ ° d ONLN d ; í ~ û⁄ +:long tripleBumpPathGeometry[] = {1, // number of contours ° d ONLN d } † Í ¨ ˆ +l ° d ONLN d Ä † ¸ ¨ ) ° d ONLN d Ü †D ¨Œ )H6, // number of points ° d ONLN d • Æ Í ∫ ˆ ( ∑ Í ° d ONLN d ® Æ ¸ ∫ ) ° d ONLN d ≠ ÆD ∫Ü )H 0xff000000, ° d ONLN d π º l » r ( ≈ l ° d ONLN d ø º Δ » )Z
° d ONLN d à º » )< ° d ONLN d — ºD »™ )Bff(25), ff(25), ° d ONLN d „ l ÷ r ( ” l ° d ONLN d È Δ ÷ ¸ )Z ° d ONLN d ı ¸ ÷ )6 ° d ONLN d ˚ D ÷™ )Hff(150), ff(25), ° d ONLN d
ÿ l ‰ r ( · l ° d ONLN d ÿ Δ ‰ )Z
° d ONLN d ÿ ‰ )< ° d ONLN d% ÿD ‰™ )Bff(30), ff(125), ° d ONLN d7 Ê l Ú r ( Ô l ° d ONLN d= Ê Δ Ú ‰ )Z ° d ONLN dE Ê ¸ Ú )6 ° d ONLN dK ÊD Ú™ )Hff(150), ff(225), ° d ONLN d] Ù l r ( ˝ l ° d ONLN dc Ù Δ )Z
° d ONLN dp Ù )< ° d ONLN du ÙD ∞ )Bff(25), ff(225), ° d ONLN dà l r ( l ° d ONLN dé Δ )Z
° d ONLN dõ )< ° d ONLN d†D∞ )Bff(150), ff(125)}; ° d ONLN d∑ ~*, (' ~ SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d◊: ~F» * 7GXSetPaths(gShape, (gxPaths *) tripleBumpPathGeometry); ° d ONLN dH ~Tb *&GXSetShapeFill (gShape, gxHollowFill); ° d ONLN d9d ~p * CenterShapeInWindow(); ° d ONLN dPr l~ r ({ l} . ° d ONLN dRä lñ Ø *This function fi ≤Ä ° d ONLN dbä Øñ Õ )Crst defi ñ† ° d ONLN djä Œñ· ) >nes a path geometry containing a single contour with six contr ∞‡ ° d ONLN d®ä·ñÎ (ì·ol . ° d ONLN d´ó l£ ° († l points. The ° d ONLN d∑ó °£ „ )5 controlBits ° d ONLN d¬ó „£ Ï )B fi ° d ONLN d≈ó Ï£) ) eld of this str l ° d ONLN d‘ó)£? )=uctur >` ° d ONLN dŸó?£ò )e is set to the value >` ° d ONLN dÔóò£‘ )Y
espond to . ° d ONLN dY± lΩ ì (∫ l points of R` ° d ONLN db± ìΩ ˚ )'f the curve. Since the fi R` ° d ONLN d{± ˚Ω6 )hrst six bits of R` ° d ONLN dã±6Ωr );
0xff000000 R` ° d ONLN dï±rΩ~ )< ar $¿ ° d ONLN dò±~Ωà ) e set, all six contr ˜ ° d ONLN d¨±ÀΩÙ )M
CreatePath ° d ONLN dM› ºÈ- )< sample function uses the ° d ONLN dg›-Èi )q
GXSetPaths ° d ONLN dq›iÈÚ )< function to set the shape type ° d ONLN dëÍ lˆ » (Û land geometry of the ° d ONLN d•Í »ˆ Ï )\gShape ° d ONLN d´Í ψ` )$ shape object and uses the ° d ONLN dΔÍ`ˆ¥ )tGXSetShapeFill ° d ONLN d‘Í¥ˆÁ )T
function to . ° d ONLN d·˜ l ™ ( lset its shape fi ó† ° d ONLN dÒ˜ ™ ≤ )>ll. . ° d ONLN dı l Ñ ( lFigur R` ° d ONLN d˙ Ñ ô )e 3-6 R` ° d ONLN dˇ ô œ ) shows the r $¿ ° d ONLN d œ )6
esult of the $¿ ° d ONLN d F )5 CreatePaths $¿ ° d ONLN d# Fo )B
Figure 3-6 ° d ONLN d \ Ã g “ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d \ “ g ) path shape
° d ONLN d t äÄ ≠ (} äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d t ÆÄ„ )$Ee information about path geometries and path shapes, see the chapter ° d ONLN d eÅ äç Ò (ä ä“Geometric Shapes” in fl ° d ONLN d {Å Òç£ )g'Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics m ° d ONLN d ¢Å§ç¶ )≥.
° d ONLN d ≥– ä‹ € (Ÿ äQuickDraw GX pr e` ° d ONLN d ¬– €‹ )Q
ovides thr ‰† ° d ONLN d Ö‹ ),:ee types of typographic shapes: the text shape, the glyph ° d ONLN d› äÈ¿ (Ê äHshape, and the layout shape. The text shape is the simplest of these thr w‡ ° d ONLN dN›¿È€ (Ê¿ee; it r z‡ ° d ONLN dV›€ÈÈ )epr † ° d ONLN dY›ÍÈ ) esents a ° d ONLN dbÍ äˆë (Û ä?string of text with one font, one text size, and one typestyle. ° d ONLN d¢¸ äd *0Unlike the geometric shapes, which contain contr t@ ° d ONLN d“¸dı )⁄#ol points in their geometries, the ° d ONLN dı ä‰ ( äQgeometry of a text shape contains a string of characters and a starting position. . ° d ONLN dG ä' ∫ * Listing 3-1 Û` ° d ONLN dR π' æ )/1 Û` ° d ONLN dS æ' ) shows the ,
Courier Û` ° d ONLN d^ ', )2
CreateText Û` ° d ONLN dh,'¢ )< sample function, which cr ≈¿ ° d ONLN dÇ¢'˜ )veates a text shape.
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. ° d ONLN dñR ä] ª (Z ä Listing 3-11 . ° d ONLN d£R Œ] fl )DThe ° d ONLN dßR fl] )
CreateText ° d ONLN d±R]> )< function
° d ONLN dºl äx (u ävoid CreateText() ° d ONLN dŒz äÜ ê *{ ° d ONLN d—à úî à +gxPoint ° d ONLN d⁄à Ãîå )0 textPosition = {ff(25), ff(40)}; ° d ONLN d˛§ ú∞J (≠ ú SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ();
. ° d ONLN d \ ~ h≈ ( e ~6GXSetText(gShape, 13, (unsigned char*)"QuickDraw™ GX", ° d ONLN d : j ¢ v +$ &textPosition); ° d ONLN d M x ~ ÑV ( Å ~$GXSetShapeFill(gShape, gxSolidFill); ° d ONLN d t î ~ † * CenterShapeInWindow(); ° d ONLN d ã ¢ l Æ r ( ´ l} ° d ONLN d ç ∫ l Δ Ú * This sample function uses the ° d ONLN d ´ ∫ Ú Δ( )Ü GXSetText ° d ONLN d ¥ ∫( Δ÷ )6( function to set the shape type and the ° d ONLN d ‹ « l ” µ ( – lgeometry of the ° d ONLN d Ï « µ ” Ÿ )IgShape ° d ONLN d Ú « Ÿ ”Ü )$& shape object. The shape type becomes ° d ONLN d «Ü ”¬ )≠
gxTextType ° d ONLN d" «¬ ”Ï )<
, and the . ° d ONLN d, ‘ l ‡Ô ( › lUgeometry includes the string “QuickDraw™ GX” and a point that indicates the starting ° d ONLN dÅ · l Ì √ *
position of the text. ,` ° d ONLN dó · ƒ Ì ‹ )XFigur ˇ ° d ONLN dú · € Ì Ô )e 3-7 ú† ° d ONLN d° · Ì% ) shows the r ÷‡ ° d ONLN d≠ ·% ÌÇ )5esult of this function.
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Figure 3-7 ° d ONLN d– Æ ¥ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d— ¥ ‡ ) text shape
° d ONLN dfig ls ≠ (p lBecause the Cr ú¿ ° d ONLN dÏg ≠s ƒ )AeateT ® ° d ONLN dÒg ƒsx ))ext sample function does not set a specifi ` ° d ONLN dgysÀ )µc font, text size, or ° d ONLN d1t lÄ* (} l(typestyle, QuickDraw GX chooses the appr ‡ ° d ONLN dYt+Ć )ø opriate default for the curr • ° d ONLN dut†ÄÔ )uent script system. ° d ONLN dàÅ lç Ÿ (ä lThe section “Changing T k¿ ° d ONLN düÅ ŸçT )m ext Styles” in Chapter 4, “Pr ° d ONLN dºÅUçï )| ogramming W ̆ ° d ONLN d«Åîç )?ith Styles,” shows ° d ONLN d⁄é lö Í (ó l how to override this default. ° d ONLN d¯† l¨ è *For mor ¿ ° d ONLN dˇ† ê¨t )$4e information about text shapes, see the chapters “T G@ ° d ONLN d3†s¨‚ )„ypographic Shapes” and ° d ONLN dJ≠ lπ w (∂ l“T µ¿ ° d ONLN dL≠ vπ ∑ )
ext Shapes” in > ° d ONLN d[≠ ∏πL )B Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX T ¥ ° d ONLN d{≠Kπu )ì ypography \` ° d ONLN dÑ≠uπw )*.
ovides mor Ï ° d ONLN d≥¸ ÛΔ )10e sophisticated typography than the text shape. † ° d ONLN d„¸«Œ )‘A A@ ° d ONLN d‰¸ŒÏ ) glyph ° d ONLN dÎ l å ( lshape r ü ° d ONLN dÚ å ö ) epr /‡ ° d ONLN dı õ˜ )Uesents a string of text that can have multiple fonts, text sizes, font styles, glyph ° d ONLN dJ l" ˝ ( l!orientations and glyph positions. ° d ONLN dl( l4◊ *VLike text shapes, glyph shapes include a text string and a starting position in their ° d ONLN d¬5 lA≈ *
Ogeometries and text style information in their associated style object. However o ° d ONLN d5≈AÏ (>≈ , for text ° d ONLN d B lNQ (K l6shapes the text style information applies to the entir c ° d ONLN dRBQN¨ )Âe string of text, wher ^‡ ° d ONLN dhB¨NË )[eas for glyph ° d ONLN dvO l[Ë (X lUshapes this style information is simply the default—a glyph shapes can have multiple ° d ONLN dÀ\ lh£ *
Gstyles, which override the default style information. Glyph shapes stor i¿ ° d ONLN d\£h€ (e£
e overriding ° d ONLN d i lu◊ (r lUinformation about each glyph’s position, tangent, font, size, and style in the glyph ° d ONLN dtv lÇ π *
shape’s geometry Ú† ° d ONLN dÑv ∏Ç ∫ )L. . ° d ONLN dÜà lî Ä (ë lThe ° d ONLN däà Äî » ) CreateGlyphs ° d ONLN dñà »î@ )H sample function, shown in ° d ONLN d±à@îu )x Listing 3-12 ° d ONLN dΩàuî´ )5 , makes the ° d ONLN d…à´îœ )6gShape ° d ONLN dœàœîÔ )$ shape . ° d ONLN d÷ï l°J (û l4object into a glyph shape. The function starts by cr }` ° d ONLN d
ïJ°¢ )fieating a text shape r Ë` ° d ONLN d ≤ )Xefer îÄ ° d ONLN d#ï≥°‰ ) enced by a ˇˇm∂ . ° d ONLN d.¢ lÆ ≠ (´ llocal variable ˇ˛I" [l ° d ONLN d=¢ ÆÆ ¸ )B
bunchOfGlyphs ˇˇm∂ [l ° d ONLN dJ¢ ¸Æ¯ )N;, and then converts it to a glyph shape. Then the function
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=Ó „ ¸ ˝  „ ¸ @ ˝  „ Ä˚ IJ  π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H Ä ¿4 Ä ¿4FˇÆÜ‚ π π π  ¿@¸ <· Â Ä Ä˛ @ ·  ÄÄ@ Ä · Â
° d ONLN d \ ä h í ( e äcr µ@ ° d ONLN d \ í h ø ) eates four ã ° d ONLN d
\ ¿ h Ô ). text styles, J ° d ONLN d \ hß )0, each of which is a style object that specifi k` ° d ONLN d F \ß h )∑ es a font, a text face, and ° d ONLN d b i ä u ∑ ( r ä a text size. ˇˇfl¢ . ° d ONLN d o { ä á ù *The ,
Courier ˇˇûÊ _¢ ° d ONLN d s { û á Ê ) CreateGlyphs ˇˇfl¢ _¢ ° d ONLN d { Ê á, )H function then cr –Ë ° d ONLN d ê {, áÿ )F'eates a style list which alternates thr · ° d ONLN d ∑ {ÿ á )¨ough the four ˇˇíH ° d ONLN d ≈ à ä îó ( ë ä?styles and assigns the style list to the glyph shape using the ˇ˛∂ÿ [` ° d ONLN d àò îÏ ( ëòSetGlyphStyles ˇˇíH [` ° d ONLN d àÏ î )T function. . ° d ONLN d ï ä ° ( û äWThe second parameter to this function is an array of values indicating how many glyphs ° d ONLN dt ¢ ä Æ¥ *
Geach style applies to. In this example, each element of this array is fi #‡ ° d ONLN dº ¢µ Æ ( ´µlled with the value 1, ° d ONLN d” Ø ä ªi ( ∏ ä5indicating that each style applies to a single glyph. . ° d ONLN d ¡ ä Õ û *The ° d ONLN d
¡ û Õ Ê ) CreateGlyphs ° d ONLN d ¡ Ê ÕK )H function then uses the ° d ONLN d1 ¡K ÕΩ )eGXGetGlyphPositions ° d ONLN dD ¡Ω Õ“ )r and ˇ˝¿ ° d ONLN dI Œ ä ⁄ ¸ ( ◊ äGXSetGlyphPositions ˇˇ@ ° d ONLN d\ Œ ¸ ⁄ )rA functions to vary the position of each glyph in the glyph shape. ° d ONLN dû ‡ ä Ï ≠ ( È äFinally d@ ° d ONLN d• ‡ ¨ Ï2 )" , the sample function uses the d@ ° d ONLN dƒ ‡2 ÏÄ )Ü
GXCopyToShape d@ ° d ONLN d— ‡Ä Ï‹ )N function to copy the ° d ONLN dÁ Ì ä ˘ ( ˆ äbunchOfGlyph gxShape ° d ONLN d˚ Ì ˘j )x to the global variable ° d ONLN d Ìj ˘é )hgShape ° d ONLN d Ìé ˘Ã )$, and uses the ° d ONLN d( ˙ ä fi ( äGXDisposeShape ° d ONLN d6 ˙ fiG )T function to dispose the ° d ONLN dO ˙Gï )i
bunchOfGlyphs ° d ONLN d\ ˙ï∂ )N shape.
) H1 4* H1 "* H_
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. ° d ONLN dd ä* ª (' ä Listing 3-12 . ° d ONLN dq Œ* fl )DThe ° d ONLN du fl*' ) CreateGlyphs ° d ONLN dÅ '*J )H function
. ° d ONLN d \ l h, ( e l GXGetShapeStyle(bunchOfGlyphs)); ° d ONLN d " j ~ vÄ ++SetStyleCommonFont(styleSet[2], timesFont); ° d ONLN d O x ~ Ñn *(SetStyleCommonFace(styleSet[2], extend); ° d ONLN d | î ~ †D * !styleSet[3] = GXCopyToStyle(nil, ° d ONLN d ù ¢ l Æ, ( ´ l GXGetShapeStyle(bunchOfGlyphs)); ° d ONLN d ø ∞ ~ ºò +/SetStyleCommonFont(styleSet[3], helveticaFont); ° d ONLN d æ ~ n *(SetStyleCommonFace(styleSet[3], italic); ° d ONLN d à ~ ÿn *(GXSetStyleTextSize(styleSet[3], ff(28)); ° d ONLN dG Ë l Ù‘ ( Ò l</* Create a list that alternates through the four styles. */ ° d ONLN dÖ ˆ ~Œ +8for (counter = 0; counter < sizeof(theText); counter++) ° d ONLN dø ~ Ñ *{ ° d ONLN d√ ê +runsOfText[counter] = 1; ° d ONLN dfi ê,Ä *(styles[counter] = styleSet[counter & 3]; ° d ONLN d. ~: Ñ (7 ~} ° d ONLN d J lV⁄ (S l=/* Set the styles of the glyphs and dispose of the styles. */ ° d ONLN dJX ~d™ +2SetGlyphStyles(bunchOfGlyphs, runsOfText, styles); ° d ONLN dt ~ÄÄ * +for (counter = 1; counter <= 3; counter++) ° d ONLN d≠Ç êé\ +"GXDisposeStyle(styleSet[counter]); ° d ONLN d“¨ l∏ò (µ l2/* Vary the positions of the individual glyphs. */ ° d ONLN d∫ ~Δº +5GXGetGlyphPositions(bunchOfGlyphs, 1, gxSelectToEnd, ° d ONLN dB» ÿ‘b +Z nil, glyphPosition); ° d ONLN d^‰ ~Œ (Ì ~8for (counter = 1; counter < sizeof(theText); counter++) ° d ONLN dòÚ ~˛ Ñ *{ ° d ONLN dú ê V +!glyphPosition[counter].x = ff(1); ° d ONLN dƒ ê( * if (counter % 3 == 0) ° d ONLN d›* ¢6h +!glyphPosition[counter].y = ff(3); ° d ONLN d8 êD, (A êelse if (counter >> 1 & 1) ° d ONLN d F ¢Rn +"glyphPosition[counter].y = -ff(5); ° d ONLN dDT ê` Æ (] êelse ° d ONLN dMb ¢nt +#glyphPosition[counter].y = 0x22000; ° d ONLN drp ~| Ñ (y ~} ° d ONLN du~ ~ä‡ *;GXSetGlyphPositions(bunchOfGlyphs, 1, sizeof(theText) - 1, ° d ONLN d∑å ÿòb +Z nil, glyphPosition); ° d ONLN d”® ~¥å (± ~-SetGlyphAdvance(bunchOfGlyphs, &advanceBits); ˇ8‹ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
. ° d ONLN d j ä vh ( s ä%/* Copy the glyph shape to gShape. */ ° d ONLN d ' x ú ÑÄ +&GXCopyToShape (gShape, bunchOfGlyphs); ° d ONLN d P Ü ú íP * GXDisposeShape(bunchOfGlyphs); ° d ONLN d p ¢ ä Æ ê ( ´ ä} ° d ONLN d r ∫ ä Δ û *The ° d ONLN d v ∫ û Δ
)SetStyleCommonFont ° d ONLN d à ∫
Δ )l and ° d ONLN d ç ∫ Δã )SetStyleCommonFace ° d ONLN d ü ∫ã Δ¡ )l
functions ar R` ° d ONLN d ¨ ∫¡ Δ )6e utility functions . ° d ONLN d ¿ « ä ”E ( – ä)included in the QuickDraw GX libraries. T 2` ° d ONLN d È «E ”ï )ªo include the appr Õ` ° d ONLN d ˚ «ï ” )P opriate libraries for these . ° d ONLN d ‘ ä ‡i ( › ä4functions, add these lines to the beginning of your ° d ONLN dK ‘i ‡Á )flQD GX Overview Draw.c ° d ONLN d` ‘Á ‡ )~ fi ° d ONLN dc ‘ ‡¸ ) le: ° d ONLN dg Î ä ˜ ( Ù ä#include "font library.h" ° d ONLN dÅ ä ¢ *Figur R` ° d ONLN dÜ ¢ ∑ )e 3-8 R` ° d ONLN dã ∑ Ì ) shows the r $¿ ° d ONLN dó Ì" )6
esult of the $¿ ° d ONLN d§"j )5 CreateGlyphs $¿ ° d ONLN d∞jì )H
function.
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. ° d ONLN dª' ä2 ¥ (/ ä
Figure 3-8 ° d ONLN dΔ' Ã2 “ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d«' “2 ) glyph shape
° d ONLN d’ò ä§ ≠ (° äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d‹ò Ƨõ )$5e information about glyph shapes, see the chapters “T ™` ° d ONLN dòö§ )Ïypographic Shapes” and ° d ONLN d(• ä± fl (Æ ä“Glyph Shapes” in ø¿ ° d ONLN d:• fl±s )U Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX T 5¿ ° d ONLN dZ•s±ù )î ypography fi ° d ONLN dc•ú±° )). ∞Ä ° d ONLN de•°±ß )Y q ° d ONLN df•ß±
)ou might also want to ° d ONLN d|≤ äæ ˛ (ª äexamine the functions defi d` ° d ONLN dñ≤ ˇæè )u#ned in the text and font libraries.
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° d ONLN d \ l h ( e l"Much of the information used to cr ∂¿ ° d ONLN d " \ hS )öeate the special ef #` ° d ONLN d 5 \T h¯ )N'fects of layout shapes is contained in ° d ONLN d \ i l u r ( r lT ∫¿ ° d ONLN d ] i q u t )r ô` ° d ONLN d ^ i u u Ö )ueT §‡ ° d ONLN d a i Ö uR ).ype GX fonts. For example, these fonts contain ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN d ê l Ü q ( Ö ln
° d ONLN d í | x àq ) 8baseline information, including a primary baseline and r íÄ ° d ONLN d |q à‡ )˘elative positions of other ° d ONLN d  à x î „ ( ë xbaselines, such as center V ° d ONLN d ˛ à „ îã )k%ed, hanging, or mathematics baselines
° d ONLN d$ ù l § q ( £ ln
° d ONLN d& ö x ¶ ê ) justifi R` ° d ONLN d- ö ë ¶ ’ )cation behavior @ ° d ONLN d< ö ’ ¶Ñ )D(, such as how white space is distributed
° d ONLN de Ø l ∂ q ( µ ln
° d ONLN dg ¨ x ∏ ) information on car ∑Ä ° d ONLN dy ¨ ∏A )Ret placement, such as wher ì ° d ONLN dì ¨A ∏U )we car ‡ ° d ONLN dò ¨V ∏Ì )#ets should be placed inside ligatur .@ ° d ONLN dª ¨Ì ∏ˆ )óes
° d ONLN dæ ¡ l » q ( « ln
° d ONLN d¿ æ x Ë ) information about ligatur ` ° d ONLN dŸ æ Ë ≠ )p+e formation and other glyph transformations
° d ONLN d ” l ⁄ q ( Ÿ ln
° d ONLN d – x ‹ ) the optical edges of glyphs . ° d ONLN d$ · l Ì ° ( Í l Listing 3-13 ° d ONLN d0 · ° Ì ” )5 shows the ,
Courier ° d ONLN d; · ” Ì )2 CreateLayout ° d ONLN dG · Ìë )H sample function, which cr R` ° d ONLN da ·ë ÌÒ )veates a layout shape . ° d ONLN dv Ó l ˙ è ( ˜ lwith thr +‡ ° d ONLN d~ Ó ê ˙ fi )$ee separate style r † ° d ONLN dë Ó fi ˙ˆ )NAuns. Most of this function simply sets up the parameters to the . ° d ONLN d“ ˚ l Æ ( l GXNewLayout ° d ONLN d› ˚ Æ ◊ )B
function: ° d ONLN dË l û ( l3gxShape GXNewLayout(long textRunCount, const short ° d ONLN d l, “ *textRunLengths[], ° d ONLN d-. l: r * ° d ONLN d3. Δ:º )Z) const void *text[], long styleRunCount, ° d ONLN db< ΔHÜ * const short styleRunLengths[], ° d ONLN dàJ ΔVŒ *, const gxStyle styles[], long levelRunCount, ° d ONLN d∫X ΔdÜ * const short levelRunLengths[], ° d ONLN d‡f ΔrP * const short levels[], ° d ONLN d˝t ΔÄ™ *& const gxLayoutOptions *layoutOptions, ° d ONLN d)Ç Δéb * const gxPoint *position); ° d ONLN dDö l¶ Ä (£ lThe ° d ONLN dHö Ķ » ) CreateLayout ° d ONLN dTö »¶x )H' sample function sets these parameters:
. ° d ONLN d|∞ l∑ q (∂ ln
. ° d ONLN d~≠ xπ ¿ ) textRunCount ° d ONLN dä≠ ¿π^ )H#, which indicates the number of dif R` ° d ONLN d≠≠^πk )ûfer $¿ ° d ONLN d∞≠kπà )
ent text strings in the $¿ ° d ONLN d»≠Ãπ‰ )atext $¿ ° d ONLN dÃ≠‰πÊ ) . ° d ONLN dÕπ x≈ • (¬ x parameter
° d ONLN d◊Œ l’ q (‘ ln
. ° d ONLN dŸÀ x◊ Δ )
testRunLength ° d ONLN dÊÀ Δ◊‰ )NAs, which indicates the number of characters in each of the text r l ° d ONLN d'À‰◊Ú (‘‰uns
. ° d ONLN d+‡ lÁ q (Ê ln
. ° d ONLN d-› xÈ ê ) text ° d ONLN d1› êÈ )!, which contains the text strings
. ° d ONLN dSÚ l˘ q (¯ ln
. ° d ONLN dUÔ x˚ Δ )
styleRunCount ° d ONLN dbÔ Δ˚d )N#, which indicates the number of dif R` ° d ONLN dÖÔd˚q )ûfer $¿ ° d ONLN dàÔq˚ª )
ent styles in the $¿ ° d ONLN döÔª˚fl )Jstyles $¿ ° d ONLN d†Ôfl˚· )$ . ° d ONLN d°˚ x • ( x parameter
° d ONLN d´ l q ( ln
ˇ˛Ä . ° d ONLN d≠
x “ ) styleRunLengths ˇˇÄ ° d ONLN dº
“¯ )ZC, which indicates the number of bytes of text associated with each ° d ONLN dˇ x% Ø (" x
entry in the ° d ONLN d Ø% ” )7styles ° d ONLN d ”% )$
parameter
. ° d ONLN d . l5 q (4 ln
. ° d ONLN d + x7 ú ) styles ° d ONLN d%+ ú7I )$&, which contains the style information
. ° d ONLN dL@ lG q (F ln
. ° d ONLN dN= xI ® ) position ° d ONLN dV= ®I¨ )0:, which contains the starting position of the layout shape
k *s¯ 4l *s¯ "l *_
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. ° d ONLN dëa ll ù (i l Listing 3-13 . ° d ONLN dûa ∞l ¡ )DThe ° d ONLN d¢a ¡l ) CreateLayout ° d ONLN dÆa l, )H function
° d ONLN dπ{ lá fi (Ñ lvoid CreateLayout() ° d ONLN dÕâ lï r *{ ° d ONLN d–ó ~£ ® +#define ° d ONLN d⁄ó ¥£ ‰ )6runText1 ° d ONLN dÊó ¸£8 )H
"This is " ° d ONLN dÚ• ~± ® (Æ ~#define ° d ONLN d¸• ¥± ‰ )6runText2 ° d ONLN d• ¸±M )H
"QuickDraw™ " ° d ONLN d≥ ~ø ® (º ~#define ° d ONLN d!≥ ¥ø ‰ )6runText3 ° d ONLN d-≥ ¸ø )H"GX!" ˇ º @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
j “ v )6 sfntName1 ° d ONLN d j vt )H"\pTimes Roman" ° d ONLN d ( x ú Ñ Δ ( Å ú#define ° d ONLN d 2 x “ Ñ )6 sfntName2 ° d ONLN d ? x ÑÜ )H"\pHoefler Italic" ° d ONLN d S Ü ú í Δ ( è ú#define ° d ONLN d ] Ü “ í )6 sfntName3 ° d ONLN d j Ü í‘ )H "\pZapf Chancery Medium Italic" ° d ONLN d å ¢ ú Æ Δ ( ´ ú#define ° d ONLN d ñ ¢ “ Æ )6
krunCount ° d ONLN d ¢ ¢ Æ )<3 ° d ONLN d ß æ ú Δ ( « úgxPoint ° d ONLN d ≥ æ ˆ D )Z
layoutOrigin; ° d ONLN d ¬ à ú ÿ ¥ ( ’ úchar ° d ONLN d À à ˆ ÿn )Z*theText[krunCount] ° d ONLN d ‡ Ãn ÿÚ )x= {runText1, runText2, ° d ONLN d ¸ ⁄ ‰ Ê ˆ ( „ ‰ ° d ONLN d ⁄t Êz )ê ° d ONLN d ⁄z ʺ ) runText3}; ° d ONLN d Ë ú Ù Δ ( Ò úgxStyle ° d ONLN d! Ë ˆ ÙÄ )ZglyphStyles[krunCount]; ° d ONLN d: ˆ ú Í ( ˇ ú
unsigned char ° d ONLN dK ˆ Íb )N *theSfnt[krunCount] ° d ONLN d` ˆb )x ={(unsigned char *) sfntName1, ° d ONLN däPV (
P ° d ONLN dåb ) (unsigned char *) sfntName2, ° d ONLN dµP V (P ° d ONLN d∑b ) (unsigned char *) sfntName3}; ° d ONLN d◊ ú, Δ () úgxStyle ° d ONLN d„ ˆ,& )Z*pStyle; ° d ONLN dÌ. ú: ¥ (7 úchar ° d ONLN dˆ. ˆ:& )Z**pText; ° d ONLN d < úH Í (E ú
unsigned char ° d ONLN d< ˆH& )Z**pSfnt; ° d ONLN d J úV ∫ (S úshort ° d ONLN d&J ˆVÊ )Z(*pLength, runNum, theLengths[krunCount], ° d ONLN dUX ˆd> * totalLength; ° d ONLN ddt úÄJ (} ú SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN dÑê úú, * layoutOrigin.x = ff(50); ° d ONLN dûû ú™2 *layoutOrigin.y = ff(145); ° d ONLN d∫∫ úΔ * pStyle = glyphStyles; ° d ONLN d—» ú‘ ¸ *pSfnt = theSfnt; ° d ONLN d„÷ ú‚, *pText = (void *)theText; ° d ONLN d˝‰ ú *pLength = theLengths; ° d ONLN dÚ ú˛ ¸ *totalLength = 0; ° d ONLN d& ä ( ä?/* Create the new layout style and determine layout length. */ ° d ONLN df ä( ê * ° d ONLN dh ú(Ê )7for (runNum = 0; runNum < runCount; runNum++, pStyle++) ° d ONLN d°* ú6 ¢ *{ ° d ONLN d•8 ÆD ÿ +*pStyle ° d ONLN d≠8 ÿDÚ )*/= NewLayoutStyle ((char *) *pSfnt++, ff(36), 0, ° d ONLN d›F äR ê (O ä ° d ONLN dËF>R∞ )¥ nil, nil, 0, nil); ° d ONLN db Ænå (k Æ%*pLength = myStringLength (*pText++); ° d ONLN d)p Æ|J *totalLength += *pLength++; ° d ONLN dE~ úä ¢ (á ú} ° d ONLN dHö ä¶Ü (£ ä*if (gShape != nil) GXDisposeShape(gShape); ˇ9∏ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
. ° d ONLN d \ l h8 ( e l"/* Create the new layout shape. */ ° d ONLN d $ j ~ vÚ +>gShape = GXNewLayout (kRunCount, (void *)theText, theLengths, ° d ONLN d j x Í Ñ ˆ +l ° d ONLN d l x ˆ ÑŒ ) $kRunCount, glyphStyles, theLengths, ° d ONLN d ò Ü Í í ( è Í ° d ONLN d ô Ü í ˆ ) ° d ONLN d ö Ü ˆ í> ) 0, nil, nil, ° d ONLN d Æ î Í †º ( ù Í# totalLength, nil, &layoutOrigin); ° d ONLN d “ ¢ l Æ r ( ´ l} ° d ONLN d ‘ ∫ l Δ Ä *The ° d ONLN d ÿ ∫ Ä Δ » ) CreateLayout ° d ONLN d ‰ ∫ » Δâ )H- sample function sets up the text and style r l ° d ONLN d ∫â Δ„ )¡un information, and ° d ONLN d% « l ” ≠ ( – lthen calls the ° d ONLN d4 « ≠ ” Ô )A GXNewLayout ° d ONLN d? « Ô ” )B function. ° d ONLN dJ « ”2 )+Figur R` ° d ONLN dO «2 ”G )e 3-9 R` ° d ONLN dT «G ”} ) shows the r $¿ ° d ONLN d` «} ”‹ )6esult of this function.
ı *¯ 4 ˆ *¯ " ˆ *]
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. ° d ONLN dx Î l ˆ ñ ( Û l
Figure 3-9 ° d ONLN dÉ Î Æ ˆ ¥ )BA 0 ° d ONLN dÑ Î ¥ ˆ È )
layout shape
Y *g¯ 4Z *g¯ ° d ONLN dìX lc (` lNote
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° d ONLN dòe lq ÿ *An even easier way of cr 3Ä ° d ONLN d∞e ŸqV )m eating a layout shape is to cr ´Ä ° d ONLN dŒeVq° )}eate a text shape . ° d ONLN d‡q l} ó (z l
using the ° d ONLN dÍq ó} Õ )+ GXNewText ° d ONLN dÛq Õ}ü )61 function and convert it to a layout shape using ° d ONLN d$} lâ ~ (Ü lthe ° d ONLN d(} ~â “ )GXSetShapeType ° d ONLN d6} “â ˝ )T function. ,
Zapf Dingbats
. ° d ONLN dBÄà )0u
° d ONLN dDé lö ø (ó lSeen chapter 6, “Pr 5` ° d ONLN dWé ¿ö )T ogramming W ‡ ° d ONLN dbé ö )@ith T «¿ ° d ONLN dgéö€ )/ransforms,” for an example of hit-testing this ° d ONLN dñõ lß Õ (§ llayout shape. For mor ñ` ° d ONLN d´õ Õß⁄ )a;e information about layout shapes, see “Layout Shapes” and ° d ONLN dÊ® l¥ o (± lr E ° d ONLN dÁ® p¥ ¿ )elated chapters in ◊‡ ° d ONLN d˙® ¿¥T )P Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX T M‡ ° d ONLN d®T¥~ )î ypography ˆ@ ° d ONLN d#®}¥ )).
° d ONLN d8˜ l — ( lQuickDraw GX also pr Ä@ ° d ONLN dL˜ — )eovides &¿ ° d ONLN dS˜ Ò3 )
bitmap shapes ņ ° d ONLN d`˜3Ù )B,, which allows you to draw certain types of ° d ONLN då lh (
l6images that wouldn’t be possible, or would be much mor ¸@ ° d ONLN d¬h{ )¸e dif p@ ° d ONLN d«|Ç )fi } ° d ONLN d…ÇÙ )cult, with the other shape ° d ONLN d‰ l à ( ltypes. ° d ONLN dÏ# l/ *%The geometry of a bitmap shape specifi ‡ ° d ONLN d#/Î )Æ0es the position of the bitmap and the following ° d ONLN dB0 l< £ (9 l bitmap data: . ° d ONLN dOG lS à *typedef struct { ° d ONLN daU ~a ñ +char ° d ONLN djU ÿa )Z*image; ° d ONLN dsc ~o ñ (l ~long ° d ONLN d|c ÿo ¸ )Zwidth; ° d ONLN dÑq ~} ñ (z ~long ° d ONLN dçq ÿ} )Zheight; ° d ONLN dñ ~ã ñ (à ~long ° d ONLN dü ÿã )Z rowBytes; ° d ONLN d™ç ~ô ú (ñ ~short ° d ONLN d¥ç ÿô )Z
pixelSize; ° d ONLN d¿õ ~ß Δ (§ ~ gxColorSpace ° d ONLN d—õ ÿß ¸ )Zspace;
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9¢ñ…:Pÿ Î œ— ˙H’éÿ
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fl Î såÏ ß·«√çÃ{‹fl È ¸ @ ˝ fl È ¸ Ä ˝ fl È ˙ ˝ 8fl π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π Î Äĸ x€ Î ˝ Ä 0€ ò H @ Ä5 @ Ä59ˇ‚y Î 1 Ä 6€ Î >˚ ` ∑≥π†b„‹ Î
6⁄4`6€m3i‡ceÄ› Î >$íx`fíIbÒÄbL‹ Î
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oqΔ< 9¶„f{1‰Δ`›
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Í A¸ Ä @⁄ Í „IJ ¿◊ π π π Î ˛ h @ `fi ΠIJ
ê Ä à` ‡ Î Ä î Ä !å ‡ Î ◊çi†≈ªop
qå⁄s8Õ· Î 6ˆ€{`fŸ-∞aå^’≥o· Î 3dƒ≤fB4ëI åCŸÏ&l· Î 3nç7F‚-πflv à„0ëçvH· Î |=Ü √√Õ1õfÿ«¿ˆcò· ‰ Ÿ ‰ Ÿ π π π π π Î
8p < >P ø⁄ Î ‡ fi Î @ 3` fi Î *CX0l2\j‹6ÏÔ¶πöfl Î *Δ»0$<l€l$M-Ì∂fifl Î ,åü!(`IíH$Xâô,ÿfl Î Mç–b8`›æfl ~˛]¸êfl Î i«ú˛0ÿˆõ l€õg0fl
eates a . R` ° d ONLN dˆ ÷Œ ‚ )"ramp . 5` ° d ONLN d˙ ÷Ê ‚ ) —a shape . ° d ONLN d „ ä Ô$ ( Ï ä$that displays a smooth transition fr ‡ ° d ONLN d' „% Ôé )õom one color to another µÄ ° d ONLN d> „ç Ôò )h. T Î@ ° d ONLN dA „ó Ôß )
o cr ° d ONLN dE „® Ô¸ )eate this ramp, the ˇ˛Òv . ° d ONLN dY ä ¸ “ ( ˘ ä CreateBitmap ˇˇ•“ ° d ONLN de “ ¸ )H function cr û ° d ONLN dq ¸˘ )/:eates a bitmap 1 pixel tall and 256 pixels wide. It then f 4\ ° d ONLN d´ ˙ ¸ )˘ills in . ° d ONLN d≥ ˝ ä ‹ ( äthe pixel values, cr Ù ° d ONLN d« ˝ ‹ F )Reating a smooth ramp fr :` ° d ONLN dfi ˝G • )kom black to white thr †† ° d ONLN dÛ ˝• )^ough a gray color space. ° d ONLN d
ä ® ( äFinally
° d ONLN d
®ì ) 9, it scales the shape by 40 in the vertical dimension, cr ≥‡ ° d ONLN dL
ìº )Î
eating a r Õ¿ ° d ONLN dV
º ))ectangular ramp. ° d ONLN dg ä( ≠ (% äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN dn Æ( )$e information about color @ ° d ONLN dá ( )o5, see Chapter 5 in this book and the chapter “Colors ° d ONLN dº) ä5 ∂ (2 ä and Color úÄ ° d ONLN d≈) ∂5 Ω ),-r µ` ° d ONLN d«) Ω5
)elated Objects” in <` ° d ONLN d⁄)5∫ )Q&Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects fi ° d ONLN d )∫5‚ )¨ . For mor c‡ ° d ONLN d )„5Í ))e ° d ONLN d 6 äB (? äVinformation about scaling and other shape transformations, see Chapter 6 in this book ° d ONLN daC äO ‹ *
and the chapter “T G† ° d ONLN dsC ‹O= )Rransform Objects” inf Ÿ¿ ° d ONLN dâC=OÈ )a&Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects {Ä ° d ONLN dØCÍOÏ )≠.
r Hz 4s Hz "s H_
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
° d ONLN d±h äs ª (p ä Listing 3-14 . ° d ONLN dæh Œs fl )DThe ° d ONLN d¬h fls' ) CreateBitmap ° d ONLN dŒh'sJ )H function
° d ONLN dŸÇ äé ¸ (ã ävoid CreateBitmap() ° d ONLN dÌê äú ê *{ ° d ONLN dû ú™ ¥ +char ° d ONLN d˜û “™& )6bitImage[256]; ° d ONLN d¨ ú∏ Ã (µ úgxBitmap ° d ONLN d¨ “∏& )6theBitmapData; ° d ONLN d"∫ úΔ Δ (√ úgxPoint ° d ONLN d,∫ “Δ> )6theBitmapPosition; ° d ONLN d@» ú‘ ∫ (— úshort ° d ONLN dH» “‘ )6loop; ° d ONLN dO÷ ú‚ Δ (fl úgxColor ° d ONLN dY÷ “‚, )6grayPixelColor; ° d ONLN dj‰ ú Ã (Ì úgxShape ° d ONLN du‰ “ )6
gBitShape; ° d ONLN dÇ ú J ( ú SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d¢ ú(P * theBitmapPosition.x = ff(150); ° d ONLN d¬* ú6P * theBitmapPosition.y = ff(100); ° d ONLN d„F úRV * theBitmapData.image = bitImage; ° d ONLN dT ú`8 *theBitmapData.width = 256; ° d ONLN d b ún2 *theBitmapData.height = 1; ° d ONLN d;p ú|J * theBitmapData.rowBytes = 256; ° d ONLN dZ~ úäD * theBitmapData.pixelSize = 8; ° d ONLN dxå úò\ * theBitmapData.space = gxNoSpace; ° d ONLN döö ú¶, *theBitmapData.set = nil; ° d ONLN d¥® ú¥D * theBitmapData.profile = nil; ˇ7¶ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
. ° d ONLN d j ~ vP ( s ~#grayPixelColor.space = gxGraySpace; ° d ONLN d % x ~ Ñ, * grayPixelColor.profile = nil; ° d ONLN d E î ~ †‘ * 9GXSetBitmap (gShape, &theBitmapData, &theBitmapPosition); ° d ONLN d Å ∞ ~ ºå * -GXSetShapeAttributes (gShape, gxMemoryShape); ° d ONLN d ∞ æ ~ \ *%for (loop = 0; loop <= 255; ++loop) { ° d ONLN d ÿ à ê ÿå +*grayPixelColor.element.gray = (loop << 8); ° d ONLN d ⁄ ê Ê⁄ *7GXSetShapePixel (gShape , loop, 0, &grayPixelColor, 0); ° d ONLN d> Ë ~ Ù Ñ ( Ò ~} ° d ONLN dB ~V * $GXScaleShape (gShape, fix1, ff(40), ° d ONLN dl Δ ¬ +H*theBitmapPosition.x, theBitmapPosition.y); ° d ONLN dó* l6 Ñ (3 lFigur R` ° d ONLN dú* Ñ6 û )e 3-10 R` ° d ONLN d¢* û6 ‘ ) shows the r $¿ ° d ONLN dÆ* ‘6 )6
esult of the $¿ ° d ONLN dª* 6Q )5 CreateBitmap $¿ ° d ONLN d«*Q6z )H
function.
X *i¯ 4Y *i¯ "Y *]
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
. ° d ONLN d“N lY ú (V l Figure 3-10 ° d ONLN dfiN ÆY ¥ )BA 0 ° d ONLN dflN ¥Y Ï )
bitmap shape
° d ONLN dÓ… l’ è (“ lFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN dı… ê’’ )$Ge information about bitmaps and bitmap shapes, see the chapter “Bitmap ° d ONLN d<÷ l‚ ù (fl l Shapes” of c@ ° d ONLN dG÷ û‚P )2'Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics Ò@ ° d ONLN dn÷P‚R )≤.
CreatePicture ° d ONLN d’^!jt )N function, which cr R` ° d ONLN dË^tj± )Seates a pictur $¿ ° d ONLN dˆ^±jÍ )=e of a house. . ° d ONLN dk lw ô (t l
The pictur % ° d ONLN dk öw ø ). e has thr ’¿ ° d ONLN dk øw* )%ee elements: a house bor i¿ ° d ONLN d/k+w9 )lder Ñ` ° d ONLN d2k9wZ ), a door @` ° d ONLN d:kZwû )!, and a window ;Ä ° d ONLN dHkûw‚ )D. The house bor ° d ONLN dWk‚wÛ )Dder ° d ONLN d[x lÑH (Å l4is a simple, single-contour polygon, the door is a r M† ° d ONLN dèxIÑŒ )› ectangle, and the window is a ° d ONLN d≠Ö lë y (é lthr X¿ ° d ONLN d∞Ö yë Ó )
ee-contour polygon shape. . ° d ONLN d ó l£ Ä († lThe ° d ONLN dŒó Ä£ Œ )
CreatePicture ° d ONLN d€ó Œ£ )N
function defi ° d ONLN dÈó£ˆ ):6nes the geometry of each of the elements, turns those ° d ONLN d § l∞ (≠ l!geometries into shapes using the ° d ONLN d@§ ∞< )î
NewPolygon ° d ONLN dJ§<∞A )<, ° d ONLN dL§A∞è )
GXNewPolygons ° d ONLN dY§è∞ß )N, and ° d ONLN d_± lΩ ¿ (∫ lGXNewRectangle ° d ONLN dm± ¿Ωç )T. functions, and then adds each shape to pictur R` ° d ONLN dõ±çΩø )Õ e using the
h j±ı 4 Pˇ∫ Qˇª ò H @9 @9 Qˇª ëı π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H @ Ä9 @ Ä9 ëˇª —ı π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H Ä ¿9 Ä ¿9 —ˇªı π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H ¿ 9 ¿ 9ˇªQı π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H @9 @9Qˇªëı π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π Î ‡ˇ ˛Ò Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ ò H@ Ä9@ Ä9ëˇª—ı Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î flˇÒ Î ‡ˇÒ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò HÄ º9Ä º9—ˇª
ı π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H @9 @9 Qˇª ëı π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H @ Ä9 @ Ä9 ëˇª —ı π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H Ä ¿9 Ä ¿9 —ˇªı π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H ¿ 9 ¿ 9ˇªQı π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H @9 @9Qˇªëı π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π Î ‡3 2Ò Ò Ò Î Ä– Ò Î Ä– Ò Ò Ò Î Ä– Ò Î Ä– Ò Í ˙ˇ ˝˙›˘U˝ ˛ Ò Í ¸ˇ¸ª˜3˜" Ò Î Äˇˇ˜Ó Ï˝Ã »˙à ÄÎ Í ˙ˇ ˜˙w˙U T¸D˛ Ò Î Ä˝ˇ ˛¸Ó˜Ã˜à Ä Í ˇˇ˚¯ª ≥˝3 2˙"˚ Ò Í ˙ˇ ˝˙›˘U˝ ˛ Ò Í ¸ˇ¸ª˜3˜" Ò Î Äˇˇ˜Ó Ï˝Ã »˙à ÄÎ Í ˙ˇ ˜˙w˙U T¸D˛ Ò Î Ä˝ˇ ˛¸Ó˜Ã˜à Ä Í ˇˇ˚¯ª ≥˝3 2˙"˚ Ò Í ˙ˇ ˝˙›˘U˝ ˛ Ò Í ¸ˇ¸ª˜3˜" Ò Î Äˇˇ˜Ó Ï˝Ã »˙à ÄÎ Í ˙ˇ ˜˙w˙U T¸D˛ Ò Î Ä˝ˇ ˛¸Ó˜Ã˜à Ä Í ˇˇ˚¯ª ≥˝3 2˙"˚ Ò Í ˙ˇ ˝˙›˘U˝ ˛ Ò Í ¸ˇ¸ª˜3˜" Ò Î Äˇˇ˜Ó Ï˝Ã »˙à ÄÎ Í ˙ˇ ˜˙w˙U T¸D˛ Ò Î Ä˝ˇ ˛¸Ó˜Ã˜à Ä ò H@ Ä9@ Ä9ëˇª—ı Í ˇˇ˚¯ª ≥˝3 2˙"˚ Ò Í ˙ˇ ˝˙›˘U˝ ˛ Ò Í ¸ˇ¸ª˜3˜" Ò Î Äˇˇ˜Ó Ï˝Ã »˙à ÄÎ Í ˙ˇ ˜˙w˙U T¸D˛ Ò Î Ä˝ˇ ˛¸Ó˜Ã˜à Ä Í ˇˇ˚¯ª ≥˝3 2˙"˚ Ò Í ˙ˇ ˝˙›˘U˝ ˛ Ò Í ¸ˇ¸ª˜3˜" Ò Î Äˇˇ˜Ó Ï˝Ã »˙à ÄÎ Í ˙ˇ ˜˙w˙U T¸D˛ Ò Î Ä˝ˇ ˛¸Ó˜Ã˜à Ä Í ˇˇ˚¯ª ≥˝3 2˙"˚ Ò Í ˙ˇ ˝˙›˘U˝ ˛ Ò Í ¸ˇ¸ª˜3˜" Ò Î Äˇˇ˜Ó Ï˝Ã »˙à ÄÎ Ò Î Ä– Ò Ò Ò Î Ä– Ò Î Ä– Ò Ò Ò Î flÃÒ Î flUÒ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò HÄ º9Ä º9—ˇª
ˇªMı π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π Ê ‡@ÿ Ê `¿ÿ Ê AÄÿ Ê ¬Äÿ Ê ƒÄÿ Ê ∏è¿ÿ Ê 1Å◊ Ê ¡◊ π π π π π π π
Ê ¸¿ CÄ·‹
Ê d¿ §¿bê‹
Ê ¿ ∞ÄF»‹ ò H @ Ä9 @ Ä9Mˇªçı
Ê ÒüÅ≥ Δ»‹
Ê –≥!ÄÃà‹
Ê !Åúa∏çà‹
Ê !Å0¡IÖ‹
Ê #¡‹¡éΔ‹ Ê &˝ ‹ Ê &˝ @‹ ‰ ◊ π π π
Ê Ü˛ Ä‹ Ê ¸ Ä‹ Ê
˛ € Ê
«Èçx c^fi Ê -6í$%§âhfi Ê )$¢D(ëpfi Ê !“IßHJI“Äfi Ê gÅ I∞rF¨pfi · Ä › · Ä ›
‚ ¿ p› π π π „ ÿ Ê |˛ ˆ˛ 0„ Ê Ä "˛ bd Ä 0„ Ê ¿ c˛ ¬(¿‡ Ê ›ôõc4fiêÄ0√9¶gȉ Ê 1âä“c=∂ëé00üi˛-i‰ Ê 1ã Δ3'·ÑX1éÒú~~‰ Ê ñ¥Ã#v¿åò ¡Xl‰ Ê 7a‰Äqº {H‰ Ê Ä÷ Ê /’ π π π π Ê
8 fl Ê
fl Ê
Ä ( fl Ê
∏¯SÖHiöÁ1◊fl Ê
Ÿ)¶ÖX⁄Àf⁄[fl Ê
êô/ëñEôfl Ê
1∫S| ±æñÔî∑fl Ê
y3ùßç8Û ÃÁ6fl π π π π π π π Ê 8`˛ ¿„ Ê lê Ä 0 Ä Ä„ Ê Õê˛ 0` Ä„ Ê Ÿ‡˚ú ,)¿x†˚∏úÁ¿Â Ê z`€$
$”@Ì €H
5¶¿Â Ê 2`íÃóÄœí {ƒÄÂ Ê $b@ßN
âæ0»@ßñ„‰ Ê 9ÅÅΔv ”pAΔÊ
=Ó‰ ‰ ¸ ˝ ‰ ò H Ä ¿9 Ä ¿9çˇªÕı ‰ ¸ @ ˝ ‰ ‰ Ä˚ IJ ‰ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π Ê ¿@¸ <‡ Ê Ä Ä˛ @ ‡ Ê ÄÄ@ Ä ‡ Ê
ˇªMı π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π Ê ‡@ÿ Ê `¿ÿ Ê AÄÿ Ê ¬Äÿ Ê ƒÄÿ Ê ∏è¿ÿ Ê 1Å◊ Ê ¡◊ π π π π π π π
Ê ¸¿ CÄ·‹
Ê d¿ §¿bê‹
Ê ¿ ∞ÄF»‹ ò H @ Ä9 @ Ä9Mˇªçı
Ê ÒüÅ≥ Δ»‹
Ê –≥!ÄÃà‹
Ê !Åúa∏çà‹
Ê !Å0¡IÖ‹
Ê #¡‹¡éΔ‹ Ê &˝ ‹ Ê &˝ @‹ ‰ ◊ π π π
Ê Ü˛ Ä‹ Ê ¸ Ä‹ Ê
˛ € Ê
«Èçx c^fi Ê -6í$%§âhfi Ê )$¢D(ëpfi Ê !“IßHJI“Äfi Ê gÅ I∞rF¨pfi · Ä › · Ä ›
‚ ¿ p› π π π „ ÿ Ê |˛ ˆ˛ 0„ Ê Ä "˛ bd Ä 0„ Ê ¿ c˛ ¬(¿‡ Ê ›ôõc4fiêÄ0√9¶gȉ Ê 1âä“c=∂ëé00üi˛-i‰ Ê 1ã Δ3'·ÑX1éÒú~~‰ Ê ñ¥Ã#v¿åò ¡Xl‰ Ê 7a‰Äqº {H‰ Ê Ä÷ Ê /’ π π π π Ê
8 fl Ê
fl Ê
Ä ( fl Ê
∏¯SÖHiöÁ1◊fl Ê
Ÿ)¶ÖX⁄Àf⁄[fl Ê
êô/ëñEôfl Ê
1∫S| ±æñÔî∑fl Ê
y3ùßç8Û ÃÁ6fl π π π π π π π Ê 8`˛ ¿„ Ê lê Ä 0 Ä Ä„ Ê Õê˛ 0` Ä„ Ê Ÿ‡˚ú ,)¿x†˚∏úÁ¿Â Ê z`€$
$”@Ì €H
5¶¿Â Ê 2`íÃóÄœí {ƒÄÂ Ê $b@ßN
âæ0»@ßñ„‰ Ê 9ÅÅΔv ”pAΔÊ
=Ó‰ ‰ ¸ ˝ ‰ ò H Ä ¿9 Ä ¿9çˇªÕı ‰ ¸ @ ˝ ‰ ‰ Ä˚ IJ ‰ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π Ê ¿@¸ <‡ Ê Ä Ä˛ @ ‡ Ê ÄÄ@ Ä ‡ Ê
AddToShape ° d ONLN d $ \E hZ )< and ° d ONLN d ) \Z hñ )
NewPolygon ° d ONLN d 3 \ñ hà )<
functions ar R` ° d ONLN d @ \Ã hÙ )6
e utility ° d ONLN d J i ä u æ ( r ä functions pr R` ° d ONLN d V i æ u< )4ovided in the shape library 6† ° d ONLN d q i; u@ )}. ° d ONLN d s i@ uG )Y ° d ONLN d t iF uÖ )ou can use the ° d ONLN d É iÖ u¡ )?
AddToShape ° d ONLN d ç i¡ u )< function to add a ˇˇ’¥ ° d ONLN d † v ä Ç ’ ( äshape to a pictur ”| ° d ONLN d ± v ’ Ç )K
e and the ˇˇÅ Tò ° d ONLN d ª v Ç= ),
NewPolygon ˇˇ’¥ Tò ° d ONLN d ≈ v= Çw )< function to cr ® ° d ONLN d ‘ vw Ç ):#eate a polygon shape with a single . ° d ONLN d ˜ É ä è ¨ ( å äcontour +` ° d ONLN d ˛ É ¨ è ± )".)
≤ H ∫ 4 ≥ H ∫ " ≥ H_
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
° d ONLN d ® ä ≥ ª ( ∞ ä Listing 3-15 . ° d ONLN d ® Œ ≥ fl )DThe ° d ONLN d ® fl ≥- )
CreatePicture ° d ONLN d ®- ≥P )N function
° d ONLN d* ¬ ä Œ ( À ävoid CreatePicture() ° d ONLN d? – ä ‹ ê *{ ° d ONLN dB fi ú Í ∫ +long ° d ONLN dI fi ¿ Í⁄ )$/windowGeometry[] = {3, /* number of contours */ ° d ONLN d~ Ï ‰ ¯ Í +$ ° d ONLN dÇ Ï ¯8 )6 ° d ONLN dá Ï8 ¯» ) 4, /* points in frame */ ° d ONLN d• ˙ ‰ Í ( ‰ ° d ONLN d® ˙ )$* 0, 0, ff(30), 0, ff(30), ff(30), ° d ONLN d‹,8 +$ ° d ONLN dfi8Ê ) 0, ff(30), /* window frame */ ° d ONLN d$ ‰0‘ (- ‰( 2, /* vertical crossbar */ ° d ONLN d02 ‰>‘ *( ff(15), 0, ff(15), ff(30), ° d ONLN d_N ‰Z‘ * ( 2, /*horizontal crossbar*/ ° d ONLN dç\ ‰h⁄ *) 0, ff(15), ff(30), ff(15)}; ° d ONLN dπx úÑ ∫ (Å úlong ° d ONLN d¿x ¿Ñ
)$7houseGeometry[] = {7, /* # of points in house border */ ° d ONLN d˛Ü ˆí +6 ° d ONLN dÜí∂ )$ 0, ff(10), 0, ff(30), ° d ONLN d#î ˆ† (ù ˆ ° d ONLN d' )$& ff(100), ff(30), ff(100), ff(10), ° d ONLN dT¢ ˆÆ (´ ˆ ° d ONLN dX¢Æ∂ )$ 0, ff(10), ff(50), 0, ° d ONLN dy∞ ˆº (π ˆ ° d ONLN d}∞ºò )$ ff(100), ff(10)}; ° d ONLN dñà úÿ ‰ (’ ú gxRectangle ° d ONLN d£Ã ‰ÿ )H0doorGeometry = {ff(45), ff(15), ff(55), ff(30)}; ° d ONLN d÷Ë úÙ Ã (Ò úgxShape ° d ONLN d‡Ë ÃÙ¬ )0)windowShape, houseBorderShape, doorShape; ° d ONLN d úJ (
ú SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d, ú,û * +if (gShape != nil) GXDisposeShape (gShape); ° d ONLN d[< úHn * #gShape = GXNewShape(gxPictureType); ° d ONLN dÇX úd˛ * ;windowShape = GXNewPolygons((gxPolygons *) windowGeometry); ° d ONLN døf úr˛ *;houseBorderShape = NewPolygon((gxPolygon *) houseGeometry); ° d ONLN d¸t úÄò **doorShape = GXNewRectangle(&doorGeometry); ° d ONLN d)ê úú∂ * /GXSetShapeFill(houseBorderShape, gxHollowFill); ° d ONLN dZû ú™z *%AddToShape(gShape, houseBorderShape); ° d ONLN dŨ ú∏b *!GXDisposeShape(houseBorderShape); ˇ:P @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
. ° d ONLN d j ~ vn ( s ~(GXSetShapeFill(doorShape, gxHollowFill); ° d ONLN d * x ~ Ñ2 * AddToShape(gShape, doorShape); ° d ONLN d J Ü ~ í *GXDisposeShape(doorShape); ° d ONLN d g ¢ ~ Æz * *GXSetShapeFill(windowShape, gxHollowFill); ° d ONLN d ì ∞ ~ º> * AddToShape(gShape, windowShape); ° d ONLN d µ æ ~ & * GXDisposeShape(windowShape); ° d ONLN d ” à ~ ÿn *(GXMoveShapeTo(gShape, ff(200), ff(115)); ° d ONLN d ¸ ⁄ l Ê r ( „ l} ° d ONLN d ˛ Ú l ˛ Ñ *Figur R` ° d ONLN d Ú Ñ ˛ ô )e 3-1 ≈¿ ° d ONLN d Ú ò ˛ ù )1 ≈¿ ° d ONLN d Ú ù ˛* ) shows each element, and the fi ≈¿ ° d ONLN d( Ú* ˛? )çnal r ò ° d ONLN d- Ú? ˛w )esult, of the ò ° d ONLN d; Úw ˛≈ )8
CreatePicture ò ° d ONLN dH Ú≈ ˛Ó )N
function.
*1¯ 4! *1¯ "! *]
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
. ° d ONLN dS l! ú ( l Figure 3-11 ° d ONLN d_ Æ! ¥ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d` ¥! Ï ) picture shape
. ° d ONLN dp
l ° ( l Listing 3-16 ° d ONLN d|
° È )5 shows the appr R` ° d ONLN dã
ÈP )Hopriate changes to the R` ° d ONLN d¢
PÊ )gSetUpEraserAndInvalWindow R` ° d ONLN dª
ÊË )ñ ° d ONLN dº l& € (# lfunction to handle pictur R` ° d ONLN d’ €&` )o es. This function now uses the R` ° d ONLN dÙ`&¥ )ÖGXGetShapeType R` ° d ONLN d¥&Á )T
function to ° d ONLN d' l3 ¨ (0 ltest if the curr R` ° d ONLN d ' ¨3 º )@ent R` ° d ONLN d#' º3 ‡ )gShape R` ° d ONLN d)' ‡3H )$ shape object is a pictur $¿ ° d ONLN dB'H3´ )he. If not, the function r ˜ ° d ONLN d['™3˜ )bemains the same ° d ONLN dk4 l@ è (= las befor R` ° d ONLN ds4 è@ – )#e, copying the R` ° d ONLN dÇ4 –@ Ù )AgShape R` ° d ONLN dà4 Ù@„ )$7 shape to an eraser shape and setting the color of the ˇˇXé ° d ONLN døA lM Ï (J l eraser shape to white. If the ˇ˛ ™ ìT ° d ONLN d›A ÏM )ÄgShape ˇˇXé ìT ° d ONLN d„AMZ )$ shape is a pictur «Ï ° d ONLN dıAZM¢ )Je, the function cr £ˆ ° d ONLN dA¢MΔ )H eates a r 'r ° d ONLN dA«M¯ )% ectangular ° d ONLN dN lZ= (W l0eraser shape just big enough to cover the pictur R` ° d ONLN dKN=Zr )—
e, using the R` ° d ONLN dXNrZ“ )5GXGetShapeBounds R` ° d ONLN dhN“Z‘ )` . ° d ONLN di[ lg ì (d l function.
Ê Ú 0 π ÷  fi ~› Ê ˚ √˚ 0 ‡ ¯ ĸ Â Ê ¸ ?˛ ¸¸ 0 · ‡˛ ‡‡ · ¸¸ ?˝  ‚ ĸ ¯· Ê ˙ ¿ 0Â
„ ~¯ ~ Â Ê ¿¯ 0Â
‰ ?ˆˇ ˛„ ò H ¿ 5 ¿ 5JˇÜäº ‰ ˆ Â
‰ ˆ „ Ê ˆ 0Â ‰ ˆ Â Ê ˆ 0Â
‰ ˆ „ ‰ ˆ Â
‰ ˆ „ Ê ˆ 0Â ‰ ˆ Â Ê ˆ 0Â
‰ ˆ „ ‰ ˆ Â
‰ ˆ „ Ê ˆ 0Â ‰ ˆ Â Ê ˆ 0Â
‰ ˆ „ ‰ ˆ Â
‰ ?ˆˇ ˛„
Ê Ú 0Â ÷ Â
Ê Ú 0Â π ÷ Â π
Ê Ú 0 ÷ Â Ê ¸ p Ä˝ 0 ‡ H ć ‡ “fI≥≥˝  ‡ 2ˇrd˙‡ Ê ¸ 2ÿJd¬˝ 0 ‡ Œgq£∫˝ Â
Ê Ú 0Â π ÷ Â π
Ê Ú 0Â ÷ Â
Ê Ú 0Â π ÷ Â π
Ê Ú 0Â ÷ Â
Ê Ú 0Â π ÷ Â π
Ê Ú 0Â ÷ Â
Ê Ú 0Â π ÷ Â π Ê ˆ 0Â
⁄ @ Â Ê ˆ @ 0Â ⁄ @‚
⁄ @  ⁄ @‚ Ê ?˙ @ 0 „ !˙ @  ò H @5 @5äˇÜ º Ê !˙ @ 0 „ !˙ @‚ „ !˙ @  „ ?˙ @‚ Ê !˙ @ 0 „ !˙ @ Â Ê !˙ @ 0 „ ?˙ ‚ ÷  π
Ê Ú 0Â ÷ Â
Ê Ú 0Â „ Ä@˙ · ‚ @˙ ˛ Â ‰ πÕ(˚ ;3‚ Ê ¶Sh˚ L 0Â ‰
¶R®˚ L Â Ê •Ãê˚ ;2 0Â π ÷ Â π
Ê Ú 0Â ÷ Â
Ê Ú 0Â π ÷ Â π
Ê Ú 0Â ÷ Â
Ê Ú 0Â π ÷ Â π
Ê Ú 0Â ÷ Â
Ê Ú 0Â π ÷ Â π
Ê Ú 0Â ÷ Â
Ê Ú 0Â π ÷ Â π
Ê Ú 0Â ÷ Â
Ê Ú 0Â π ÷ Â π
Ê Ú 0Â ÷ Â
Ê Ú 0Â π ÷ Â π
Ê Ú 0Â
fi ~˙ Â Ê ˚ √˚ 0Â
‡ ¯ Äfl ‡ ?˛ ¸¸  · ‡˛ ‡‡ ò H@ Ä5@ Ä5 ˇÜ
º Ê ˝ ¸¸ ?˝ 0 ‚ ĸ ¯˛ Â Ê ˙ ¿ 0Â
„ ~¯ ~‚ ‰ ¿¯ Â
‰ ?ˆˇ ˛„ Ê ˆ 0 ‰ ˆ Â Ê ˆ 0Â
‰ ˆ „ ‰ ¸ ˇ¿˝  ‰ D @˝ „ Ê D @˝ 0 ‰ D @˝ Â Ê D @˝ 0 ‰ ¸ @˝ „ ‰ D @˝  ‰ D @˝ „ Ê D @˝ 0 ‰ ¸ @˝ Â Ê ˝ @˝ 0 ‰ ˝ @˝ „ ‰ ˝ @˝  ‰ ˝ @˝ „ Ê ˝ @˝ 0 ‰ ?ˆˇ˛ Â
° d ONLN d \ ä g ª ( d ä Listing 3-16 . ° d ONLN d
\ Πg fl )DThe ,
Courier ° d ONLN d \ fl gu )SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow ° d ONLN d * \u g„ )ñ function for picture shapes
° d ONLN d I Ñ ä êP ( ç ä!void SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow () ° d ONLN d k í ä û ê *{ ° d ONLN d n † ú ¨§ +,if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxEmptyType) { ° d ONLN d ü º Æ »º + -if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxPictureType) ° d ONLN d œ Æ ÷ ¥ *{ ° d ONLN d ‘ ÿ ¿ ‰Ú +3gEraserShape = GXCopyToShape(gEraserShape, gShape); ° d ONLN d Ê ¿ ÚD *GXResetShape (gShape); ° d ONLN d$ Ù Æ ∫ ( ˝ Æ} ° d ONLN d) Æ Ã *else ° d ONLN d1 Æ ¥ *{ ° d ONLN d6 ¿*∞ +(GXGetShapeBounds (gShape, &boundsShape); ° d ONLN db, ¿8» *,gEraserShape = GXNewRectangle(&boundsShape); ° d ONLN dë: ÆF ¥ (C Æ} ° d ONLN dîH úT ¢ (Q ú ° d ONLN dñH ÆTº )-SetShapeCommonColor (gEraserShape, qd2white); ° d ONLN d≈V úb ¢ (_ ú} ° d ONLN d…r ú~ * InvalidWindowRect (); ° d ONLN dflÄ äå ê (â ä} . ° d ONLN d·ò ä§ ≠ *For mor ¿ ° d ONLN dËò Ƨ" )$e information about pictur ∫† ° d ONLN dò"§∞ )t!e shapes, see the chapter “Pictur ¸ ° d ONLN d#ò∞§È )é
e Shapes” in ` ° d ONLN d0òͧ ):Inside ° d ONLN d7• ä±! (Æ ä Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics Ä ° d ONLN dW•"±$ )ò. ˇ™ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
Changing T «Ä ° d ONLN d æ| Ìà8 )3ext Size and Font s` ° d ONLN d —|Mà_ )`4-13 ° d ONLN d ÷â ∫ï ˛ (í ∫Changing the T $‡ ° d ONLN d ‰â ˛ï! )Dext Face ¢Ä ° d ONLN d Óâ5ïG )74-14 ° d ONLN d Ûñ ∫¢I (ü ∫ Insetting and Outsetting the Pen χ ° d ONLN dñ]¢o )£4-14 ° d ONLN d£ ∫Ø> (¨ ∫ Changing the Style of a Pictur lÄ ° d ONLN d8£>Øi )Ñ e Element 5@ ° d ONLN dC£~Øê )@4-17 ˇZ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
° d ONLN d \ ä hç ( e ä8This chapter shows you how to implement functions that r [Ä ° d ONLN d 8 \ç h¯ ( eçespond to menu items fr ° d ONLN d O \˘ h )lom ° d ONLN d R i ä u€ ( r äJthe sample application’s Style menu. These sample drawing functions each r Ë@ ° d ONLN d ú i€ u ( r€ espond to a ° d ONLN d ® v ä Ç ñ ( ädif ™` ° d ONLN d ´ v ñ Ç ¢ ) fer å‡ ° d ONLN d Æ v ¢ Çy ) 0ent item of the Style menu and demonstrate a dif (Ä ° d ONLN d fi vz ÇÜ )ÿfer ° d ONLN d · vÜ Ç† ) ent pr /Ä ° d ONLN d Á v† Ç ) operty of the style object. ° d ONLN d É ä è ( å äTThe style object allows you to add stylistic variations to your QuickDraw GX shapes— ° d ONLN dW ê ä ú º *
variations r Ä ° d ONLN dc ê Ω ú Ê )3 unning fr ö ° d ONLN dl ê Ê úfl ));om line thickness to text face to patterns within a shape.
° d ONLN d¿ fl ä Î ( Ë äQWhen QuickDraw GX draws a shape with contours (a curve, for example, or a hollow ° d ONLN d Ï ä ¯ *
!polygon), it uses the pen size pr ø ° d ONLN d2 Ï ¯ )å:operty of the shape’s style object to determine how thick ° d ONLN dl ˘ ä Ò ( äthe contours should be. ° d ONLN dÑ ä *The QuickDraw GX pen pr æ@ ° d ONLN dõ < )w
Tdrawing it. QuickDraw GX always positions the pen so that it is perpendiclar to the ° d ONLN dÄ2 ä>Ø *
Acontour being drawn, which causes the ends of the contour to be fl =Ä ° d ONLN d¬2∞> (;∞at, no matter what the ° d ONLN dŸ? äK ¨ (H äcontour ¶ ° d ONLN d‡? ≠Kî )#8’s angle. The length of this line segment is called the }` ° d ONLN d?ïK∫ )Ëpen size ˘ ° d ONLN d ?∫Kº )%. . ° d ONLN d"Q ä] Ù (Z äThe pen size can be any ,
Courier ° d ONLN d:Q Ù] )jfixed ° d ONLN d?Q]m ) value, including zer R` ° d ONLN dTQm]Ï )[o, which causes QuickDraw R` ° d ONLN dnQÏ] )GX to ˇˇÔx ° d ONLN dt^ äj ı (g ädraw hairline contours. ° d ONLN då^ ıj ˝ )kA ch ° d ONLN dç^ ˝j ˛ ) ˇˇŒh R‡ ° d ONLN dé^ ˇj/ )hairline ˇˇÔx R‡ ° d ONLN dñ^/j‡ )0* is the thinnest possible line given the r ° ° d ONLN d¿^‡j )±
esolution of . ° d ONLN dÕk äw (t ä!a device: one device pixel wide. ° d ONLN dÔ} äâ ∏ * Listing 4-1 @ ° d ONLN d˙} πâî )/3 shows how to set the pen size of the line shape cr b@ ° d ONLN d-}î⡠)€eated in Chapter 3. This ° d ONLN dFä äñi (ì ä4function, like many of the functions in this chapter ÷ ° d ONLN dzähñ )fi), uses one of these constants to specify ° d ONLN d£ó ä£ ¿ († ä
the pen size: . ° d ONLN d±Æ ä∫ ¥ *#define ° d ONLN dªÆ ¿∫ )6kThinnerPenWidth ° d ONLN d“Æ>∫D )~2 ° d ONLN d‘º ä» ¥ (≈ ä#define ° d ONLN dfiº ¿» )6
kThinPenWidth ° d ONLN dÚº>»D )~5 ° d ONLN dÙ ä÷ ¥ (” ä#define ° d ONLN d˛ ¿÷ )6kMediumPenWidth ° d ONLN d >÷J )~15 ° d ONLN dÿ ä‰ ¥ (· ä#define ° d ONLN d!ÿ ¿‰ )6kThickPenWidth ° d ONLN d6ÿ>‰J )~30 ° d ONLN d9Ê äÚ ¥ (Ô ä#define ° d ONLN dCÊ ¿Ú, )6kVeryThickPenWidth ° d ONLN d\Ê>ÚJ )~45 ° d ONLN d_˛ ä
‹ ( äSince pen size is a ° d ONLN ds˛ ‹
˙ )Rfixed ° d ONLN dx˛ ˙
f ) value, you must use the ° d ONLN dë˛f
r )lff ° d ONLN dì˛r
˙ ) function with these constants.
- H5 4. H5 ". H_
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
. ° d ONLN d≥# ä. ∂ (+ ä Listing 4-1 . ° d ONLN dø# Œ. fl )DThe ° d ONLN d√# fl.? )CreateAThickLine ° d ONLN d”#?.b )` function
° d ONLN dfi= äI (F ävoid CreateAThickLine() ° d ONLN dˆK äW ê *{ ° d ONLN d˘Y úeí +)if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxLineType) ° d ONLN d$g ús ˆ * CreateLine(); ° d ONLN d5u úÅ ¥ *else ° d ONLN d;É úè\ * SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d^ü ú´§ * ,GXSetShapePen (gShape, ff(kMediumPenWidth)); ° d ONLN dã≠ äπ ê (∂ ä} ˇ;& @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
Courier ° d ONLN d \ ï h ))CreateAFramedRectangle ° d ONLN d \ hÛ )Ñ5 function, in Listing 3-7 on page 3-9, this function ˇˇ ( ° d ONLN d T i l u s ( r lfi ° d ONLN d V i s u … )rst tests to see if the ˇ˝Zx 4 ° d ONLN d n i u Ó )WgShape ˇˇ ( 4 ° d ONLN d t i Ó u# )$
shape is alr a» ° d ONLN d Å i# u] )5
eady the corr px ° d ONLN d é i] u¯ ):(ect type—in this case, a line. If it is ° d ONLN d ∂ v l Ç ‰ ( l not, this function calls the ° d ONLN d ” v ‰ Ç )x
CreateLine ° d ONLN d › v ÇP )< function fr R` ° d ONLN d È vP Çæ )0om the last chapter to cr $¿ ° d ONLN d væ Ç )n eate a line ° d ONLN d É l è é ( å lshape r R` ° d ONLN d É é è † )"efer $¿ ° d ONLN d É † è# ) enced by the global variable $¿ ° d ONLN d6 É# èG )ÉgShape $¿ ° d ONLN d< ÉG èJ )$. ° d ONLN d> ï l ° Ä ( û lThe ° d ONLN dB ï Ä ° ‡ )CreateAThickLine ° d ONLN dR ï ‡ °l )` sample function then calls the ° d ONLN dr ïl °∫ )å
GXSetShapePen ° d ONLN d ï∫ °Â )N function, . ° d ONLN dä ¢ l Æ â ( ´ lwhich: ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN dë ∏ l ø q *n
ˇˇ° . ° d ONLN dì µ x ¡v ) 8determines whether the style object associated with the ˇ˛„$ à` ° d ONLN dÀ µv ¡ö )˛gShape ˇˇ° à` ° d ONLN d— µö ¡Î )$ line shape is shar fi ° d ONLN d‰ µÎ ¡˜ )Qed ° d ONLN dÁ ¡ x Õ¥ ( xHwith any other shapes and, if so, makes a copy the style object for the ° d ONLN d/ ¡¥ Õÿ ( ¥gShape ° d ONLN d5 ¡ÿ ÕÓ )$ line . ° d ONLN d; Õ x Ÿ ë ( ÷ xshape
° d ONLN dA ‚ l È q ( Ë ln
. ° d ONLN dC fl x Î π ) sets the pen pr R` ° d ONLN dR fl π Îc )A(operty of the style object to the value R` ° d ONLN dz flc Î’ )™ff(kMediumPenWidth) ° d ONLN dé l Ñ ( lFigur R` ° d ONLN dì Ñ ô )e 4-1 R` ° d ONLN dò ô œ ) shows the r $¿ ° d ONLN d§ œ )6
esult of the $¿ ° d ONLN d±d )5CreateAThickLine $¿ ° d ONLN d¡d« )` function. Notice that . ° d ONLN dÿ l ¢ ( l
QuickDraw —† ° d ONLN d‚ ¢Æ )6@GX positions the pen so that it is perpendicular to the line, cr •` ° d ONLN d"Æ— (Æeating fl á ° d ONLN d+“‹ )$at ° d ONLN d. l(ë (% lEedges at the ends of the line, even though the line is on a diagonal.
J *[¯ 4K *[¯ "K *]
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
° d ONLN dt@ lK ñ *#
Figure 4-1 ° d ONLN d@ ÆK ¥ )BA 0 ° d ONLN dÄ@ ¥K Ÿ ) thick line
° d ONLN dç lu ( l<The next section gives another example of setting the pen pr ø ° d ONLN d…uí (uoperty ®¿ ° d ONLN dœëì ) .
. ° d ONLN dÍT l` ú (] l Listing 4-2 ° d ONLN dıT ú` Œ )0 shows the ° d ONLN d T Œ`4 )2CreateAThickCurve ° d ONLN dT4`• )f function, which uses the ° d ONLN d+T•`Û )q
GXSetShapePen ° d ONLN d8TÛ`ı )N . ° d ONLN d9a lm. (j l.function to set the pen size of a curve shape.
° d ONLN d \ ä g ∂ ( d ä Listing 4-2 . ° d ONLN d \ Œ g fl )DThe ,
Courier ° d ONLN d \ fl gE )CreateAThickCurve ° d ONLN d ! \E gh )f function
° d ONLN d , v ä Ç ( ävoid CreateAThickCurve() ° d ONLN d E Ñ ä ê ê *{ ° d ONLN d H í ú ûò +*if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxCurveType) ° d ONLN d u † Æ ¨ +CreateCurve(); ° d ONLN d Ö Æ ú ∫ ¥ ( ∑ úelse ° d ONLN d å º Æ »\ + SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d ¨ ÿ ú ‰û ( · ú+GXSetShapePen (gShape, ff(kThickPenWidth)); ° d ONLN d ÿ Ê ä Ú ê ( Ô ä} . ° d ONLN d ⁄ ˛ ä
¢ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN d fl ˛ ¢
∂ )e 4-2 @ ° d ONLN d ‰ ˛ ∂
Î ) shows the r *Ä ° d ONLN d ˛ Ï
K )6esult of this function. ï` ° d ONLN d ˛K
û )_Again, notice the fl ; ° d ONLN d ˛ü
)T at edges at the ends of the ° d ONLN d8 ä • ( äcurve.
9 HJ 4: HJ ": H]
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
° d ONLN d?/ ä: ¥ *#
Figure 4-2 ° d ONLN dJ/ Ã: “ )BA 0 ° d ONLN dK/ “: ˇ ) thick curve
° d ONLN dY› äÈ ≠ (Ê äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d`› ÆÈ≥ )$7e information about the QuickDraw GX pen and the pen pr ò‡ ° d ONLN dó›≥Èı (Ê≥operty of style ° d ONLN dßÍ äˆS (Û ä/objects, see the chapter “Geometric Styles” in B† ° d ONLN d÷ÍTˆ ) 'Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics –† ° d ONLN d˝Íˆ )≤.
° d ONLN d9 äE (B äYThe style object allows you to specify whether the contours of a shape should be dashed. ° d ONLN dsF äRß *
=QuickDraw GX allows dashes to be any arbitrary shape—lines, r t ° d ONLN d∞FßR (Oßectangles, polygons, ° d ONLN d≈S ä_ ◊ (\ äpaths, and so on. ã¿ ° d ONLN d◊S ◊_ › )MY L@ ° d ONLN dÿS ›_ )"ou can also specify how QuickDraw Y@ ° d ONLN d˙S_˛ )¢ GX applies the dashes to the ° d ONLN d` älû (i ä<contour—for example, how far apart to place the dashes, wher \ ° d ONLN dS`ûlª (iûe the fi ¿ ° d ONLN d[`ºl ) rst dash starts and ° d ONLN dom äy> (v ä)whether to clip the dashes to the contour ÜÄ ° d ONLN dòm?yÍ )µ'’s thickness or let them extend beyond. ° d ONLN d¿ äã ¿ (à ä
QuickDraw —† ° d ONLN d ¿ãƒ )6:GX even allows you to use text to dash another shape. The . ° d ONLN då äò ˆ (ï äCreateADashedCurve ° d ONLN då ˆòK )l function, shown in ° d ONLN d*åKò{ )U Listing 4-3 ° d ONLN d5å{òˇ )0 , shows how to wrap the text . ° d ONLN dRô ä•I (¢ ä&“QuickDraw™ GX” to the curve shape defi £@ ° d ONLN dyôI•¶ )øned in Chapter 3, “Pr KÄ ° d ONLN déôß•Á )^ ogramming W ' ° d ONLN dôôÁ•ı )@ith ° d ONLN dù¶ ä≤ ∞ (Ø äShapes.”
° d ONLN d \ l h ± ( e lThis function cr € ° d ONLN d \ ± hC )E!eates the curve shape and then cr P ° d ONLN d 1 \D hd )ìeates a b¿ ° d ONLN d 9 \d h§ ) dash structure Ä ° d ONLN d G \• hÔ )A, which contains ° d ONLN d X i l uõ ( r lEthe information necessary to apply the text shape to the curve shape: ,
Courier . ° d ONLN d û Ä l å à *typedef struct { ° d ONLN d ∞ é ~ ö& + gxDashAttributes attributes; ° d ONLN d Œ ú ~ ® à *
gxShape dash; ° d ONLN d › ™ ~ ∂ “ *fixed advance; ° d ONLN d Ì ∏ ~ ƒ Δ * fract phase; ° d ONLN d ˚ Δ ~ “ Δ * fixed scale; ° d ONLN d ‘ l ‡ Δ ( › l} gxDashRecord; ° d ONLN d Ï l ¯ Ä *The ° d ONLN d Ï Ä ¯ ò )dash ° d ONLN d Ï ò ¯ ° ) fi ° d ONLN d# Ï ° ¯ Ù ) eld of the dash str l ° d ONLN d6 Ï Ù ¯
)Suctur >` ° d ONLN d; Ï
¯— )-e contains the actual text shape (which is cr ¿ ° d ONLN dh Ï— ¯Ì )«eated . ° d ONLN dn ˘ l ( l)using functions discussed in the section Ô¿ ° d ONLN dó ˘ V )± “Changing T 7@ ° d ONLN d¢ ˘VÊ )9 ext Size and Font” beginning on ° d ONLN d¬ l É ( lpage Z‡ ° d ONLN d« Ñ ñ )4-13 Æ¿ ° d ONLN dÀ ñ û )). ˇˇbv . ° d ONLN dœ l$ ç (! lFor the ˇ˛'b DÏ ° d ONLN d◊ é$ )"
attributes ˇˇbv DÏ ° d ONLN d· $ “ )< fi ßb ° d ONLN d‰ “$ ˆ ) eld, the ˇ˛'b lN ° d ONLN dÌ ˜$9 )% gxBreakDash ˇˇbv lN ° d ONLN d¯9$¯ )B- attribute is set, which indicates that each . ° d ONLN d%% l1¥ (. lJglyph in the text shape should be individually placed on the contour and r Ò@ ° d ONLN do%¥1Í (.¥
appears as 35 point. ˇˇ" . ° d ONLN dϪ l« ∫ *Once the dash str <f ° d ONLN d˝ª ª« — )Ouctur Δ ° d ONLN dª —«! )e is complete, the ˇˇ–f œN ° d ONLN dª!«ç )PCreateADashedCurve ˇˇ" œN ° d ONLN d'ªç«˜ )l function adds the dash ° d ONLN d?» l‘ Ï (— l to the curve shape using the ° d ONLN d\» Ï‘@ )ÄGXSetShapeDash ° d ONLN dj»@‘i )T
function.
˜ *ˇ¯ 4¯ *ˇ¯ "¯ *_
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
. ° d ONLN duÌ l¯ ò (ı l Listing 4-3 . ° d ONLN dÅÌ ∞¯ ¡ )DThe ° d ONLN dÖÌ ¡¯- )CreateADashedCurve ° d ONLN dóÌ-¯P )l function
° d ONLN d¢ l ( lvoid CreateADashedCurve() ° d ONLN dº l! r *{ ° d ONLN dø# ~/ Δ + gxDashRecord ° d ONLN dœ# Δ/ ¸ )H textDash; ° d ONLN d€? ~Kz (H ~*if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxCurveType) ° d ONLN dM ~Y fi * CreateCurve(); ° d ONLN d[ ~g ñ *else ° d ONLN d i ~u> * SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN dAÖ lëò (é l2/* Create the gxShape that will be used to dash */ ° d ONLN duì ~ü, + textDash.dash = GXNewText(13, ° d ONLN dú°≠› +ê"(unsigned char*)"QuickDraw™ GX", ° d ONLN d»Øª, *nil); ˇ:\ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
. ° d ONLN d \ ú h™ ( e ú-SetShapeCommonFont(textDash.dash, timesFont); ° d ONLN d / j ú vò **GXSetShapeTextSize(textDash.dash, ff(35)); ° d ONLN d [ x ú Ñò **GXSetShapeType(textDash.dash, gxPathType); ° d ONLN d á î ä †D ( ù ä /* Set up the dash structure */ ° d ONLN d ® ¢ ú Æh +"textDash.attributes = gxBreakDash; ° d ONLN d à ∞ ú º> *textDash.advance = ff(330); ° d ONLN d È æ ú *textDash.phase = 0; ° d ONLN d ˛ à ú ÿ, *textDash.scale = ff(35); ° d ONLN d Ë ä ÙD ( Ò ä /* Set up the dash structure */ ° d ONLN d9 ˆ úP + GXSetShapePen(gShape, ff(35)); ° d ONLN dY ún *#GXSetShapeDash (gShape, &textDash); ° d ONLN d ú,\ * GXDisposeShape(textDash.dash); ° d ONLN d†. ä: ê (7 ä} . ° d ONLN d¢F äR ¢ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN dßF ¢R ∂ )e 4-3 @ ° d ONLN d¨F ∂R Î ) shows the r *Ä ° d ONLN d∏F ÏRI )6esult of this function.
t HÖ 4u HÖ "u H]
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
° d ONLN d–j äu ¥ (r ä
Figure 4-3 ° d ONLN d€j Ãu “ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d‹j “u
)
dashed curve
° d ONLN dÎ] äi ≠ (f äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN dÚ] Æi◊ )$Ce information about dashing, see the chapter “Geometric Styles” in y‡ ° d ONLN d5]◊iÒ (f◊Inside ° d ONLN d<j äv! (s ä Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics Ä ° d ONLN d\j"v$ )ò. ° d ONLN d^| äà ≠ (Ö äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN de| Æà{ )$1e information about text styles, see the section \ ° d ONLN dñ|{ॠ)Õ “Changing T £Ä ° d ONLN d°|≥à )8ext Size and Font” ° d ONLN d¥â äï fi (í äbeginning on page V ° d ONLN dΔâ flï Ò )U4-13 ™ ° d ONLN d â Òï2 ) of this chapter ±Ä ° d ONLN d⁄â2ïâ )A, and the chapter “T y ° d ONLN dÓââïÍ )Wypographic Styles” of w` ° d ONLN dâÎï )bInside ° d ONLN d ñ ä¢ (ü äMacintosh: QuickDraw GX T Ä ° d ONLN d$ñ¢- )y ypography ¨‡ ° d ONLN d-ñ,¢. )).
° d ONLN d ô l •÷ ( ¢ lSJust as you can specify a dash to draw along the contours of a shape, you can also ° d ONLN d k ¶ l ≤ ç *
specify D` ° d ONLN d s ¶ é ≤ ° )"caps @† ° d ONLN d w ¶ ¢ ≤ Õ )
, which ar ÿ ° d ONLN d Å ¶ Õ ≤ı )+Be shapes you want to draw at the ends of another shape’s contours. ° d ONLN d ƒ ∏ l ƒ r ( ¡ lY @Ä ° d ONLN d ≈ ∏ r ƒ ª )ou set the cap pr ° d ONLN d ÷ ∏ ª ƒC )I!operty of a style object using a â` ° d ONLN d ˜ ∏C ƒ} )à
cap structure ` ° d ONLN d ∏~ ƒÄ );: ,
Courier . ° d ONLN d œ l € à ( ÿ ltypedef struct { ° d ONLN d › ~ È +gxCapAttribute attributes; ° d ONLN d4 Î ~ ˜ ‰ *gxShape startCap; ° d ONLN dG ˘ ~ ÿ *gxShape endCap; ° d ONLN dW l ¿ ( l} gxCapRecord; ˇˇéú ° d ONLN df l+ *The ˇ˛´‘ ú ° d ONLN dj Ä+ º )
attributes ˇˇéú ú ° d ONLN dt º+ ƒ )< fi ù8 ° d ONLN dw ƒ+ì ).eld lets you specify whether the cap shapes ar ‰x ° d ONLN d• ì+ù )œe r Et ° d ONLN d® û+¯ ) otated to match the ° d ONLN dº, l8 √ (5 lslope of the contour ¬† ° d ONLN d–, ¬8 ˙ )V
. Specifying ¬† ° d ONLN d›, ˙8N )8gxNoAttributes ¬† ° d ONLN dÎ,N8’ )T indicates the caps should be r ï ° d ONLN d
,’8ı )áotated . ° d ONLN d9 lE Œ (B l(the default behavior). . ° d ONLN d)K lW Ä *The ° d ONLN d-K ÄW ∞ )startCap ° d ONLN d5K ∞W ≈ )0 and ° d ONLN d:K ≈W È )endCap ° d ONLN d@K ÈW Ú )$ fi ° d ONLN dCK ÚWÛ ) ;elds specify the actual shapes to use as the start and end . ° d ONLN d~X ld Ç (a lcaps. . ° d ONLN dÑj lv ú * Listing 4-4 ° d ONLN dèj úv Œ )0 shows the ° d ONLN döj Œv: )2CreateACappedCurve ° d ONLN d¨j:vÔ )l' function, which adds a polygon shaped . ° d ONLN d”w lÉ Ã (Ä llike the head of an arr ° d ONLN dÍw ÕÉõ )a/ow and a polygon shaped like the tail of an arr Ò ° d ONLN dwöÉË )Õow to the ends of ° d ONLN d+Ñ lê ª (ç lthe curve shape fr ™@ ° d ONLN d=Ñ ªê ’ )Oom pr :‡ ° d ONLN dBÑ ÷ê! )evious examples.
. ° d ONLN d \ ú h ¥ ( e úelse ° d ONLN d j ú v\ * SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d ) Ü ú íz * %arrowHead = NewPolygon((gxPolygon *) ° d ONLN d N î ä †, ( ù ä&arrowHeadPolygonGeometry); ° d ONLN d k ¢ ú Æz +%arrowTail = NewPolygon((gxPolygon *) ° d ONLN d ê ∞ ä º, ( π ä&arrowTailPolygonGeometry); ° d ONLN d Æ Ã ú ÿh + "theCapRecord.startCap = arrowHead; ° d ONLN d “ ⁄ ú Ê\ * theCapRecord.endCap = arrowTail; ° d ONLN d Ù Ë ú Ùí *)theCapRecord.attributes = gxNoAttributes; ° d ONLN d! úz * %GXSetShapeCap(gShape, &theCapRecord); ° d ONLN dH ú û *+GXSetShapePen(gShape, ff(kMediumPenWidth)); ° d ONLN dv. ú:8 * GXDisposeShape(arrowHead); ° d ONLN dí< úH8 *GXDisposeShape(arrowTail); ° d ONLN d≠J äV ê (S ä} . ° d ONLN dØb än ¢ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN d¥b ¢n ∂ )e 4-4 @ ° d ONLN dπb ∂n Î ) shows the r *Ä ° d ONLN d≈b ÏnM )6esults of this function. ˇH @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
° d ONLN d:4 l@Ú (= lVQuickDraw GX also allows you to pattern shapes. Unlike dashes, caps, and joins, which ° d ONLN dêA lM t *
ar E ° d ONLN díA uM Ä ) e r S† ° d ONLN dïA ÄMT ) 1estricted to shapes with contours (shapes that ar ›† ° d ONLN dΔATM∑ )‘e framed rather than fi [† ° d ONLN d›A∏Mˆ )dlled), you can ° d ONLN dÏN lZ (W l#apply patterns to both framed and fi ¿ ° d ONLN dN
Z@ )° lled shapes. ° d ONLN d ` ll— (i lQAs with dashes, caps, and joins, you can use any shape to pattern another shape.
° d ONLN dn`“lÿ (i“Y Õ† ° d ONLN do`◊lˆ )ou use . ° d ONLN dvm ly ~ (v lthe . ° d ONLN dzm ~y … )pattern structure . I‡ ° d ONLN dãm y È )L to defi I‡ ° d ONLN dìm ÈyI ) ne a pattern, and the ,
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. ° d ONLN d \ ä h Í ( e ätypedef struct { ° d ONLN d j ú vP + gxPatternAttribute attributes; ° d ONLN d 2 x ú Ñ Δ *gxShape ° d ONLN d > x ˆ Ñ )Z ° d ONLN d @ x Ñ2 ) pattern; ° d ONLN d J Ü ú í Δ ( è úgxPoint ° d ONLN d V Ü ˆ í )Z ° d ONLN d X Ü í ) u; ° d ONLN d \ î ú † Δ ( ù úgxPoint ° d ONLN d h î ˆ † )Z ° d ONLN d j î † ) v; ° d ONLN d m ¢ ä Æ ˆ ( ´ ä} gxPatternRecord; ˇˇï¥ ° d ONLN d Ä ∫ ä Δ ù *The ˇ˛¡ ¥ ° d ONLN d Ñ ∫ û Δ ⁄ )
attributes ˇˇï¥ ¥ ° d ONLN d é ∫ ⁄ Δ ‚ )< fi ´h ° d ONLN d ë ∫ ‚ Δ )
eld of this r >‰ ° d ONLN d û ∫ Δ( )4ecor D ° d ONLN d ¢ ∫( Δ] ) d contains fl <¨ ° d ONLN d Ø ∫] Δ )5+ags that let you alter the behavior of the . ° d ONLN d ⁄ « ä ” ¨ ( – äpattern. . ° d ONLN d „ Ÿ ä  û *The ° d ONLN d Á Ÿ û  » )pattern ° d ONLN d Ó Ÿ »  — )* fi ° d ONLN d Ò Ÿ —  ) eld contains a r R` ° d ONLN d Ÿ Â' )Defer $¿ ° d ONLN d Ÿ' Â’ )(ence to the shape to use as the pattern. ˇˇ§h ° d ONLN d. Î ä ˜ ù ( Ù äThe ˇ˛Ì8 $h ° d ONLN d2 Î û ˜ § )u ˇˇ§h $h ° d ONLN d3 Î § ˜ ∏ ) and ˇ˛Ì8 m8 ° d ONLN d8 Î ∏ ˜ æ )v ˇˇ§h m8 ° d ONLN d9 Î æ ˜ Δ ) fi † ° d ONLN d< Î « ˜  ) elds ar àh ° d ONLN dC Î Â ˜M ) e vectors that, together ∏@ ° d ONLN d[ ÎM ˜ )h/, specify the grid to use when positioning the . ° d ONLN dä ¯ ä » ( äpattern shape. . ° d ONLN dô
ä Ú *The sample function in ° d ONLN d∞
Ú" )h Listing 4-5 ° d ONLN dª
" )04 patterns a thick curve shape with stars. Since the ° d ONLN dÔ
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) ° d ONLN dÒ ä# ë ( äfi ° d ONLN dÛ ë# Ô )eld of the pattern str l ° d ONLN d Ô# )^uctur >` ° d ONLN d#* )e specifi >` ° d ONLN d*#ß )% es a vertical vector and the >` ° d ONLN d4ß#≠ )}v >` ° d ONLN d5≠#∂ ) fi >` ° d ONLN d8∂#Â )
eld specifi >` ° d ONLN dCÂ#¯ )/es a . ° d ONLN dH$ ä0 ’ (- ähorizontal vector `¿ ° d ONLN dY$ ’0
)K, the stars ar ≤ ° d ONLN dg$
0Y )5e positioned in a r ÓÄ ° d ONLN dz$Y0¨ )Oectangular pattern.
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° d ONLN déI äT ∂ (Q ä Listing 4-5 . ° d ONLN döI ŒT fl )DThe ° d ONLN dûI flT] )CreateAPatternedCurve ° d ONLN d≥I]TÄ )~ function
° d ONLN dæc äo2 (l ä void CreateAPatternedCurve() ° d ONLN d€q ä} ê *{ ° d ONLN dfi úã Δ +gxShape ° d ONLN dÍ ˆã2 )Z
starShape; ° d ONLN dˆç úô ‰ (ñ ú gxRectangle ° d ONLN dç ˆôV )ZstarShapeBounds; ° d ONLN dõ úß ˆ (§ úgxPatternRecord ° d ONLN d-õ ˆß> )Z starPattern; ° d ONLN d=∑ ú√& (¿ úlong starGeometry[] = { ° d ONLN dU∑&√Œ )ä 1, /* number of contours */ ° d ONLN dz≈—& (Œ ° d ONLN d|≈&—¬ ) 5, /* number of points */ ° d ONLN dü”fl (‹ ° d ONLN d†” fl& ) ° d ONLN d°”&flŒ ) ff(60), 0, ff(90), ff(90), ° d ONLN dΔ·Ì (Í ° d ONLN d«· Ì& ) ° d ONLN d»·&Ì
)&ff(0), ff(30), ff(120), ff(30), ff(0), ° d ONLN d˜Ô˚ (¯ ° d ONLN d¯Ô ˚& ) ° d ONLN d˘Ô&˚º )ff(90)}; /* the points */ ° d ONLN d úò ( ú*if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxCurveType) ° d ONLN dA ú% ¸ * CreateCurve(); ° d ONLN dS' ú3 ¥ *else ° d ONLN dY5 úA\ * SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d|Q ú]Ê * 7starShape = GXNewPolygons((gxPolygons *) starGeometry); ° d ONLN dµ_ úk» *2GXScaleShape(starShape, fl(0.25), fl(0.25), 0, 0); ° d ONLN dÍ{ úá» * 2GXGetShapeBounds(starShape, 0L, &starShapeBounds); ° d ONLN d ó ú£‘ * 4starPattern.pattern = GXCopyToShape (nil,starShape); ° d ONLN dV≥ úø * starPattern.u.x = 0; ˇBƒ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
. ° d ONLN d \ ~ ht ( e ~)starPattern.u.y = starShapeBounds.bottom; ° d ONLN d + j ~ vò */starPattern.v.x = starShapeBounds.right + fix1; ° d ONLN d \ x ~ Ñ ˆ *starPattern.v.y = 0; ° d ONLN d s î ~ †P * #SetShapeCommonColor (gShape, blue); ° d ONLN d ò ¢ ~ Æò */GXSetShapePen (gShape, ff(kVeryThickPenWidth)); ° d ONLN d æ ~ n * (GXSetShapePattern(gShape, &starPattern); ° d ONLN d ı ⁄ ~ Ê * GXDisposeShape (starShape); ° d ONLN d Ë l Ù r ( Ò l} ° d ONLN d l Ä *The ° d ONLN d Ä ˛ )CreateAPatternedCurve ° d ONLN d, ˛ L )~ function uses the ° d ONLN d? L î )N GXScaleShape ° d ONLN dK î Ú )H function to scale the . ° d ONLN db
l^ ( l6star polygon down in both horizontal and vertical coor ¬ ° d ONLN dò
^≤ )Údinates so that mor w¿ ° d ONLN d´
≥Ú )Ue stars appear ° d ONLN d∫ l& ‹ (# lin the curve, as shown in ° d ONLN d‘ ›& ı )qFigur Ê¿ ° d ONLN dŸ Ù& )e 4-5 Ñ@ ° d ONLN dfi & ).
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Figure 4-5 ° d ONLN dÎ> ÆI ¥ )BA 0 ° d ONLN dÏ> ¥I ı ) patterned curve
° d ONLN d˛Ç lé è (ã lFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN dÇ êé' )$"e information about the pattern pr
` ° d ONLN d'Ç'é· )ó,operty of the shape object, see the chapter ° d ONLN dSè lõ Œ (ò l“Geometric Styles” in ≈Ä ° d ONLN diè ŒõÄ )b'Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics SÄ ° d ONLN dêèÅõÉ )≥.
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` Äć  .v)¡R4ΔπÃu¿·  6í”AVmbŸ∂ñ¿·  $FóÅdÀëfDÄ·  o%ælflEªÂ-¿·  M«”√Nyá39ÕÄ· π ò H @1 @1Àˇ≠ fl π π π π π π Â é˛ é ¿Â Â €$ Ñ Ä Ä ‰ ≥d @ 3¿ Ä  6x>ÓK‡x‡˚∏úÔÄÁ  ûò6“Ii†Ï`€H
Ó8œá4‹lœΔ<ôå„ ‰ ˝ ‡ ‰ ˝ ‡ ‰ p˝ 8› π π π  ‡ ‡ ( >‰  0 @ $ P Ê Â 0 @ dÄ ∞ `1Ä Ê Â √ZÒ≠h0∑ŸÓ °º1≥\g3@Ë Â ffi€oÿ€I∂ °¯1ìÙ∂€¿Ë  lòñMêåíQ$Òêc3yÖõÁ  m—¶È∏â∑sÓ¡18f"aØíÁ  á∞√ÿÒ¶cl√{0¯><ÃÊÁ › @ ć fi Äfl π π π π π ò H @ Ä1 @ Ä1 ˇ≠Kfl  áÄ ˛ ˜‡· Â É d˛ b@ @‰  ( l @ b@ ĉ  HkKç[ÄΔ˚ Ù◊3@Ê Â XŸ çõmăì%Ω∂€¿Ê  ëì‰* 2I ƒñ3%õ  ±∫ N ∑€·èˇK£í Â
Ó8œá4‹lœΔ<ôå„ ‰ ˝ ‡ ‰ ˝ ‡ ‰ p˝ 8› π π π  ‡ ‡ ( >‰  0 @ $ P Ê Â 0 @ dÄ ∞ `1Ä Ê Â √ZÒ≠h0∑ŸÓ °º1≥\g3@Ë Â ffi€oÿ€I∂ °¯1ìÙ∂€¿Ë  lòñMêåíQ$Òêc3yÖõÁ  m—¶È∏â∑sÓ¡18f"aØíÁ  á∞√ÿÒ¶cl√{0¯><ÃÊÁ › @ ć fi Äfl π π π π π ò H @ Ä1 @ Ä1 ˇ≠Kfl  áÄ ˛ ˜‡· Â É d˛ b@ @‰  ( l @ b@ ĉ  HkKç[ÄΔ˚ Ù◊3@Ê Â XŸ çõmăì%Ω∂€¿Ê  ëì‰* 2I ƒñ3%õ  ±∫ N ∑€·èˇK£í Â
° d ONLN d ô ä • ( ¢ ä!The style object also contains pr û† ° d ONLN d > ô •ˆ )å3operties that apply to the typographic shapes. The ° d ONLN d q ¶ ä ≤ fl ( Ø äsample function in ç ° d ONLN d Ñ ¶ fl ≤
)U Listing 4-6 -` ° d ONLN d è ¶ ≤⁄ )/. shows how to change the text size and font pr €Ä ° d ONLN d Ω ¶⁄ ≤ˇ )à operties.
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° d ONLN d « À ä ÷ ∂ ( ” ä Listing 4-6 . ° d ONLN d ” À Œ ÷ fl )DThe ,
Courier ° d ONLN d ◊ À fl ÷] )ChangeTextSizeAndFont ° d ONLN d Ï À] ÷Ä )~ function
° d ONLN d ˜ Â ä Ò2 ( Ó ä void ChangeTextSizeAndFont() ° d ONLN d Û ä ˇ ê *{ ° d ONLN d ú
í +)if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxTextType) ° d ONLN dB ú ˆ * CreateText(); ° d ONLN dS ú) ¿ *else { ° d ONLN d[+ ú7 Æ * ° d ONLN d_+ Æ7\ ) SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d~9 úE ¢ (B ú} ° d ONLN dÇU úan * #GXSetShapeTextSize(gShape, ff(45)); ° d ONLN dßc úoÄ *&SetShapeCommonFont(gShape, timesFont); ° d ONLN d— úã * CenterShapeInWindow(); ° d ONLN dËç äô ê (ñ ä} ° d ONLN dÍ• ä± Ì *This function uses the ° d ONLN d• ̱Y )cGXSetShapeTextSize ° d ONLN d•Y±fl )l! function to set the text size pr R` ° d ONLN d4•fl±
)Ü
operty of ° d ONLN d>≤ äæ- (ª ä%the style object associated with the ° d ONLN dc≤-æQ )£gShape ° d ONLN di≤Qæ‰ )$$ text shape to 45. It also uses the ˇ˛ãd ° d ONLN dçø äÀ ˆ (» äSetShapeCommonFont ˇˇÉà ° d ONLN düø ˆÀx )l function to change the font pr i( ° d ONLN dæøxÀ )Ç$operty of the style associated with ° d ONLN d‚à äÿ Ω (’ ä the shape. ° d ONLN dÌà Ωÿ ’ )3Figur R` ° d ONLN dÚà ’ÿ Í )e 4-6 R` ° d ONLN d˜Ã Íÿ ) shows the r $¿ ° d ONLN dà ÿõ )6 esult of this function. (The $¿ ° d ONLN d!Ãõÿ ){SetShapeCommonFont $¿ ° d ONLN d3Ãÿ )l ° d ONLN d4Ÿ ä (‚ ä function, along with the defi ° d ONLN dQŸ Â7 )Å nition for ° d ONLN d\Ÿ7Âm ), timesFont ° d ONLN deŸmÂÜ )6, is pr R` ° d ONLN dlŸÜ ) ovided in the QuickDraw font . ° d ONLN dâÊ äÚ ß (Ô älibrary 1 ° d ONLN dêÊ ßÚ ¨ ) .)
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° d ONLN dì
ä ¥ ( ä
Figure 4-6 ° d ONLN dû
à )B
Enlarged text
° d ONLN d≠z äÜ ≠ (É äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d¥z ÆÜ )$Qe information about text sizes and fonts as well as many other typographic style ° d ONLN dá äì ì (ê äpr G ° d ONLN dá îìD )
(operties, see the chapter “Fonts” and “T ô† ° d ONLN d/áCìà )Ø ypographic Styles” chapters of ó@ ° d ONLN dNáÕìÁ )äInside ° d ONLN dUî ä† (ù äMacintosh: QuickDraw GX T Ä ° d ONLN dnî†- )y ypography ¨‡ ° d ONLN dwî,†. )). ° d ONLN dy¶ ä≤ ê (Ø äY @Ä ° d ONLN dz¶ ê≤ )Qou might also want to examine the contents of the font library to discover other ° d ONLN dÀ≥ äø £ (º äfont-r v ° d ONLN d—≥ £ø Ó )elated utilities pr J‡ ° d ONLN d‰≥ Óøm )Kovided with QuickDraw GX.
¬ < ‡ ¡ Ò ò H @3 @3G áC *Ó $ Ä | ¿xx fi Äx p Δ > ‡Å Ò )Ï #Ä x ¿xx œ Äx ‡ôÊ > ‡Ä¯ ÄÚ *Ó $ Ä x ¿x< «Äćx¿ê‰ ‡ | Ò )Ï #¿ ¿x< C√¿Ä¿xÄ∞Ï ‡ | ÄÚ *Ó $ ¿ ¿x> É¡‡ÄÄxćx ć > Ò *Ó $ ‡‡ ¿x É¡Ä xćx ¿‡8 Ò *Ó $ ¿ ¿x É¿¯Ä< xćx ‡‡8 ÄÒ (Î |Ä ‡¸˛‡˛¡ ¸„Ú ¿0˛ ¸Ä¸ ¿ ÄÚ *Ó ˛ ˚Ûˇ¸ ˘ˇˇ ˇ¸~ ¿0˛ ?˛ˇ ˇÒ Î √˛ ¯ 8 IJ ¿˚ ÄÚ Ó ¯‚ Ò Ó ¸‚ Ò Ó ˛ ˛‚ Ò
Í · ÄÚ Ó ˛ Ä„ Ò Í ‚ ÄÚ Ó ˝ „ Ò
Ó fi Ò
Ó fi Ò … ÄÚ
Ó fi Ò
Ó ›Ã ÄÚ Ó ›3Ò π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π Í Äq¿‘ Í ò¿‘ Í Ä‘ Í Ä‘ Í !Ä‘ ò H@ Ä3@ Ä3á «C Í <A” Í @ã” Í ¡˜Ä‘ π π π π π π π
Í ?0 ˛ 8ÿ
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Í <o¿Ÿ@€ƒÿ
Í 49ÅíAódÿ
Í `n∑˝∂dÿ
Í `X`†Ä¶Dÿ
Í ~`¿Ä√àÿ Í ˝ ÿ Í ˝ ÿ Ë ” π π π Í Ä ¿÷ Í ˛
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–‚fl◊ Í cM"◊ Í "BN "◊ Í 'Åê d◊ Í ⁄Éé î◊ Ë @‘ Ë @‘ Ë Ä‘ π π π Á ‘ Í ¿ ˛ =Å¿ fl Í Ä 1 fl Í 0 ¿ a
0‹ Í >ÃΔÿ⁄oH@ 1é—≥∫@· Í d≈dòfi€H« /öˇñö@· Í eè1ôì¬ g<«? Ä· Í œÀM3ª`F&Δ0Ü,‡ Í
èç¸0Ú@8o Ñ?í‡ Í “ Í ¿“ π π π π Í
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é Ä€ Í
¿ î Å € Í \v)¬§4êå{Ä‹ Í lí”B¨md€6ùÄ‹ Í
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ô«”Δúyè69€€ π π π ò HÄ º3Ä º3« C π π π π Í é˛ é p˛ ‡fl Í €$ Ñ ò @ @fl È
≥d @ x Ä @fl Í 6x>ÓK‡ }ŒN;‡· Í ûò6“Ii† míök`· Í åò$àÛK¿ @IºÚ@· Í ê)ÂÉbfl»àSß
¬Ä· Í ``qπÇCȯq„;û‡ Á @˝ IJ ‡ Á @˝ IJ ‡ Á ‡˚ ¿˛ ‡ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π È Ä p†¸ ‹ È Ä @˛ ‹ Í Ä @ @ Ä› Í
áflg-œˆÁh ∏¿fi Í
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∂Õ¶Õx Ÿ`fi Í ƒí^§â,û` ì› Í
≈¯Ÿm ÿFªXfi Í
Ó8œiúmèΔ=1òfi È ˝ € È ˝ € È p˝ 8ÿ π π π Í ‡¿ ( @ |fl Í 0 Ä $ ê @" · Í 0 Ä dÄ0 ¿c · Í √[„Zh0∑€ÆC\c6ú«3@„ Í ffl∂fiÿ€K6Cÿcµf€¿„ Í lô,ôêåíR$„Δ6{õ‚ Í m”M—∏â∑woÇb8Ã$cOí‚ Í á±á∞Ò¶fm܈1<=åÊ‚ ‚ @⁄ „ Ä⁄ π π π ò H @3 @3 CC π π Í Ää˛ ˛‡‹ Í ƒ˛ d@ Äfl Í ( Ã Ä d@ fl Í H÷ ãö∑ Ã˚ µÆ3@· Í Y≤
° d ONLN d ô l •& ( ¢ l-The style object also contains a text face pr #` ° d ONLN d E ô' •D )ªoperty
° d ONLN d K ôC •é ) . The function in ¿ ° d ONLN d ] ôé •º )K Listing 4-7 ± ° d ONLN d h ôº •‰ ).
uses the ,
Courier . ° d ONLN d r ¶ l ≤ ÿ ( Ø lSetShapeCommonFace ° d ONLN d Ñ ¶ ÿ ≤
)l function pr R` ° d ONLN d ê ¶
≤Ù )22ovided in the QuickDraw GX text library to change . ° d ONLN d ¬ ≥ l ø ı ( º l"the text face of the text shape fr Ú‡ ° d ONLN d ‰ ≥ ı ø )â om the pr ‡‡ ° d ONLN d Ì ≥ ø` )+evious section.
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° d ONLN d ˝ ÿ l „ ò ( ‡ l Listing 4-7 . ° d ONLN d ÿ ∞ „ ¡ )DThe ° d ONLN d
ÿ ¡ „ )ChangeTextStyle ° d ONLN d ÿ „> )Z function
° d ONLN d' Ú l ˛ ( ˚ lvoid ChangeTextStyle() ° d ONLN d> l r *{ ° d ONLN dA ~ +ChangeTextSizeAndFont(); ° d ONLN d]* ~6Ü * ,SetShapeCommonFace(gShape, italic + extend); ° d ONLN dä8 lD r (A l} . ° d ONLN dåP l\ Ñ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN dëP Ñ\ ò )e 4-7 @ ° d ONLN dñP ò\ Õ ) shows the r *Ä ° d ONLN d¢P Œ\+ )6esult of this function.
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° d ONLN d∫t l ñ (| l
Figure 4-7 ° d ONLN d≈t Æ# )B Italic, extended, enlarged text
° d ONLN dÊÍ lˆ è (Û lFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN dÌÍ êˆß )$@e informationabout typestyles and text faces, see the chapter “T ≈¿ ° d ONLN d-Ͷˆ€ (Û¶ ypographic ° d ONLN d8˜ l ò ( l Styles” in : ° d ONLN dC˜ ô- )- Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX T ∞ ° d ONLN dc˜,V )ì ypography X` ° d ONLN dl˜VÚ )*&. For examples and utilities, see the ° d ONLN dí l ì (
ltype defi è` ° d ONLN dõ ì ˝ )'nitions and functions pr w@ ° d ONLN d≥ ˝j )jovided in the text library ;† ° d ONLN dÕjl )m.
° d ONLN dÚS l_å (\ lBLike all QuickDraw GX objects, style objects have an attributes pr 7‡ ° d ONLN d4Sç_€ (\çoperty—a set of fl ‹` ° d ONLN dFS€_Ï )Nags ° d ONLN dJ` ll ù (i l
that modifi ∞Ä ° d ONLN dU` ùlã )1:es the behavior of the style. The style attributes that af ≈@ ° d ONLN dè`ãlÎ )Ófect graphic shapes ar ü` ° d ONLN d•`ÎlÔ )`e ,
Ò " ¿)Œ Ò "ÄÄ – Ò ÚÇx– Ò íçhhê– ò H @3 @3† (‡[ Ò Dãàpê– Ò E
êºÅ†– Ò π X8v`– À À `À π π π Ó Õ Ò 00¯˛ yÏ˛ ¿ÿ Ò
0D à»˛ ¿ÿ Ò 1Ä Δ P1Ä’ Ò 1ˆf6Δ”zB `1åvçù“Ÿ Ò c&+$Δˆ⁄F8`a|◊¸¥“Ÿ Ò c,x9åÃüÜ∞c9Ê9¯¸Ÿ Ò &~Ziòç€10&1Ñ1`ÿŸ Ò l|o·áí√x ¸!¸êŸ Ò 1 Ò ^ π π π π Ò
< ‡ 8 0 P‘ Ò
@ p 0 ‘ Ò
@ † `‘ Ò
2„±N!¶e‹c‹‘ Ò
3dñöck&Ÿ¥Ï‘ Ò
2B4ºFXdì2H‘ Ò
fÈ-&Δ˙M˚)‹‘ Ò
ÙŒ>û4„Ãy±Œÿ‘ π π π π π π π Ò p¿˛ p Ä ◊ Ò
&Ÿ aÄ ◊ Ò õ ˛ ¡ ◊ Ò ≥¡˜p:Xß„Óp
qflŸ Ò Ù¡∂êKM≥lê4”[Ÿ Ò d¡$@ ö^2H@%ÁíŸ Ò HƒÅO,¯√&ù8oÜŸ Ò sçà O¡œÿ4Û¯Ÿ Ô ¸ Ä ˝ Ÿ Ô ˝ ˝ Ÿ Ô ˙ ˝ pŸ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H @ Ä3 @ Ä3‡ ( [ π π π π Ò Ä ˚ x’ Ò 2˛ 0’ Ò b <’ Ò >˚8¿n∑;@eΔ÷ Ò 6⁄h¿m∂m6k¿fÀ÷ Ò >$í¿Õ$IdÛ dò÷ Ò
&(ß¿FÀnS˛¬0Õ⁄¿◊ Ò
oqΔx8sL„l~1Èå¿◊
A¸ Ä ‘
A¸ Ä @‘ „IJ ¿— π π π Ò ˛ – @ ‡¿ÿ Ò Ä Ä !¿ ⁄ Ò Ä $ Ä C ⁄ Ò fl”AÖæ›p
„¥Ê9ö€ Ò 6˝∂ˆ¿Δ⁄Y∞
√Ω´6fi€ Ò 3d…dÃÑdíë Ü1≥ÿ,ÿ€ Ò 3nönçƒMªª|Δa#|ê€ Ò |=å=ááç33l7±èÅ·Ïg0€ Í ” Í ” π π π π π Ò
8p< |P ˜‘ Ò ‡ 6 " ÿ Ò @ f` " ÿ Ò *F∞0ÿd\’∏gÿ˝≠qöŸ Ò *Õê0Hxm∂ÿDô9˚ffiŸ Ò ,ô7!P¿K$êD∞ë≤LÿŸ Ò Mõ†bp¿fl}ª Ô˙y7ÏêŸ Ò iœ8˛a‡ŸÌ3 Õ≥≥ «0Ÿ
êºÅ†– Ò π X8v`– À À `À π π π Ó Õ Ò 00¯˛ yÏ˛ ¿ÿ Ò
0D à»˛ ¿ÿ Ò 1Ä Δ P1Ä’ Ò 1ˆf6Δ”zB `1åvçù“Ÿ Ò c&+$Δˆ⁄F8`a|◊¸¥“Ÿ Ò c,x9åÃüÜ∞c9Ê9¯¸Ÿ Ò &~Ziòç€10&1Ñ1`ÿŸ Ò l|o·áí√x ¸!¸êŸ Ò 1 Ò ^ π π π π Ò
< ‡ 8 0 P‘ Ò
@ p 0 ‘ Ò
@ † `‘ Ò
2„±N!¶e‹c‹‘ Ò
3dñöck&Ÿ¥Ï‘ Ò
2B4ºFXdì2H‘ Ò
fÈ-&Δ˙M˚)‹‘ Ò
ÙŒ>û4„Ãy±Œÿ‘ π π π π π π π Ò p¿˛ p Ä ◊ Ò
&Ÿ aÄ ◊ Ò õ ˛ ¡ ◊ Ò ≥¡˜p:Xß„Óp
qflŸ Ò Ù¡∂êKM≥lê4”[Ÿ Ò d¡$@ ö^2H@%ÁíŸ Ò HƒÅO,¯√&ù8oÜŸ Ò sçà O¡œÿ4Û¯Ÿ Ô ¸ Ä ˝ Ÿ Ô ˝ ˝ Ÿ Ô ˙ ˝ pŸ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H @ Ä3 @ Ä3‡ ( [ π π π π Ò Ä ˚ x’ Ò 2˛ 0’ Ò b <’ Ò >˚8¿n∑;@eΔ÷ Ò 6⁄h¿m∂m6k¿fÀ÷ Ò >$í¿Õ$IdÛ dò÷ Ò
&(ß¿FÀnS˛¬0Õ⁄¿◊ Ò
oqΔx8sL„l~1Èå¿◊
A¸ Ä ‘
A¸ Ä @‘ „IJ ¿— π π π Ò ˛ – @ ‡¿ÿ Ò Ä Ä !¿ ⁄ Ò Ä $ Ä C ⁄ Ò fl”AÖæ›p
„¥Ê9ö€ Ò 6˝∂ˆ¿Δ⁄Y∞
√Ω´6fi€ Ò 3d…dÃÑdíë Ü1≥ÿ,ÿ€ Ò 3nönçƒMªª|Δa#|ê€ Ò |=å=ááç33l7±èÅ·Ïg0€ Í ” Í ” π π π π π Ò
8p< |P ˜‘ Ò ‡ 6 " ÿ Ò @ f` " ÿ Ò *F∞0ÿd\’∏gÿ˝≠qöŸ Ò *Õê0Hxm∂ÿDô9˚ffiŸ Ò ,ô7!P¿K$êD∞ë≤LÿŸ Ò Mõ†bp¿fl}ª Ô˙y7ÏêŸ Ò iœ8˛a‡ŸÌ3 Õ≥≥ «0Ÿ
. ° d ONLN d n ñ z ˆ ) gxAutoInsetStyle ° d ONLN d ) ä ãx ( à ä5The sample function in this section demonstrates the ° d ONLN d ^ x ㉠)ÓgxCenterFrameStyle ° d ONLN d p ‰ ãÈ )l, ° d ONLN d r å ä ò ˆ ( ï ägxInsideFrameStyle ° d ONLN d Ñ å ˆ ò )l, and ° d ONLN d ä å òÄ )gxOutsideFrameStyle ° d ONLN d ù åÄ ò˜ )r attributes, which specify . ° d ONLN d ∏ ô ä • Á ( ¢ äwhether QuickDraw † ° d ONLN d ô Ë •4 )^GX should center ;‡ ° d ONLN d ⁄ ô4 • )L1, inset, or outset the pen on a shape’s contours. ° d ONLN d ´ ä ∑ Ò ( ¥ äThis sample function cr ° d ONLN d# ´ Ú ∑, )heates a pictur ú ° d ONLN d1 ´, ∑q ):e containing thr :Ä ° d ONLN dA ´r ∑
)F#ee path shapes. Each shape has the . ° d ONLN dd ∏ ä ƒ ˆ ( ¡ ätripleBumpGeometry ° d ONLN dv ∏ ˆ ƒ )l fr R` ° d ONLN dy ∏ ƒ® )
#om the path shape example in the pr $¿ ° d ONLN dú ∏® ƒÎ )®evious chapter g` ° d ONLN d™ ∏Í ƒÔ )B, . ° d ONLN d¨ ≈ ä — ò ( Œ ä“Pr N† ° d ONLN dØ ≈ ô — Ÿ ) ogramming W * ° d ONLN d∫ ≈ Ÿ —9 )@ith Shapes.” However L¿ ° d ONLN dŒ ≈9 —z )`, one path is gr l† ° d ONLN dfi ≈z —
)A"een and has the pen inset, one is ° d ONLN d “ ä fi ç ( € är E ° d ONLN d “ é fi° )Aed and has it outset, and the last is blue and has the pen center √@ ° d ONLN dB “° fi‰ ( €°ed. (Chapter 5, ° d ONLN dR fl ä Î ò ( Ë ä“Pr N† ° d ONLN dU fl ô Î Ÿ ) ogramming W * ° d ONLN d` fl Ÿ ÎV )@ ith Inks,” discusses the color ¡` ° d ONLN d~ flV Î] )}-r ⁄@ ° d ONLN dÄ fl] Î√ )elated functions in mor GÄ ° d ONLN dó flƒ ÎÍ )g
e detail.)
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° d ONLN d¢ ä ∂ ( ä Listing 4-8 . ° d ONLN dÆ Œ fl )DThe ° d ONLN d≤ flQ )PenGeometryPathPlay ° d ONLN d≈Qt )r function
° d ONLN d– ä*& (' ävoid PenGeometryPathPlay() ° d ONLN dÎ, ä8 ê *{ ° d ONLN dÌ: äF ê * ° d ONLN dÔ: úF ∫ )short ° d ONLN d˜: “F )6loop; ° d ONLN d˝H äT ê (Q ä ° d ONLN dˇH úT Δ )gxShape ° d ONLN d H “T )6thePath; ° d ONLN dV äb ê (_ ä ° d ONLN dd äp ê * ° d ONLN dd úpí ))if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxPathType) ° d ONLN dBr ú~ ˆ * CreatePath(); ° d ONLN dSÄ úå ¥ *else ° d ONLN dYé úö\ * SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d{™ ä∂ ê (≥ ä ° d ONLN d}™ ú∂z )%thePath = GXCopyToShape(nil, gShape); ° d ONLN d•Δ ú“û * +if (gShape != nil) GXDisposeShape (gShape); ° d ONLN d—‘ ä‡ ê (› ä ° d ONLN d‘‚ äÓ ê * ° d ONLN d÷‚ úÓn )#gShape = GXNewShape(gxPictureType); ° d ONLN d¸ ú¸¬ *1GXSetShapeAttributes(gShape, gxUniqueItemsShape); ° d ONLN d.˛ ä
ê ( ä ° d ONLN d4˛ ‰
)Z ° d ONLN dE ä ê ( ä ° d ONLN dG úÏ )8GXSetShapeStyleAttributes(thePath, gxOutsideFrameStyle); ° d ONLN dÜ ú&ò **GXSetShapePen(thePath, ff(kThinPenWidth)); ° d ONLN d≤( ú4n *#SetShapeCommonColor (thePath, red); ° d ONLN d€6 ‰B +H ° d ONLN d„D úPD (M ú AddToShape(gShape, thePath); ° d ONLN d` úln * #for (loop = 0; loop < 3; loop ++) ° d ONLN d(n Æz ¥ +{ ° d ONLN d.| ¿à +if (loop == 1) { ° d ONLN dCä “ñ§ +#GXSetShapeStyleAttributes(thePath, ° d ONLN dfò ä§ (° ägxInsideFrameStyle); ° d ONLN dѶ “≤∞ +H%SetShapeCommonColor (thePath, green); ° d ONLN d≠¥ ¿¿ Δ (Ω ¿} ˇB2 @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
. ° d ONLN d \ ¢ h ( e ¢if (loop == 2) { ° d ONLN d j ¥ vh + GXSetShapePen(thePath, ff(3)); ° d ONLN d 8 x ¥ ÑÜ *#GXSetShapeStyleAttributes(thePath, ° d ONLN d [ Ü l í ‰ ( è lgxCenterFrameStyle); ° d ONLN d y î ¥ †å +H$SetShapeCommonColor (thePath, blue); ° d ONLN d ° ¢ ¢ Æ ® ( ´ ¢} ° d ONLN d ¶ ∞ ¢ ºJ * AddToShape(gShape, thePath); ° d ONLN d ≈ æ ê ñ ( « ê} ° d ONLN d Ã Ã Δ ÿ à +6 ° d ONLN d œ ⁄ ~ Ê ( „ ~GXDisposeShape(thePath); ° d ONLN d Í Ë l Ù r ( Ò l} . ° d ONLN d Ï l Ì * Notice that this function calls . ° d ONLN d l#í *1GXSetShapeAttributes(gShape, gxUniqueItemsShape); ˇˇß ° d ONLN d>/ l; *The ˇ˛ı* ' ° d ONLN dB/ Ä; Ï )gxUniqueItemsShape ˇˇß ' ° d ONLN dT/ Ï;x )l! attribute applies only to pictur <¥ ° d ONLN du/x;¯ )å e shapes and indicates that, . ° d ONLN dí< lH (E l!when adding a shape to the pictur ú` ° d ONLN d≥<H} )óe, QuickDraw GX should cr »† ° d ONLN dÃ<}HË )zeate a copy of the shape ° d ONLN dÂI lU Ò (R l and add the copy to the pictur ˜Ä ° d ONLN dI ÒU= )Öe rather than mer KÄ ° d ONLN dI>U{ )Mely adding a r R ° d ONLN d"I{Uã )=efer ˛ ° d ONLN d&IãUÈ )ence to the shape. By . ° d ONLN d<V lb ‚ (_ l setting this attribute, the ° d ONLN dXV ‚bT )vPenGeometryPathPlay ° d ONLN dkVTb£ )r function adds thr R` ° d ONLN d}V£bÚ )Oee separate path . ° d ONLN déc lo ¬ (l lshapes to the pictur † ° d ONLN d¢c √o )We—each with a dif Ë ° d ONLN d≥co )Ofer Ä ° d ONLN d∂c on ) ent style attribute. ° d ONLN dÀu lÅ Ñ (~ lFigur R¿ ° d ONLN d–u ÑÅ ò )e 4-8 @ ° d ONLN d’u òÅ Õ ) shows the r *Ä ° d ONLN d·u ŒÅ+ )6esult of this function.
£ *¥¯ 4§ *¥¯ "§ *]
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° d ONLN d˘ô l§ ñ (° l
Figure 4-8 ° d ONLN dô ƧL )B(Path with pen inset, centerd, and outset
È Ùˇ ć π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H@ Ä9@ Ä9∂ˇ™ˆ‰ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π  ¿8‡Ÿ  ÄM0Ÿ  Ÿ  ¿Ÿ  `Ÿ  `Ÿ  F@Ÿ  ‡˚ÄŸ π π π π π π π ‰ üò ˛ d›
 ò (0(î›
 l`mí›
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 0,0P@RB›
 x?0`@aћ
 IJ ›
 IJ › „ ÿ π π π  ‡ √˛ ˝ ‰ ‰ ê ˘ ‰  ¸ Ë Â #z√$˙¡·<
„ìÉ^ ◊8∏Ë Â ƒìA%ì@ñî§Èäh"RKPË Â íAiA(BqîàB¢#êË Â ‰Å≤dÅ(,%iÇ ÷ºE,î Ë Â §Å#§Ç«H:Nr§X9Ù„†Ë fl ‹ fl ‹ fl ‹ π π ò HÄ º9Ä º9ˆˇ™2‰ π · Ä⁄ ‰
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ÄÊ Â Ü«Δ˛y 7ÅǬ …  ◊  ‡◊ π π π π Â
¿é√Ä ‡ Â
ÄÑ « @‡ Â
‡ ¿Ä‡  .;·Rf]Δ=¿·  6Ii°V6≤mõN¿·  $#K¡deÜI3$Ä·  nífllo§fl≤ù¿·  L„È„N<«õ ÌÄ· π π π π π π π  « ˝ « 8` ¿Â  mí ¬ Lê Ä Ä ‰ Y≤ ê Ä  õ< w•äp1‡˚úúw¿Á ‰ œLi§¥–`€$
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È ı fl € ć È ˛ ˝ª †˛ fl È ˛ ¸› ‹˛ fl È ˚ª† fl Ê ˚Ó Ï˛ ć È ˝w ˇ˛w fl Ê ÓÓ˝ˇÓÓ¿ ć È ªø¸ˇª† fl È ›˚ˇ›ÿ fl È
ªˇ≥337ˇ˚∏ fl Á Ô¯˝àè˛Ï ć È ’¸Uˇv fl Á .˛˚Ã˛Ó Ä‡ È ;æ" ˛ "/ª fl È ˝T˝ _› fl È ;˚0˝ 7˚ fl Á n¯Ä¸ èÓ Ä‡ È wı@˝ W˜ fl Á n¸¿¸ œÓ ć È ;Ú˚ #˚Äfl È ]ı@¸ W›Äfl È ;Û˚ 3˚ fl Á .¯Ä¸ ãÓ Ä‡ È 7}@˝ W˜ fl Á .¸¿¸ œÓ ć È æ ¸ '∫ fl È
˝P˝ _‹ fl È ø0˝ ?∫ fl Á ˇà˝ ûÏ Ä‡ È U˝ p fl Á ÔÃ˝ ˛Ë ć È ø‚˝ "ˇ∞ fl È fl’@˛ U˝– fl È ªÛ ˛ 3˚† fl Ê Ó¯Ä˛ ãÓ¿ ć È
w˝P W˜@ fl Ê .¸Ã˛ œÓÄ Ä‡ È
;æ" /ª fl È
flU _› fl È
ø≥ ?∫ fl Ê Ô»Ä ˛Ï˛ ć È
wı@ p fl  Ը¿ L˛‡˛ ć È ˛ ª˙ #˚† fl È ˛ ]˝TW›¿ fl È ˛ ;ø27ªÄ fl  ˇà èÓ˝ ć È ˛ ’_v˛ fl  ÔÏÃ˛Ï˝ ć ò H Ä ¿9 Ä ¿9ˆˇ™6‰ È ˛ ªÚ"{∏˛ fl È ˛ ›˝U˝–˛ fl È ˝ ªˇ3˚†˛ fl ‰ n˛ãÓ¿˝ ć È ˝ 7W˜˝ fl
‰ ˇœÓ¸ ć È ˝ øˇ:˝ fl È ˝ ◊ˇ\˝ fl È ˝ ≥ˇ8˝ fl „ â¸à¸ ć È ˝ W˝T˝ fl
‰ œ˛Ã¸ ć È ˝ /ø"˝ fl È ˝ _fl’@˛ fl È ˝ 3?øÛ ˛ fl ‰ ˛ÔËÄ˝ ć È ˝ UˇwıP˛ fl ‰ Õ˛Ó¸Ã˝ ć È ˛ #˚õ˛"˛ fl È ˛ W›
ˇT˛ fl È ˛ 7∫ø3˛ fl  èÏÔàIJ ć È ˛ _pw’@ fl  ˛‡ ÔÏ¿˛ ć È ˛ "{† ;Ú fl È ˛ U˝¿ ˝P fl È ˛ 3˚Ä ˇ0 fl  ãÓ ¸à˛ ć È
Wˆ T fl  œÓ ˇÃ˛ ć È
'∏ ø" fl È _ÿ˛ fl’ fl È ?∏˛ ?Û fl  û‡˛ o»Ä ć È `˛ 7ı@ fl Ê ˛‡˛ ¸¿ ć È {IJ Ú fl È }IJ
˝@ fl È 3˚IJ ˚0 fl Ê ˛Ä˛ ¸à ć È U˜˝ }P fl Ê MÓ˝ ˛» ć È #˙˝ æ fl È U‹˝ flT fl È 3˙˝ ø0 fl Ê ãϸ Ôà ć È WÙ¸ w‘ fl Ê œË¸ oà ć È '∏¸ ?‚ fl È Wÿ¸ _‘ fl È 7∏¸ ;Û fl Ê è˸ /» ć È _p¸ 7’ fl Ê œË¸ /à ć È /∏¸ ;‚ fl È _–¸ ’ fl È ?∞¸ ;Û fl Ê è‡¸ /Ë Ä‡ È _p¸ 7ı fl Ê œ‡¸ /Ï Ä‡ È /∞¸ ;‚ fl È _ÿ¸ ı fl È ?∏¸ ;Û fl Ê è˸ /» ć ò H ¿ 9 ¿ 96ˇ™v‰ È W¸ 7’ fl Ê œË¸ oà ć È '∏¸ ;¢ fl È W‹¸ _’ fl È 3∏¸ ?≤ fl Ê ãϸ Ôà ć È WÙ¸ wT fl Ê Oϸ Ôà ć È #˙¸ ø fl È U˝˝ flT fl È 3˚˝ ø0 fl Ê ˛Ä˛ ˛à ć È ˜˝ }P fl Ê ˛¿˛ ¸¿ ć È {IJ ˙ fl È }¿˛ ı@ fl È ?†˛ Û fl Ê û‡˛ /ËÄ Ä‡ È _p˛ 7ı@ fl  œË˛ oÃÄ Ä‡ È '∏˛ ø¢ fl È W‹˛ fl’ fl È ˛ 3˙ ø2 fl  ãÓ ˇà˛ ć È ˛ U˜ T fl  ˛¿ ¸»˛ ć È ˛ "˚† ˙ fl È ˛ }– ıP fl È ˛ ?∏ ;Û fl  üÏ Ô»Ä˛ ć È ˛ _ˆw’˛ fl ‰ œÓÔÃIJ ć È ˝ #˚Éæ"˛ fl È ˝ U˝Õ˝T˛ fl È ˝ 3˚ª˚0˛ fl ‰ ˛Ó¯à˝ ć È ˝ wıP˛ fl ‰ flÔÿ˝ ć È ˝ /ø¢˝ fl È ˝ WflU˝ fl È ˝ 3ˇ3˝ fl „ â¸à¸ ć È ¸ U˝T˝ fl „ Ì˛Œ¸ ć È ˝ ≥ˇ;˝ fl È ˝ flˇ›Ä˛ fl È ˝ øˇ˚IJ fl ‰ ˇèÓ‡˝ ć È ˝ W˜p˛ fl ‰ .˛Õ˛Ë˝ ć È ˝ ;˛"∏˛ fl È ˝ ›ıU‹˛ fl È ˛ ªÛ?ª˛ fl  ԻÄèÓIJ ć È ˛ ’W˜@ fl  ˇÃ œÓ‡˛ ć È ˛ ;æ #˚∞ fl È ˛ ]˝P U˝ÿ fl È ˛ ª˚0 3∫ fl Â Ô¯Ä æÓ˛ ć È
w’@ _w fl Ê ÔÃ˛ œÓÄ Ä‡ È ø"˛ '˚Ä fl È flT˛ W˝¿ fl ò H @9 @9vˇ™∂‰ È ;ø0˛ 3˚† fl Ê n¯Ä˛ ˛‡ ć È wı@˛ ˇp fl Ê ÔÏ¿˛ ˛Ë ć È ª‚˝ ?∏ fl È fl’˝ _‹ fl È ø≥˝ ?∫ fl Á ÔภèÓ Ä‡ È T¸ W˜ fl Á ˛»¸ œÓ ć È æ ¸ #˚ fl È ˝@¸ W›Äfl È ;˚˚ 3˚Äfl Á .¯Ä¸ ÓÄ Ä‡ È 7ı@¸ ˜ fl Á n¸Ä¸ Ó¿ ć È ;Ú˚ "˚Äfl È ]ı˚ U˝Äfl È ;Û˚ 3˚Äfl Á o¯Ä¸ ãÓÄ Ä‡ È w˝P˝ W˜ fl Á n¸Ã˝ œÓÄ Ä‡ È ;˛˚"/ªÄfl È ˇ˚U› fl È ;øÛ¸3ˇ∫ fl Á Ô¸˝àè˛Ó ć È
wˇ˝UU_ˇ˜t fl Á Ó˚ˇÓË Ä‡ È ªø¸ˇª∞ fl È ››˝ˇ››¿ fl È ;ªªøˇ˛ªÄ fl Ê ˙Ó˛ ć È ˚wp fl  ˚Ó Ä˛ ć È ˛ ˝ª ∏˛ fl È ˝ ››¿˝ fl
È ı fl € ć
È ı fl € ć
È ı fl
È ı fl
È ı fl € ć
È ı fl € ć
È ı fl
È ı fl
È ı fl
È Ùà ć È ÙUfl π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H@ Ä9@ Ä9∂ˇ™ˆ‰ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π  ¿8‡Ÿ  ÄM0Ÿ  Ÿ  ¿Ÿ  `Ÿ  `Ÿ  F@Ÿ  ‡˚ÄŸ π π π π π π π ‰ üò ˛ d›
 ò (0(î›
 l`mí›
 7‡l†m‚›
 ¿… b›
 07 €˛⁄b›
 0,0P@RB›
 x?0`@aћ
 IJ ›
 IJ › „ ÿ π π π  ‡ √˛ ˝ ‰ ‰ ê ˘ ‰  ¸ Ë Â #z√$˙¡·<
„ìÉ^ ◊8∏Ë Â ƒìA%ì@ñî§Èäh"RKPË Â íAiA(BqîàB¢#êË Â ‰Å≤dÅ(,%iÇ ÷ºE,î Ë Â §Å#§Ç«H:Nr§X9Ù„†Ë fl ‹ fl ‹ fl ‹ π π ò HÄ º9Ä º9ˆˇ™2‰ π · Ä⁄ ‰
‡Ä û¿‡ ‰  ê@ åÅê ‰  ` 0Ö·  fclm7§ «hŸ› Ê Â 2b≤Lom§cÜÕÀM Ê Â 2«ÉòÃ…¯a 3ûcüè¿Ê  g¶ôà›∞#cC
ÄÊ Â Ü«Δ˛y 7ÅǬ …  ◊  ‡◊ π π π π Â
¿é√Ä ‡ Â
ÄÑ « @‡ Â
‡ ¿Ä‡  .;·Rf]Δ=¿·  6Ii°V6≤mõN¿·  $#K¡deÜI3$Ä·  nífllo§fl≤ù¿·  L„È„N<«õ ÌÄ· π π π π π π π  « ˝ « 8` ¿Â  mí ¬ Lê Ä Ä ‰ Y≤ ê Ä  õ< w•äp1‡˚úúw¿Á ‰ œLi§¥–`€$
4÷¿Á ‰ ΔLD˘•‡`í y‰ÄÁ  åHÚ¡±oåí@ßN·ÖÊ Â 008‹¡!Ù¸>·ÅΔv
<˛Ê ‚ ˝ ˝ Ê ‚ ˝ ˝ Ê ‚ p˙ IJ Ê π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H @9 @92ˇ™r‰ ‰ @ 8–¸ Ä‚ ‰ @ ˛ · ‰ ¿ ¿‚ Â
CÔ≥åñÁ˚s¥\`„ Â
Cm¶å€f”fºl∞„ Â
‚I/ “DñO0IÄ„ Â
bä|l∂Â?Ï# ›¨„ Â
˜ gÉá4Œ6«„ òÄ ‰ ˝ ‡ ‰ ˝ ‡ ‰ 8˝ › π π π  ‡
> ‰ ‰ ò @ H ÄÁ  ò @ 2@ ò `1Ä Ê Â ·≠Ò≠4[Ì◊ °Æ1õNcô†Ë  3o€ol m•õ °Ï1ã⁄≥m‡Ë  6LñL»FI)Òàc=ÇÕÄË Â 6ȶˋD€ª∑¡1 f1ß…Á  √ÿ√ÿxx”36√{¯ ΔsÁ › ć › ¿fl π π π π π  áÉ¿≈˛ p·  éÅÄb˛ 2 @‰  î f @ 2 ĉ  §k
ÜEÕ[Äf}è⁄◊†Ê  ¨ŸáÜ€mÄdIìü∂m‡Ê  …ìr ≤I dK $ÕÄÊ Â Ÿ∫'
> ‰ ‰ ò @ H ÄÁ  ò @ 2@ ò `1Ä Ê Â ·≠Ò≠4[Ì◊ °Æ1õNcô†Ë  3o€ol m•õ °Ï1ã⁄≥m‡Ë  6LñL»FI)Òàc=ÇÕÄË Â 6ȶˋD€ª∑¡1 f1ß…Á  √ÿ√ÿxx”36√{¯ ΔsÁ › ć › ¿fl π π π π π  áÉ¿≈˛ p·  éÅÄb˛ 2 @‰  î f @ 2 ĉ  §k
ÜEÕ[Äf}è⁄◊†Ê  ¨ŸáÜ€mÄdIìü∂m‡Ê  …ìr ≤I dK $ÕÄÊ Â Ÿ∫'
° d ONLN d \ ä h ≠ ( e äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d \ Æ h˜ )$Me information about style attributes, see the chapter “Geometric Styles” in ˛‡ ° d ONLN d T \˜ h ( e˜Inside ° d ONLN d [ i ä u! ( r ä Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics Ä ° d ONLN d { i" u$ )ò.
° d ONLN d ß ∏ ä ƒ ( ¡ ä The sample functions in the pr *` ° d ONLN d ≈ ∏ ƒ√ )á*evious sections of this chapter have alter °@ ° d ONLN d Ô ∏√ ƒ )≤ed a number of ° d ONLN d ˛ ≈ ä —0 ( Œ ä(style objects without ever explicitly cr ¿ ° d ONLN d& ≈1 —Í )ß'eating one. The QuickDraw GX functions ,
Courier . ° d ONLN dM “ ä fi ÿ ( € ä
GXSetShapePen ° d ONLN dZ “ ÿ fi › )N, ° d ONLN d\ “ › fi1 )GXSetShapeDash ° d ONLN dj “1 fi6 )T, ° d ONLN dl “6 fiú )GXSetShapePattern ° d ONLN d} “ú fiË )f, and so on, all af R` ° d ONLN dê “Ë fi )L fect style . ° d ONLN dõ fl ä Î ‹ ( Ë äobjects, but they af Ò ° d ONLN dØ fl ‹ Î )REfect style objects associated with a particular shape—you don’t have ° d ONLN dÙ Ï ä ¯„ ( ı äOto be concerned about the style object explicitly when you use those functions. ° d ONLN dD ˛ ä
Ê *Sometimes, however ‰‡ ° d ONLN dV ˛ Â
F )[, you might want to cr ß¿ ° d ONLN dl ˛G
Õ )b!eate and alter a style object dir ´@ ° d ONLN dç ˛Õ
· )Üectly É@ ° d ONLN dí ˛·
˘ ). The ° d ONLN dò ä fl ( äsample function in ç ° d ONLN d´ fl
)U Listing 4-9 -` ° d ONLN d∂ X )/ shows how to cr –@ ° d ONLN dΔ X‚ )J#eate a style object, set its pen pr KÄ ° d ONLN dÈ „ )ãoperty 5 ° d ONLN dÔ ˇ ) , ° d ONLN dÒ ä$ À (! äand use it to af É¿ ° d ONLN d À$u )A)fect the style of one element of a pictur +@ ° d ONLN d*v$} )´e.
G HO 4H HO "H H_
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° d ONLN d-= äH ∂ (E ä Listing 4-9 . ° d ONLN d9= ŒH fl )DThe ° d ONLN d== flHi )AddThickBorderInPicture ° d ONLN dT=iHå )ä function
ú * ?GXSetPictureParts(gShape, 1, 1, 1, nil, &thickerPen, nil, nil); ° d ONLN dfl) ú5D * GXDisposeStyle (thickerPen); ° d ONLN d¸7 äC ê (@ ä} ° d ONLN d˛O ä[ œ *This function cr R` ° d ONLN dO œ[d )E"eates a new style object with the R` ° d ONLN d0Od[† )ï
GXNewStyle R` ° d ONLN d:O†[ )< function and changes the ° d ONLN dT\ äh, (e ä&pen size of the style object with the ° d ONLN dz\,hz )¢
GXSetStylePen ° d ONLN dá\zh )N# function, which is similar to the ° d ONLN d™i äu ÿ (r ä
esult of the $¿ ° d ONLN d ” à îé )5AddThickBorderInPicture $¿ ° d ONLN d Í àé î∑ )ä
function.
∂ * «¯ 4 ∑ * «¯ " ∑ *]
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
. ° d ONLN d ı ¨ l ∑ ñ ( ¥ l
Figure 4-9 ° d ONLN d ¨ Æ ∑ ¥ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d ¨ ¥ ∑ ) house with a thick border
° d ONLN d l( è (% lFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d$ ê(l )$4e information about styles, the style object, and pr Ò ° d ONLN dX k(Ú )€"operties of the style object, see ° d ONLN dz) l5& (2 l*the chapter “Geometric Styles” chapter in ߆ ° d ONLN d§)&5ÿ )∫'Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics 5† ° d ONLN dÀ)Ÿ5Ó )≥ and ° d ONLN d–6 lB á (? lthe “T ° d ONLN d÷6 áB ) ypographic Styles” chapter in … ° d ONLN dÙ6 B† )Ö Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX T ? ° d ONLN d6†B )î ypography ÁÄ ° d ONLN d 6…BÀ )).
 #¡‹¡Åòfl  &˝ fl  &˝ @fl „ ⁄ ª ª ò FÄ ¿.Ä ¿.»ˇ°œ ª ª  ˝ `¡Ä Á  ¸ Ä@ Á Â
¸ ê @ @ Á Â
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ì≤@Cê≥êË ª ª ª ª ª ‚ €  |˛ ˆ˛ 0Ê Â Ä "˛ bd Ä 0Ê Â ¿ c˛ ¬(¿„  ›ôõc4fiêÄ0√9¶gÈÁ  1âä“c=∂ëé00üi˛-iÁ  1ã Δ3'·ÑX1éÒú~~Á  ñ¥Ã#v¿åò ¡XlÁ  7a‰Äqº {HÁ  ğ  /ÿ ª ª ª ª ª Â
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 #¡‹¡Åòfl  &˝ fl  &˝ @fl „ ⁄ ª ª ò FÄ ¿.Ä ¿.»ˇ°œ ª ª  ˝ `¡Ä Á  ¸ Ä@ Á Â
¸ ê @ @ Á Â
«4r ì÷éXŸ`q⁄(öË Â Hîùñö i•@J,”LË Â P®N§íIAÄå)àË Â !ëK0…$àíN†¥Q|Ë Â gÑé}Œè$
ì≤@Cê≥êË ª ª ª ª ª ‚ €  |˛ ˆ˛ 0Ê Â Ä "˛ bd Ä 0Ê Â ¿ c˛ ¬(¿„  ›ôõc4fiêÄ0√9¶gÈÁ  1âä“c=∂ëé00üi˛-iÁ  1ã Δ3'·ÑX1éÒú~~Á  ñ¥Ã#v¿åò ¡XlÁ  7a‰Äqº {HÁ  ğ  /ÿ ª ª ª ª ª Â
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$”@ €H
5¶¿Ë  2`íÃóÄí {ƒÄË Â $b@ßN
âæ1ê@ßñ„Á  9ÅÅΔv ”‡AΔÊ
=ÓÁ „ ¸ ˝ Á „ ¸ @ ˝ Á „ Ä˚ IJ Á ª ª ª ª ª ª ª ª ò F¿ ».¿ ».ˇ°œ ª ª ª ª ª ª ª ª ò F @. @.ˇ°Pœ ª ª  ¿@¸ <„ Â Ä Ä˛ @ „  ÄÄ@ Ä „ Â
° d ONLN d ; ∫G (D ∫Drawing a Blue Curve •@ ° d ONLN d 5;1G> )w5-3 ° d ONLN d 9H ∫T Í (Q ∫
Blending T >Ä ° d ONLN d CH ÍT )0 wo Shapes §‡ ° d ONLN d NH-T: )C5-4 ° d ONLN d RU ∫a7 (^ ∫ Changing the Ink of a Pictur h@ ° d ONLN d nU7ab )} e Element 1 ° d ONLN d yUwaÑ )@5-6 ˇZ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
° d ONLN d5 “ ä fi € ( € äQuickDraw GX pr e` ° d ONLN dD “ € fi )QIovides a sophisticated and intricate color model, described in detail in ° d ONLN dç fl ä Î6 ( Ë ä&Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects !¿ ° d ONLN d≥ fl7 Îe )≠ . However Æ` ° d ONLN dº fld Ρ )-#, you don’t need to understand the ° d ONLN dfl Ï ä ¯ û ( ı äentir
¿ ° d ONLN d‰ Ï ü ¯H )'e color model to start drawing in color Ô ° d ONLN d ÏG ¯È )®#. The QuickDraw GX color library pr ° d ONLN d. ÏÍ ¯ )£ovides ° d ONLN d5 ˘ ä ( ämany convenient type defi Ç ° d ONLN dN ˘ ö )v%nitions and utility functions that gr ! ° d ONLN ds ˘õ
)õeatly simplify drawing in ° d ONLN dç ä † ( äcolor ¯‡ ° d ONLN dí ü ° ). ° d ONLN dî ä$ ∏ (! ä Listing 5-1 @ ° d ONLN dü π$ä )// shows a function that draws the curve shape fr i ° d ONLN dŒä$ )— om earlier examples in blue. ° d ONLN dÎ% ä1 ê (. äT µ¿ ° d ONLN dÏ% è1 À )o do this, it cr ’† ° d ONLN d¸% À1v )<)eates a new ink object, sets the color pr ‘ ° d ONLN d%%v1 )´"operty of that ink object to blue ˇˇ¿ . ° d ONLN dG2 ä> (; ä!using the color library function ,
Courier ˇˇ@ @ ° d ONLN dh2>{ )ãSetInkCommonColor ˇˇ¿ @ ° d ONLN dy2{>´ )f and value ˇˇ@ ° d ONLN dÑ2´>√ )0blue ˇˇ¿ ° d ONLN dà2√> ), and attaches the ° d ONLN dõ? äK (H ä ink object to the curve shape r R` ° d ONLN d∫?K! )Öefer $¿ ° d ONLN dæ?!KI ) enced by $¿ ° d ONLN d«?IKm )(gShape $¿ ° d ONLN dÕ?mKp )$.
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. ° d ONLN dœd äo ∂ (l ä Listing 5-1 . ° d ONLN d€d Œo fl )DThe ° d ONLN dfld flo? )CreateABlueCurve ° d ONLN dÔd?ob )` function
° d ONLN d˙~ ää (á ävoid CreateABlueCurve() ° d ONLN då äò ê *{ ° d ONLN dö ú¶ ∫ +gxInk ° d ONLN d ö ¿¶ )$blueInk; ° d ONLN d(∂ ú¬ò (ø ú*if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxCurveType) ° d ONLN dTƒ ú– ¸ * CreateCurve(); ° d ONLN df“ úfi ¥ *else ° d ONLN dl‡ úÏ\ * SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN dè¸ úû * +GXSetShapePen(gShape, ff(kMediumPenWidth)); ° d ONLN dΩ ú$ * blueInk = GXNewInk (); ° d ONLN d’& ú2n *#SetInkCommonColor(blueInk, blue); ° d ONLN d˙4 ú@V * GXSetShapeInk(gShape, blueInk); ° d ONLN d P ú\ * GXDisposeInk(blueInk); ° d ONLN d6^ äj ê (g ä} . ° d ONLN d8v äÇ ¢ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN d=v ¢Ç ∂ )e 5-1 @ ° d ONLN dBv ∂Ç Î ) shows the r *Ä ° d ONLN dNv ÏÇ\ )6 esult of this function (as r I† ° d ONLN djv\Çu )pender è ° d ONLN dovuÇ ) ed on a black-and-white device). ˇ=b @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
Figure 5-1 ° d ONLN d \ Æ g ¥ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d \ ¥ g ‡ ) blue curve
° d ONLN d ˆ l‚ ( ˇ lQFor information about the QuickDraw GX color model, see the chapters “Colors and ° d ONLN d j l Ñ *
Color /` ° d ONLN d o Ö1 )'-Related Objects” and “Ink Objects” in W‡ ° d ONLN d ñ1› )¨&Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects ˘† ° d ONLN d º›Û )¨. For ° d ONLN d ¬ l ) ( l-utilities and examples, see the color library m` ° d ONLN d Ô( * )º.
Blending T K^ ° d ONLN d ¸; xN ≈ )N wo Shapes ˇˇˇˇˇˇ VÌ (I5
° d ONLN d_ lk • (h l
Besides color ¶ ° d ONLN d_ •k ˜ )9, the other main pr ù¿ ° d ONLN d'_ ˜k∏ )R/operty of the ink object is its transfer mode. ° d ONLN dV_πk¿ )¬A N† ° d ONLN dW_¿k ) shape’s ° d ONLN d`l lx ´ (u l
transfer mode @ ° d ONLN dml ¨xm )@, determines how the color of the shape (the u@ ° d ONLN dôlmx£ )¡ source color *@ ° d ONLN d•l§xË )7) interacts with ° d ONLN d∂y lÖ Œ (Ç lthe color of the backgr Ä ° d ONLN dÕy œÖ ¸ )c
ound (the ∞Ä ° d ONLN d◊y ¸ÖH )-destination color ò† ° d ONLN dËyIÖË )M ) over which QuickDraw GX draws ° d ONLN dÜ lí õ (è l the shape. Y ° d ONLN dÜ õí ÷ )/
As with color )` ° d ONLN d Ü ÷íÒ );B, the transfer mode model is powerful and intricate: the transfer ° d ONLN dbì lü ì (ú lmode str å‡ ° d ONLN djì ìü ™ )'uctur ¿ ° d ONLN doì ´ü ◊ )
° d ONLN d|¶ x≤í ) ?information about the color space in which the transfer happens
° d ONLN dºª l¬ q (¡ ln
° d ONLN dæ∏ xƒ Ö ) thr X¿ ° d ONLN d¡∏ Öƒ ó )
ee fi x¿ ° d ONLN dΔ∏ óƒ— )Jlters, in the form of 5 by 4 matrices, that can be used to modify the sour c@ ° d ONLN d∏—ƒfl (¡—ce, ° d ONLN dƒ x– ≈ (Õ xdestination, and r B@ ° d ONLN d&ƒ Δ– )Nesult colors befor Õ† ° d ONLN d8ƒ–î )K e and after the transfer occurs
° d ONLN dXŸ l‡ q (fl ln
° d ONLN dZ÷ x‚Ï ) Rup to four transfer mode components, that independently specify the transfer mode ° d ONLN d¨‚ xÓ ¸ * for each component (such as r É ° d ONLN d…‚ ¸Óú )Ñ&ed, geeen, or blue) in the color space
° d ONLN d˜ l˛ q (˝ ln
° d ONLN dÚÙ x ü )
a set of fl ° d ONLN d˝Ù † Õ )( ags that af g† ° d ONLN dÙ Õ )-fect the transfer ° d ONLN d l ‘ ( lThe sample function in »‡ ° d ONLN d1 ‘ )h Listing 5-2 i ° d ONLN d<‹ )/2 shows the simplest case of a transfer mode. This . ° d ONLN dn l ∞ ( lfunction specifi ° d ONLN d~ ∞ ª )Des ,
Courier ° d ONLN dÅ ª ˜ )
gxRgbSpace ° d ONLN dã ˜ π )<. as the transfer mode’s color space, sets the ˇˇÅL ° d ONLN dπ l+ (( lgxSingleComponentTransfer ˇˇ’ƒ ° d ONLN d“ + )ñ f &D ° d ONLN d‘ +¯ )7lag (which indicates that a single transfer mode is to . ° d ONLN d , l8q (5 l:be used for all four transfer mode components), and specifi ô@ ° d ONLN dF,q8Ó (5q es that the transfer mode be . ° d ONLN dc9 lE Æ (B l gxBlendMode ° d ONLN dn9 ÆE: )B , which indicates that the sour R` ° d ONLN dç9:Eé )åce color and backgr $¿ ° d ONLN d†9éEÍ )Tound color should be . ° d ONLN dµF lR í (O lblended.
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° d ONLN dæk lv ò *$ Listing 5-2 . ° d ONLN d k ∞v ¡ )DThe ° d ONLN dŒk ¡v3 )CreateABlendedCurve ° d ONLN d·k3vV )r function
° d ONLN dÏÖ lë (é lvoid CreateABlendedCurve() ° d ONLN dì lü r *{ ° d ONLN d
° ~≠ ® +gxShape ° d ONLN d° ÿ≠ )Z theCurve; ° d ONLN d!Ø ~ª “ (∏ ~gxTransferMode ° d ONLN d4Ø ÿªV )ZtheCurveTransferData;
Ï ›ˇ ÄÙ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H @4 @4 ˆˇæ6Ú π π π π π π π π π Á «Ä◊ Á h÷ Á ~÷ Á G÷ Á É÷ Á Ò÷ Á 12÷ Á ‹÷ π π π π π π π
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d Ÿ Á
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Á !M,4∞d€ Á gèâÛÅ«–CÄ‹ π π π π π π ‰ ◊ Á |˛ <ˆ˛ `‚ Á Ä"˛ ƒd Ä `‚ Á ¿ c Ñ(¿fl Á ›±õc5Ω! 0√;F«È„ Á 1âí“c?m# 00ük˛Mi„ Á 1ã6 Δ6O√X1éÛ fi~„ Á ¶¥Ã&ÌÅò ¬òl„ Á c… ·º ~ÔH„ Á Ä’ Á /‘ π ò H@ Ä4@ Ä46ˇævÚ π π π Á
p fi Á
fi Á
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ë^ì,Eôfi Á
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9Ê ÃÁ6fi π π π π π π π Á 8`˛ 8 8 ¿‚ Á lê Ä m Ä Ä‚ Á Õê˛ œ¿ Ä‚ Á Ÿ‡˚∏ ,SÄÿ‡˚∏úÔĉ Á z`€H
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5≠ĉ Á 2`í Õ/ 0`í {…„ Á $b@ßñ
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=¸„  ¸ ˝ „  ¸ @ ˝ „  Ä˚ IJ 8„ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π Á ¿@¸ <fl Á Ä Ä˛ @ fl Á ÄÄ@ Ä fl Á
Ï fi Û « ÄÙ » Û ‡ ÓÓÎ ÄÙ Ï ˜ ˛ª ∏Ì Û · ¸› –Ó Û Ï ¯ ˚ªÓ Û ‚ ˙Ó ‡Ó ÄÙ „ ˙w tÔ Û „ ˘ÓÓ ÄÙ Ï ˘ ¯ª † Û ‰ ¯› ‹ Û Ï ˙ ˜ª ÄÒ Û ‰ .˜Ó ‡ ÄÙ ‰ ˆw vÒ Û Â ıÓ ÄÒ ÄÙ Ï ˚ ıª †Ú Û Â ı› ÿÚ Û Ï ˚ ;ıª ∫Ú Û
 ÛÓÒ ÄÙ Ê Ûw @Û Û Ê ÛÓ ‡Ú ÄÙ Ï ¸ Ûª ∏Û Û Ê Û› ‹Û Û Ï ¸ ;Úª ÄÙ Û Ê ÒÓ ‡Û ÄÙ Á Òw pÙ Û Á ÒÓ ÏÛ ÄÙ Ï ˝ ªÙ Û Á › ¿ı Û Ï ˝ ;ª ∞ı Û Á nÓ ËÙ ÄÙ Á Ôw vı Û Á ˙Ó¿ .˘ÓÙ ÄÙ Ï ˛ ˚ª ∏˛ ˘ª Ĉ Û Ë ˚› ¿˝ ˙› ¿ˆ Û Ï ˛ ˚ª¸ ˙ª ∞ˆ Û Ë ¸Ó Ë˚ .˚Ó Ëı ÄÙ Ë 7¸w @˚ ˚w tˆ Û Ë n¸Ó˘ ˙Óı ÄÙ Ï ˛ ;˝ª ∏˘ ;˚ª Ę Û Ë ¸› ÿ˘
˚› ¿˜ Û Ï ¸ª †˘ ˚ª †˜ Û È ¸Ó ¿¯ ˚Ó Ëˆ ÄÙ È ¸w˜ 7¸w t˜ Û È ¸Ó˜ ˚Óˆ ÄÙ Ï ˝ª ∏˜ ˚ª˜ Û È ˝› ¿ˆ ˚› ¿¯ Û Ï ;˝ª Ĉ ;¸ª †¯ Û È n˝Ó Ĉ ¸Ó ‡˜ ÄÙ ò H ¿ 4 ¿ 4 ∂ˇæ ˆÚ È ¸wı ¸w t¯ Û È ¸ÓÙ ˚Ó˜ ÄÙ Ï ˝ª ∏Ù ;¸ª¯ Û Í ˝› ÿÙ ¸› Ģ Û Ï ˝ª ∞Ù ¸ª Ģ Û Í ˝Ó ‡Ù ¸Ó˜ ÄÙ Í ˝w @Ù ˝w v¯ Û Í ˝Ó ÄÛ ˝Ó Ϙ ÄÙ Ï ;˝ªÚ ;˛ª ∏¯ Û Í ˛› ‹Ú ˛› –¯ Û Ï ˛ª ∏Ú ˛ª †¯ Û Í ˛Ó ËÚ ˛Ó ‡˜ ÄÙ Í ˛w pÚ ˛w @˝ 7v˛ Û È nÓÓ‡Ò ˛Ó Ä˝ .Ó˝ ÄÙ Ï ;ªª†Ò ;ªª¸ ;∫˛ Û È
››¿Ò ›‹¸ ‹˛ Û Ï ªªÄÒ ª∏¸ ;∫˛ Û Ë ÓÓÄÒ Ó˸ .Ó˝ ÄÙ Ë ww wp¸ 7vÄ Û Ë .ÓÔ Ó‡¸ .ÓÄ ÄÙ Ï ˛ ∫Ô ;ĸ ;∫•ÄÛ Ë ‹Ô ĸ ‹ ß¿Û Ï ˛ ∏Ô Ä¸ ;∫ ¶ Û Á hÔ ˚ .Óù¿ ÄÙ Á Ë 7v˛ Û « ÄÙ
Ï fi Û » Û
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Ï fi Û » Û
Ï fi Û « ÄÙ Ï ›UÛ Î ›Ã ÄÙ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H @4 @4 ˆˇæ6Ú π π π π π π π π π Á «Ä◊ Á h÷ Á ~÷ Á G÷ Á É÷ Á Ò÷ Á 12÷ Á ‹÷ π π π π π π π
Á ¸¿ áÄá €
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d Ÿ Á
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Á !M,4∞d€ Á gèâÛÅ«–CÄ‹ π π π π π π ‰ ◊ Á |˛ <ˆ˛ `‚ Á Ä"˛ ƒd Ä `‚ Á ¿ c Ñ(¿fl Á ›±õc5Ω! 0√;F«È„ Á 1âí“c?m# 00ük˛Mi„ Á 1ã6 Δ6O√X1éÛ fi~„ Á ¶¥Ã&ÌÅò ¬òl„ Á c… ·º ~ÔH„ Á Ä’ Á /‘ π ò H@ Ä4@ Ä46ˇævÚ π π π Á
p fi Á
fi Á
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ë^ì,Eôfi Á
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9Ê ÃÁ6fi π π π π π π π Á 8`˛ 8 8 ¿‚ Á lê Ä m Ä Ä‚ Á Õê˛ œ¿ Ä‚ Á Ÿ‡˚∏ ,SÄÿ‡˚∏úÔĉ Á z`€H
%¶Äx`€H
5≠ĉ Á 2`í Õ/ 0`í {…„ Á $b@ßñ
ã|0f@ßñ„
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=¸„  ¸ ˝ „  ¸ @ ˝ „  Ä˚ IJ 8„ π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π Á ¿@¸ <fl Á Ä Ä˛ @ fl Á ÄÄ@ Ä fl Á
. ° d ONLN d j ú vò ( s ú*if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxCurveType) ° d ONLN d , x ú Ñ ¸ * CreateCurve(); ° d ONLN d > Ü ú í ¿ *else { ° d ONLN d G î Æ †2 +GXResetShape (gShape); ° d ONLN d _ ¢ ú Æ\ ( ´ ú SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d Å ∞ ú º ¢ *} ° d ONLN d Ñ Ã ä ÿ ê ( ’ ä ° d ONLN d Ü Ã ú ÿÄ )&theCurve = GXCopyToShape(nil, gShape); ° d ONLN d Ø Ë ú Ùò * *if (gShape != nil) GXDisposeShape(gShape); ° d ONLN d ⁄ ˆ ä ê ( ˇ ä ° d ONLN d › ä ê * ° d ONLN d fl ún )#gShape = GXNewShape(gxPictureType); ° d ONLN d ú ¬ *1GXSetShapeAttributes(gShape, gxUniqueItemsShape); ° d ONLN d7 ä, ê () ä ° d ONLN d<. ä: ê * ° d ONLN d>. ú:z )%SetShapeCommonColor (theCurve, blue); ° d ONLN de< úH§ *,GXSetShapePen(theCurve, ff(kThickPenWidth)); ° d ONLN dïX údJ * AddToShape(gShape, theCurve); ° d ONLN d∂t úÄt * $SetShapeCommonColor (theCurve, red); ° d ONLN d‹Ç úéh *"GXMoveShape (theCurve, 0, ff(20)); ° d ONLN dû ú™‘ * 4GXGetShapeTransfer(theCurve, &theCurveTransferData); ° d ONLN d:∫ úΔå * (theCurveTransferData.space = gxRgbSpace; ° d ONLN dd» ú‘Ê *7theCurveTransferData.flags = gxSingleComponentTransfer; ° d ONLN dù÷ ú‚⁄ *5theCurveTransferData.component[0].mode = gxBlendMode; ° d ONLN d÷Ú ú˛⁄ * 5GXSetShapeTransfer (theCurve, &theCurveTransferData); ° d ONLN d úJ * AddToShape(gShape, theCurve); ° d ONLN d1* ú6> * GXDisposeShape(theCurve); ° d ONLN dM8 äD ê (A ä} . ° d ONLN dOP ä\ œ *This function cr € ° d ONLN d_P œ\ )Eeates a pictur V‡ ° d ONLN dmP
function . ° d ONLN dVw äÉÅ (Ä ä:to set the transfer mode of the second curve’s ink object. ° d ONLN dëâ äï ¢ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN dñâ ¢ï ∂ )e 5-2 @ ° d ONLN dõâ ∂ï Î ) shows the r *Ä ° d ONLN dßâ ÏïI )6esult of this function. ˇ9 @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
° d ONLN d l è ( lFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d " êø )$Ee information about transfer modes, see the chapter “Ink Objects” in m ° d ONLN d gøŸ (øInside ° d ONLN d n l ˝ ( l Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects 0@ ° d ONLN d ç ˛ )í.
. ° d ONLN d ∑a lm ¡ (j lIn the last chapter ¬† ° d ONLN d a ¿m ˇ )T, you used the ,
Courier ¬† ° d ONLN d Ÿa ˇme )?GXSetPictureParts ¬† ° d ONLN d ÍaemÚ )f! function to change the pen size . ° d ONLN d n lz ≥ (w lof the house bor ΩÄ ° d ONLN dn ≥z )Gder in the house pictur ÍÄ ° d ONLN d2nzê )d e. In this section, you’ll use . ° d ONLN dQ{ lá “ (Ñ lGXSetPictureParts ° d ONLN db{ “á )f( to change the color of the house pictur R` ° d ONLN dä{á° )≠e’s door ï ° d ONLN dí{†á£ )!. ° d ONLN dîç lô ‘ (ñ lThe sample function in ° d ONLN d´ç ‘ô )h Listing 5-3 ° d ONLN d∂çô )0 cr R` ° d ONLN dπçôä )
eates an ink object, uses the R` ° d ONLN d◊çäô )|SetInkCommonColor R` ° d ONLN dËçôÚ )f . ° d ONLN dÈö l¶ ö (£ l function fr ' ° d ONLN dÙö õ¶U )/+om the color library to change the color pr O` ° d ONLN d öU¶” )∫ operty of the ink object, and ° d ONLN d=ß l≥ü (∞ lGoverrides the door shape’s existing ink object with the new ink object.
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° d ONLN dÖà l◊ ò *$ Listing 5-3 . ° d ONLN dëà ∞◊ ¡ )DThe ° d ONLN dïà ¡◊? )AddInkToDoorInPicture ° d ONLN d™Ã?◊b )~ function
° d ONLN dµÊ lÚ (Ô l void AddInkToDoorInPicture() ° d ONLN d”Ù l r *{ ° d ONLN d÷ ~ ¢ +gxInk ° d ONLN d› ¢ )$
turquoiseInk; ° d ONLN dÓ ~*Ü (' ~,if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxPictureType) ° d ONLN d , ~8 Í * CreatePicture(); ° d ONLN d0: ~F ú *else ° d ONLN d6: úF ¥ ) ° d ONLN d<H ~T> (Q ~ SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d_d ~p> * /* Create the overriding ink. */ ° d ONLN dÅr ~~ *turquoiseInk = GXNewInk(); ° d ONLN dùÄ ~åå *-SetInkCommonColor(turquoiseInk, turquoise); ° d ONLN dÕú ~®Ê * <GXSetPictureParts(gShape, 2, 1, 1,nil, nil, &turquoiseInk,
w j ̯ 4ˇ„ˇÎˇ‰ˇÏ ò H @9 @9ˇ‰ˇÏ $& π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H @ Ä9 @ Ä9 $ˇÏ d& π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ò H Ä ¿9 Ä ¿9 dˇÏ §& π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π Ò ÿˇ ¸Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û ò H ¿ 9 ¿ 9 §ˇÏ ‰& Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û ò H @9 @9 ‰ˇÏ$& Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û Ò ÿˇ ˛Û
Ê ;ªª∏Á Û Ò Ä¯ ˝Ó ‡Ë Û Ë ˚wË Û Ò Ä˘ ˚Ó ‡È Û Ë ;˚ª ∫È Û È ˘› ¿Í Û È ˘ª ∏Í Û Ò Ä˙ n¯ÓÍ Û Í ˜w @Î Û Ò Ä˚ ˜Ó ËÎ Û Í ˆªÎ Û Í ˆ› ¿Ï Û Í ıª ∏Ï Û Ò Ä¸ ÙÓÏ Û Î ÙwÏ Û Ò Ä¸ ÙÓ ¿Ì Û Î ;Ùª ∞Ì Û Î ˝› fl˝ˇ ˝˝› ‹Ì Û Ï ˝ª˚ˇ˝ª ∫Ì Û Ò Ä˝ ÚÓ ÄÓ Û Ï ˛w˘ˇ˝w `Ó Û Ò Ä˝ ÓÓÔ˘ˇ˝Ó ËÓ Û Ï ;Úª ∏Ó Û Ï ˛›˜ˇ˝›Ó Û Ì ˛ª˜ˇ ˚˛ª ÄÔ Û Ò Ä˛ Ó ‡Ô Û Ì wwˆˇ˛w pÔ Û Ò Ä˛ ÓÓıˇ˝ÓÔ Û Ì Ôª Ä Û Ì ›fl¸ˇ’U˝ˇ ˝˛› ¿ Û Ì ªªø˝ˇ ≥˛3¸ˇ˛ª † Û Ò Ä˛ ˙Ó˝à é˙Ó ‡ Û ò H ¿ 9 ¿ 9 §ˇÏ ‰& Ó ww˛ˇ ı¸U ˛ˇ˜wwt Û Ò Ä ÓÓ˝ˇ˚à œ˛ˇ ˛˛Ó Û Ó ¸ª ∫˚" #˙ª Û Ó
›fl˛ˇ ı˙U ˛ˇ˛› ¿Ò Û Ó ªø˛ˇ Û˙3 ?˛ˇ˚ªª†Ò Û Ò Ä ¸Ó˘à ä˚Ó ‡Ò Û Ó 7wˇˇ˝¯U˝ˇwwpÒ Û Ò Ä nÓ˛ˇ ¸¯Ã˝ˇ˛ÓÒ Û Ó ¸ª ¢¯" ;˚ªÒ Û Ô ›fl˛ˇ ’˜U˛ˇ˝››ÄÚ Û Ô ªø˛ˇ ≥˜3˛ˇ˚ªª†Ú Û Ò Ä ¸Óˆà˚Ó ‡Ú Û Ô wˇˇ˝ˆU _˛ˇwwpÚ Û "Ò Ä Ó˛ˇ ¸˛Ã» ˝Ã œ˛ˇÓÓÏÚ Û Ô ˝ª ≤˛"˝ ˝" #˚ªÚ Û Ô ›˛ˇıUUT˝ ˝Uˇˇ˝››ÄÛ Û Ô ;ª˛ˇ≥330˝ ˝3?ˇˇ˚ªªÄÛ Û Ò Ä n˝Ó˛à ĸ ˛à é¸Ó ‡Û Û Ô ww˛ˇUUT˚ ˛U W˛ˇwwpÛ Û Ò Ä ÓÔˇˇ¸Ãÿ˙ ˛Ã˛ˇÓÓ‡Û Û " ˝ª∫""˘ ˛" ;˝ª ĸ ª†˚ Û $ ›flˇˇıUU˘ ˛U_ˇˇ˝›Ä¸ ›¿˚ Û ! ªøˇˇÛ30¯ ˛3 ?˛ˇ ª˚ ª†˚ Û Ò Ä˝ÓËà௠ààé˝Ó˚ Ó‡˚ Û " w˛ˇ’U@¯ UUW˛ˇ Ù˚ w`˚ Û "Ò Ä Ô˛ˇÃÿ¯ ˛Ã˛ˇ Ë˚ Ó‡˚ Û Ô ;˛ª""ˆ ˛";ªª∏˚ ª†à¸ Û Ô ˛ˇUTˆ ˛U_ˇˇ˚ ›¿à¸ Û !Ô ˛ˇ30ˆ 33?ˇˇ˚ ª†ÍL˝ Û "Ò Ä
ÓÓÏàÄı ààéÓÓ»˚ Ó‡ö^˝ Û !Ô ˇˇ˝U@ˆ UUWˇˇ’˚ w`öP˝ Û #Ò Ä ˇˇ¸Ã¿ı LÃÃˇˇÃĸ ӇȌ˝ Û Ô ";ª≤"Ù "";∫"˚ ª†˚ Û Ô U_ˇıUÙ UU˝UP¸ ˇ‡˚ Û Ô 33ˇÛ2Ù 33?˚30¸ ˇ‡˚ Û Ò Ä ààÓààÛ ààéËàĸ Ó‡˚ Û UU’PÛ UUWıU@¸ ˇ‡˚ Û Ò Ä ÃÃflÃ¿Û ÃÕÏÃĸ ˇ‡˚ Û ""*" Û ˝"˚ ª† Û ˝U @Û ˛U T˚ ˇ‡ Û ˝3Ú ˛3 0˚ ˇ‡~v:_, Û Ò Ä ˝àÒ ˝à˚ Ó‡ìX&Tæ Û Ô ˛U TÒ ˛U P˚ ˇ‡ùT&T∞ Û Ò Ä ˛ÃÒ Ãÿ˚ ˇ‡wR9◊. Û Ô "" Ò "" ˚ " Û Ô UUPÒ UU@˚ U@ Û Ô 330Ò 33˙ 3 Û Ò Ä àÄ àà˘ àÄ˚ Û Ó U@ UT˙ U@˚ Û Ò Ä Ã¿ Ã˘ ÿ˚ Û Ó "Ô ˙ " ˝ Û Ó UÔ P˙ U@ ˝ Û Ì 3Ô ˙ 3 Ç˝ Û Ò Ä˛ Ó Ä˘ àÄü ˝ Û Ì Ê U@ë ˝ Û Ò Ä· Ã¿é‡˝ Û — " ˚ Û » Û » Û
. ° d ONLN d \ ä h ® ( e änil); ° d ONLN d j ú v> +GXDisposeInk(turquoiseInk); ° d ONLN d # x ä Ñ ê ( Å ä} . ° d ONLN d % ê ä ú ¢ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN d * ê ¢ ú ∂ )e 5-3 @ ° d ONLN d / ê ∂ ú Î ) shows the r *Ä ° d ONLN d ; ê Ï úM )6esults of this function.
æ H œ 4 ø H œ " ø H]
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Figure 5-3 ° d ONLN d _ ¥ Ã ø “ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d ` ¥ “ øC ) house with a turquoise door
° d ONLN d ~$ ä0 ≠ (- äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d Ö$ Æ0ç )$4e information about inks, the ink object, and the pr _@ ° d ONLN d π$ç0 )fl operties of the ink object, see ° d ONLN d Ÿ1 ä= (: ä the chapter “Ink Objects” in ° d ONLN d ˆ1=¥ )~&Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects ≠¿ ° d ONLN d 1¥=‹ )¨ . For mor 3Ä ° d ONLN d%1›=‰ ))e ° d ONLN d'> äJÍ (G äLinformation about the QuickDraw GX color model, see the chapter “Colors and ° d ONLN dsK äW ¢ *
Color /` ° d ONLN dxK £W )-Related Objects,” also in S ° d ONLN dìKW¿ )q&Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects Ù‡ ° d ONLN dπK¿W≈ )¨.
 IJ › „ ÿ π π π π ‰ @¿˝ √ ! „ ‰ ¿@˝ C „  @Ä˝ " B „  @±Õ C$Ú¿–rh@Sé–  @“%%°%£A J)°§Q`  ‡î*¡i"B åQ¬(a@  !$R ≤DÇp∂ñ¯¢Ä  Ò#üq¡#ƒÅ†D˘¡g Ä π π π π π · Ä⁄ ‰
‡Ä û¿‡ ‰ ò HÄ º5Ä º5®ˇΩ‰Û  ê@ åÅê ‰  ` 0Ö·  fclm7§ «hŸ› Ê Â 2b≤Lom§cÜÕÀM Ê Â 2«ÉòÃ…¯a 3ûcüè¿Ê  g¶ôà›∞#cC
ÄÊ Â Ü«Δ˛y 7ÅǬ …  ◊  ‡◊ π π π π π Â
¿é√Ä ‡ Â
ÄÑ « @‡ Â
‡ ¿Ä‡  .;·Rf]Δ=¿·  6Ii°V6≤mõN¿·  $#K¡deÜI3$Ä·  nífllo§fl≤ù¿·  L„È„N<«õ ÌÄ· π π π π π π  « ˝ « ˛ p‰  mí ¬ ‰ ‰
Y≤ < @ ‰  õ< w•äp(>Á ß Ê ‰ œLi§¥–H6…M5∞Ê ‰ ΔLD˘•‡¸$Ñ^y Ê Â åHÚ¡±oåd)”ܯa@Ê Â 008‹¡!Ù¸8qùÉO?ÄÊ ‚ ˝ @˛  ‚ ˝ @˛  ‚ p˙ ‡˛  π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π ‰ @ 8–¸ Ä‚ ‰ @ ˛ · ‰ ¿ ¿‚ ò H @5 @5‰ˇΩ$Û Â
CÔ≥åñÁ˚s¥\`„ Â
Cm¶å€f”fºl∞„ Â
‚I/ “DñO0IÄ„ Â
bä|l∂Â?Ï# ›¨„ Â
˜ gÉá4Œ6«„ òÄ ‰ ˝ ‡ ‰ ˝ ‡ ‰ 8˝ › π π π π  ‡
> ‰ ‰ ò @ H ÄÁ  ò @ 2@ ò `1Ä Ê Â ·≠Ò≠4[Ì◊ °Æ1õNcô†Ë  3o€ol m•õ °Ï1ã⁄≥m‡Ë  6LñL»FI)Òàc=ÇÕÄË Â 6ȶˋD€ª∑¡1 f1ß…Á  √ÿ√ÿxx”36√{¯ ΔsÁ › ć › ¿fl π π π π  áÉ¿≈˛ p·  éÅÄb˛ 2 @‰  î f @ 2 ĉ  §k
ÜEÕ[Äf}è⁄◊†Ê  ¨ŸáÜ€mÄdIìü∂m‡Ê  …ìr ≤I dK $ÕÄÊ Â Ÿ∫'
> ‰ ‰ ò @ H ÄÁ  ò @ 2@ ò `1Ä Ê Â ·≠Ò≠4[Ì◊ °Æ1õNcô†Ë  3o€ol m•õ °Ï1ã⁄≥m‡Ë  6LñL»FI)Òàc=ÇÕÄË Â 6ȶˋD€ª∑¡1 f1ß…Á  √ÿ√ÿxx”36√{¯ ΔsÁ › ć › ¿fl π π π π  áÉ¿≈˛ p·  éÅÄb˛ 2 @‰  î f @ 2 ĉ  §k
ÜEÕ[Äf}è⁄◊†Ê  ¨ŸáÜ€mÄdIìü∂m‡Ê  …ìr ≤I dK $ÕÄÊ Â Ÿ∫'
ˇˇ∫Î ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d í ∫ Ø ( ® ∫T Yã ° d ONLN d í » Ø> ) ransforms
° d ONLN d %r ∫~ ({ ∫Clipping a Curve 5Ä ° d ONLN d 7r~( )a6-3 ° d ONLN d ; ∫ã (à ∫Rotating a Curve Ò¿ ° d ONLN d Mã& )_6-5 ° d ONLN d Qå ∫ò Ë (ï ∫ Skewing T n ° d ONLN d Zå Ëò ı ).ext ¢¿ ° d ONLN d _å ò )!6-7 ° d ONLN d cô ∫• ¿ (¢ ∫T ∫¿ ° d ONLN d dô ø•Z )"ransforming an Element of a Pictur ü@ ° d ONLN d ÜôZ•^ )õe h‡ ° d ONLN d âôs•Ä )6-8 ° d ONLN d ç¶ ∫≤ — (Ø ∫Hit-T Ö¿ ° d ONLN d í¶ —≤ Î )esting † ° d ONLN d ö¶ ≤
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° d ONLN d \ ä hù ( e ä<This chapter shows you how to implement the functions that r ∏‡ ° d ONLN d < \ù h ( eùespond to the menu items ° d ONLN d U i ä u ( r ä of the sample application’s T ·¿ ° d ONLN d r i u )~9ransform menu. The sample functions in this chapter each ° d ONLN d ´ v ä Ç ç ( är E ° d ONLN d ¨ v é Ç œ )espond to a dif † ° d ONLN d ª v – Ç ‹ )Bfer ı ° d ONLN d æ v € Ç~ ) #ent menu item and demonstrate a dif ¶¿ ° d ONLN d · v Çã )§fer â@ ° d ONLN d ‰ vã Ç• ) ent pr ≠¿ ° d ONLN d Í v• Ç )operty of the transform ° d ONLN d É ä è ¶ ( å äobject. ° d ONLN d
ï ä °1 *%The transform object has four main pr † ° d ONLN d/ ï2 °W )® operties: ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN d9 ´ ä ≤ è ( ± än
° d ONLN d; ® ñ ¥ ¶ ) clip
° d ONLN d@ Ω ä ƒ è ( √ än
° d ONLN dB ∫ ñ Δ æ ) mapping
° d ONLN dJ œ ä ÷ è ( ’ än
° d ONLN dL Ã ñ ÿ – ) view port list
° d ONLN d[ · ä Ë è ( Á än
° d ONLN d] fi ñ Í È ) hit-test parameters ° d ONLN dq Ô ä ˚ ( ¯ äYThis chapter gives examples of mapping, clipping, and hit-testing. For information about ° d ONLN d ¸ ä *
view ports, see the chapter “V ¥` ° d ONLN dË ¸x )Ñiew-Related Objects” in F@ ° d ONLN d ¸y )k Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX ° d ONLN d ä ® ( äObjects ‹Ä ° d ONLN d& ® ™ ) .
° d ONLN d;X äd π (a ä The clip pr F ° d ONLN dFX ∫d¯ )0Foperty of a shape’s transform object determines how much of the shape ° d ONLN dåe äq ¿ (n ä
QuickDraw —† ° d ONLN dñe ¿qF )6 GX actually draws. The clip pr †@ ° d ONLN d¥eGqû )áoperty contains the Û@ ° d ONLN d»eûqà )W
clip shape N¿ ° d ONLN d“eÕqÓ )/. When ° d ONLN dŸr ä~ ({ äUQuickDraw GX draws a shape, it draws only the parts of the shape that intersect with ° d ONLN d. äã Ï *
the shape’s clip shape. ° d ONLN dFë äù * The clip shape is a QuickDraw P ° d ONLN ddëùÉ )äGX shape—you can use r ñ‡ ° d ONLN dzëÉù )o ectangles, polygons, paths, and ° d ONLN döû ä™M (ß ä-so on as clip shapes. The sample function in YÄ ° d ONLN d«ûN™| )ƒ Listing 6-1 ˘¿ ° d ONLN d“û|™¨ ). uses an irr 5‡ ° d ONLN dfiû≠™
)1egularly shaped path ° d ONLN dÛ´ ä∑! (¥ ä"(an “oval wabble,” which is pictur ¢† ° d ONLN d´!∑9 )óed in A¿ ° d ONLN d´:∑R )Figur Ä ° d ONLN d ´R∑f )e 6-1 ≤ ° d ONLN d%´f∑Ÿ ) ) to clip the curve shape fr ´ ° d ONLN dA´Ÿ∑Û )som pr ;¿ ° d ONLN dF´Ù∑ )evious ° d ONLN dM∏ äƒ Ø (¡ ä sections.
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° d ONLN dW› äË ∂ *$ Listing 6-1 . ° d ONLN dc› ŒË fl )DThe ,
Courier ° d ONLN dg› flË ) ClipCurve ° d ONLN dp›Ë8 )6 function
° d ONLN d{˜ ä Í ( ävoid ClipCurve() ° d ONLN då ä ê *{ ° d ONLN dè ú Δ +gxShape ° d ONLN dô “ )6
newClipShape; ° d ONLN d®! ú- ¥ (* úlong ° d ONLN d≠! ¥- ∫ ) ° d ONLN d±! ‰- )00ovalWabbleGeometry[] = {1, // number of contours ° d ONLN dÌ/P;V +l ° d ONLN dÓ/V;\ ) ° d ONLN d/b;Ú ) 6, // number of points ° d ONLN d=bI§ * 0xff000000, ° d ONLN d!K äW ê (T ä ° d ONLN d(K ˆW2 )l
° d ONLN d8KbWÜ )l0, 0, ° d ONLN d?Y äe ê (b ä ° d ONLN dFY ˆe2 )l
° d ONLN dVYbe™ )l ff(150), 0, ° d ONLN dcg äs ê (p ä ° d ONLN djg ˆs2 )l
° d ONLN dzgbs» )lff(80), ff(100), ° d ONLN dåu äÅ ê (~ ä ° d ONLN dìu ˆÅ2 )l
° d ONLN d£ubÅ‘ )lff(150), ff(200), ° d ONLN d∑É äè ê (å ä ° d ONLN dæÉ ˆè& )l ° d ONLN d É>èD )H ° d ONLN dÕÉbè™ )$ 0, ff(200), ° d ONLN d⁄ë äù ê (ö ä ° d ONLN d·ë ˆù2 )l
° d ONLN dÒëbù» )lff(80), ff(100)}; ° d ONLN dü ä´ ê (® ä ° d ONLN dü ú´ fi ) gxRectangle ° d ONLN dü ˆ´¬ )Z"clipBoundsShape, curveBoundsShape; ° d ONLN d;≠ úπ ∫ (∂ úfixed ° d ONLN dE≠ ˆπ )Zx,y; ˇ
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Programming W '_ )?ith Fõ ) T C ) ransforms 4⁄ *˙¯
. ° d ONLN d j ~ vz ( s ~*if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxCurveType) ° d ONLN d , x ~ Ñ fi * CreateCurve(); ° d ONLN d > Ü ~ í ñ *else ° d ONLN d D î ~ †> * SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d g ∞ ~ ºz * *GXSetShapePen(gShape, ff(kThickPenWidth)); ° d ONLN d î à ~ ÿb * &newClipShape = GXNewShape(gxPathType); ° d ONLN d º ⁄ ~ Ê‘ *9GXSetPaths(newClipShape, (gxPaths *) ovalWabbleGeometry); ° d ONLN d ˘ ˆ ~z * *GXSetShapeFill(newClipShape, gxSolidFill); ° d ONLN d& ~ º * 5GXGetShapeBounds(newClipShape, 0L, &clipBoundsShape); ° d ONLN d] ~,¬ *6x = clipBoundsShape.left + clipBoundsShape.right >> 1; ° d ONLN dï. ~:¬ *6y = clipBoundsShape.top + clipBoundsShape.bottom >> 1; ° d ONLN d—J ~Vz * *GXRotateShape(newClipShape, ff(90), x, y); ° d ONLN dˇf ~rû * 0GXGetShapeBounds(gShape, 0L, &curveBoundsShape); ° d ONLN d1t ~Ä *x = curveBoundsShape.left; ° d ONLN dMÇ ~é *y = curveBoundsShape.top; ° d ONLN dhê ~úJ *"GXMoveShapeTo(newClipShape, x, y); ° d ONLN dé¨ ~∏\ * %GXSetShapeClip(gShape, newClipShape); ° d ONLN d∂» ~‘8 * GXDisposeShape(newClipShape); ° d ONLN d÷÷ l‚ r (fl l} ° d ONLN dÿÓ l˙ Ä *The ° d ONLN d‹Ó Ä˙ ∂ ) ClipCurve ° d ONLN dÂÓ ∂˙ )6 sample function cr R` ° d ONLN d¯Ó ˙· )S0eates the curve shape, which is the shape to be . ° d ONLN d(˚ l¥ ( lLclipped, and the wabble shape, which is the clip shape. (The clip shape is r q ° d ONLN dt˚¥Â (¥ otated and ° d ONLN d l◊ ( lSmoved in this example so that it actually intersects with curve shape.) The sample . ° d ONLN d“ l! œ *
function then uses the ° d ONLN dÈ œ!# )cGXSetShapeClip ° d ONLN d˜#!Á )T/ function to set the clip of the curve shape’s . ° d ONLN d&" l. ö (+ l
transform. ° d ONLN d14 l@ Ñ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN d64 Ñ@ ò )e 6-1 @ ° d ONLN d;4 ò@/ )# shows the steps of the clipping pr Ȇ ° d ONLN d^4/@r )óocess and the fi j@ ° d ONLN dn4s@á )Dnal r i ° d ONLN ds4á@· )esult of the function. ˇF‡ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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Programming W '_ )?ith Fõ ) T C ) ransforms 4⁄ ä˙ (‡ äRotating a Curve
Figure 6-1 ° d ONLN d \ Ã g “ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d \ “ g ) clipped curve
° d ONLN d ~ ää ≠ (á äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d #~ ÆäÅ )$0e information about clipping, see the chapter “T ä@ ° d ONLN d S~Ääfi )“ransform Objects” in »Ä ° d ONLN d h~fiä¯ )^Inside ° d ONLN d oã äó! (î ä Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics Ä ° d ONLN d èã"ó$ )ò.
° d ONLN d §⁄ äÊ — („ äThe mapping pr $ ° d ONLN d ≤⁄ “Ê’ )H=operty of a shape’s transform object is a 3-by-3 matrix that ° d ONLN d ÔÁ äÛ ¿ ( ä
QuickDraw —† ° d ONLN d ˘Á ¿Û+ )6GX applies to each contr {Ä ° d ONLN dÁ,Û” )l&ol point of the shape’s geometry befor ·‡ ° d ONLN d7Á”Û )ße drawing the ° d ONLN dEÙ ä ® (˝ äshape. ˚¿ ° d ONLN dLÙ ® ) JAlthough QuickDraw GX allows you to specify the components of this matrix ° d ONLN dñ ä
ñ (
ädir I ° d ONLN dô ó
´ )
ectly ! ° d ONLN dû ´
÷ ) , it also pr ≠‡ ° d ONLN d™ ÷
u )+$ovides a number of functions that cr d¿ ° d ONLN dŒv
¨ )† eate an appr ’ ° d ONLN d⁄¨
¸ )6opriate matrix for . ° d ONLN dÌ ä Ò ( äyou—for example, the ,
Courier ° d ONLN d Ò? )g
GXRotateShape ° d ONLN d?h )N
function. ° d ONLN d ä, û () äThe ° d ONLN d û, Ï )
GXRotateShape ° d ONLN d+ Ï,V )N function allows you to r R` ° d ONLN dD V,… )jotate a shape by a specifi R` ° d ONLN d^ …, )s
ed number of ° d ONLN dk- ä9 û (6 ädegr R` ° d ONLN do- û9 ∑ )ees. T g` ° d ONLN du- ∂9 ˘ )o perform the r 9¿ ° d ONLN dÑ- ˘91 )C
otation, the 9¿ ° d ONLN dë-19 )8
GXRotateShape 9¿ ° d ONLN dû-9 )N function takes one of the . ° d ONLN dπ: äF Ã (C äfollowing appr x¿ ° d ONLN d«: ÃF Ï )Boaches: ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN dœP äW è (V än
. ° d ONLN d—M ñY ≤ ) If the ° d ONLN dÿM ≤Y$ ) gxMapTransformShape ° d ONLN dÎM$Y√ )r' attribute of the shape object is set, ° d ONLN dM√Y )ü
GXRotateShape ° d ONLN d MY )N . ° d ONLN d Y ñe ’ (b ñperforms the r ≠¿ ° d ONLN d.Y ’ei )?!otation by setting the mapping pr ‡ ° d ONLN dOYje )ï&operty of the shape’s transform to an ° d ONLN due ñq ™ (n ñappr I@ ° d ONLN dye ´qh )*opriate mapping matrix. The original contr fl ° d ONLN d£ehq )Ω$ol points of the shape’s geometry ar g¿ ° d ONLN d«eq
)ûe ° d ONLN d…q ñ} Ø (z ñnot af ØÄ ° d ONLN dœq Ø} Ã )fected.
° d ONLN d◊Ü äç è (å än
. ° d ONLN dŸÉ ñè ≤ ) If the ° d ONLN d‡É ≤è$ ) gxMapTransformShape ° d ONLN dÛÉ$è’ )r, attribute of the shape object is not set, ° d ONLN d è ñõ ‰ (ò ñ
ÿ 2Ä ` Ä⁄ Ï ãùäpTç1Æs p⁄ Ï ç§¥–UõX∂m•∞⁄ Ï â•‡Y2¡§Yë ⁄ Ï …oÄõ7—n˘Kp⁄ Ï ìqÙ”ûaÃŒs`⁄ π π π π π π Î „Ü˝ cÄé˛ pfi Ï 6… a ”$ fi Î ,Ÿ √d @ fi Î ÕûªÅ“≈8 Çx>Ó ß;‡‡ Î g¶
¥Ä“Zhò6“Mk`‡ Î c& " ¸“ò$à^Ú@‡ Ï F$
y`ÿ∑√Qê)Âܯ¬Ä‡ Ï ò n`ê˙{æ`qπÉOfl È ˝ ˛ @˛ fl È ˝ ˛ @˛ fl È 8˘ ‡˛ fl π π π π π π ò H @8 @8› ; π π π π π π π π π π π π Î t¸ ¿€ Î »˛ Ä€ Î ` à ∞€ Î °˜Ÿ√ eª˝ù⁄0‹ Î °∂”C∂€iõ^X‹ Ï
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{é3¿·Õ7Òè&c‹ Î ˝ Ÿ Î ˝ Ÿ Î ˝ ÷ π π π π Î
¯ 8 Ä
Ü› Î L F @‡ Î Ã , ` ć Î ÷ºkZ -ˆ{Ä(o l◊Ö· Î ô∑∂€ˆ6“mÄ(~ d˝-∂· Ï õ&%ìd#$îI |dÃfiaf¿· Ï õti∫n"m‹˚∞LNàòk‰Ä· Ï ·Ï0ˆ<<iò€0fiÃ>è39Ä· ‰ Ÿ ‰ ` @Ÿ π π π π Ï √Äa‡ÚÄ =¯⁄ Î « `¿ Ÿ˛ ê @fi Î Äõ ê Äfi Ï R¡Ü¡í„V‡1æ«}5Öfl Ï V6AÇA„f€`1$…om∂fl Ï dd˘
. ° d ONLN d \ l h ú ( e l Listing 6-2 ° d ONLN d \ ú h Œ )0 shows the ,
Courier ° d ONLN d \ Œ h )2 RotateCurve ° d ONLN d ! \ h§ )B! sample function, which uses the ° d ONLN d B \§ hÚ )î
GXRotateShape ° d ONLN d O \Ú hÙ )N . ° d ONLN d P i l u ß ( r lfunction to cr {` ° d ONLN d ^ i ß u$ ); eate a mapping matrix that r '@ ° d ONLN d z i% u∏ )~!otates the curve shape by 90 degr ¿ ° d ONLN d õ i∏ u» )ìees.
ò * †¯ 4 ô * †¯ " ô *_
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° d ONLN d † é l ô ò ( ñ l Listing 6-2 . ° d ONLN d ¨ é ∞ ô ¡ )DThe ° d ONLN d ∞ é ¡ ô ) RotateCurve ° d ONLN d ª é ô& )B function
° d ONLN d Δ ® l ¥ ÿ ( ± lvoid RotateCurve() ° d ONLN d Ÿ ∂ l ¬ r *{ ° d ONLN d ‹ ƒ ~ – ú +fixed ° d ONLN d  ƒ Δ – fi )Hx,y; ° d ONLN d Î “ ~ fi ¿ ( € ~ gxRectangle ° d ONLN d ˙ “ Δ fi, )HcurveBoundsShape; ° d ONLN d Ó ~ ˙z ( ˜ ~*if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxCurveType) ° d ONLN d; ¸ ~ fi * CreateCurve(); ° d ONLN dM
~ ñ *else ° d ONLN dS ~$> * SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN dv4 ~@Ü * ,GXSetShapePen (gShape, ff(kMediumPenWidth)); ° d ONLN d•P ~\∞ * 3GXSetShapeAttributes (gShape, gxMapTransformShape); ° d ONLN d‹l ~xû * 0GXGetShapeBounds(gShape, 0L, &curveBoundsShape); ° d ONLN dz ~Ü⁄ *:x = (curveBoundsShape.left + curveBoundsShape.right) >> 1; ° d ONLN dJà ~î⁄ *:y = (curveBoundsShape.top + curveBoundsShape.bottom) >> 1; ° d ONLN d᧠~∞V * $GXRotateShape(gShape, ff(90), x, y); ° d ONLN d¨≤ læ r (ª l} ˇˇçZ ° d ONLN dÆ l÷ *"Notice that the parameters to the ˇ˛® – ° d ONLN d– ÷T )ö
GXRotateShape ˇˇçZ – ° d ONLN d› T÷€ )N function specify the shape to r Úò ° d ONLN d˝ €÷˜ )áotate, . ° d ONLN d◊ l„ í (‡ l the desir ≠ ° d ONLN d
◊ í„ … )&
ed angle of r ≥` ° d ONLN d◊ …„s )7'otation, and the point about which to r 1 ° d ONLN dA◊t„Á )´otate the shape (which, in ° d ONLN d\‰ l$ (Ì l-this case, is the center of the curve shape). ° d ONLN däˆ l Ñ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN dèˆ Ñ ò )e 6-2 @ ° d ONLN dîˆ ò Õ ) shows the r *Ä ° d ONLN d†ˆ Œ+ )6esult of this function. ˇ?∫ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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4 H \ , Palatino
&e . 3 +ä"CHAPTER à )>6 , Helvetica
ˇˇ—˚ ˇÆ ( @ ä
Programming W '_ )?ith Fõ ) T C ) ransforms 4⁄ ä˙ (‡ äSkewing ÿ‡ )$T X‡ )ext
° d ONLN d ‰Í äˆ (Û ä Since the typographic shapes ar c‡ ° d ONLN d͈5 )åe full-fl 9‡ ° d ONLN d Í6ˆä ) edged QuickDraw e` ° d ONLN d ÍäˆÎ )TGX shapes, they also r Ä ° d ONLN d2Íψ¸ )befer ¡† ° d ONLN d6͸ˆ )ence ° d ONLN d;˜ äY ( ä.transform objects, and the clip and mapping pr CÄ ° d ONLN di˜Z· )– operties apply to them as well. . ° d ONLN dâ ä û ( äThe ,
Courier ° d ONLN dç û Œ )SkewText ° d ONLN dï ŒF )0 sample function, shown in ° d ONLN d∞ Fv )x Listing 6-3 ° d ONLN dª vÀ )0, demonstrates the ° d ONLN dŒ À
)U GXSkewShape ° d ONLN dŸ
)B . ° d ONLN d⁄ ä"i ( ä3function, which skews a shape by altering its contr —` ° d ONLN d
mapping pr R` ° d ONLN d=# æ/ó )40operty of its transform object—depending on the R` ° d ONLN dm#ó/ )ŸgxMapTransformShape R` ° d ONLN dÄ# / )r ° d ONLN dÅ0 ä<= (9 ä'shape attribute. The parameters of the ° d ONLN d®0=< )≥ GXSkewShape ° d ONLN d≥0< )B function specify how much to . ° d ONLN d—= äIÎ (F äMskew the shape in each dimension and the point about which to skew the shape.
l Ht 4m Ht "m H_
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° d ONLN d b äm ∂ *$ Listing 6-3 . ° d ONLN d+b Œm fl )DThe ° d ONLN d/b flm )SkewText ° d ONLN d7bm2 )0 function
° d ONLN dB| äà ‰ (Ö ävoid SkewText() ° d ONLN dRä äñ ê *{ ° d ONLN dUò ú§ ∫ +fixed ° d ONLN d^ò ‰§ ¸ )Hx,y; ° d ONLN dd¶ ú≤ fi (Ø ú gxRectangle ° d ONLN ds¶ ‰≤D )HtextBoundsShape;
. ° d ONLN d \ ~ h ( e ~ChangeTextSizeAndFont(); ° d ONLN d x ~ Ñò * /GXGetShapeBounds(gShape, 0L, &textBoundsShape); ° d ONLN d L Ü ~ í *x = textBoundsShape.left; ° d ONLN d g î ~ †¬ *6x = textBoundsShape.left + textBoundsShape.right >> 1; ° d ONLN d ü ¢ ~ Ƭ *6y = textBoundsShape.top + textBoundsShape.bottom >> 1; ° d ONLN d ÿ æ ~ b * &GXSkewShape(gShape, fl(1.5), 0, x, y); ° d ONLN d ˇ à l ÿ r ( ’ l} . ° d ONLN d ‰ l Ñ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN d ‰ Ñ ò )e 6-3 @ ° d ONLN d ‰ ò Õ ) shows the r *Ä ° d ONLN d ‰ Œ + )6esult of this function.
Ò fi Ó Õ Ó Ò ˝ ˇÄ˜ ? ?¸?¸ Ó Ô ¯˛ < ~ ~˜ ‡˛¯‡¸ Ó #Ò ˛ Ä <¿˘ ‡Ä| ‡¸ Ó "Ò p‡ ¿ x¯ ¿Äp¸ Ó Ò 8 x˚ p į p 0‡0¸ Ó Ô < ˚ 8 ¿¿˘ 8 ¯¸ Ó !Ò Ä¸ ˘ < ¸ Ó Ô ‡¸ 8 <˘ ˛ å¸ Ó (Ò ¿ y¯˛Ä «¸ ˛ˇèÄÄ Ê¸ Ó (Ò ‡ ¿0‡p œfl > ¿¿˛ ¸ Ó (Ò x á¿˛8
0¿‡ÈŒ ¿`˛ ¸ Ó &Ó < √¿‡8 ‡ xx¿‡0 x ˇ‡¿˝ Ó )Ò ‡8á x Å¿p8 > ¿ ¯˝ Ó &Ó Ä xx á ÿ @‡ ‡ ˛˝ Ó *Ò ‡ < ¡Ä Ï √Ä ¯Ç ¿ gIJ Ó *Ò ˛ x Äp‡ ?Ä¿‡‡û¬· 8 1‡˛ Ó *Ò ˛ Éć8x ‡‡ x q8Ä x 8|˛ Ó &Ì ¿‡p < x x É¿ é@ Ä ˛ Ó *Ò ˛ ¿‡p #è < ¿‡C† Ä¿ ¿ Ó %Ï p ¡¿·¿ Äp8‡ ¯ Ó )Ò ˝ xćxxxÄ ‡< p< < 8 > Ó )Ò ˝ ¿x¬‡8 ‡ p Ä ÄÄ Ó (Ò ¸ |¸ ˇ| ¸‡¯ >˘˛ x>‡ Ó $Î | ˚ˇˇ¯ ‡pp Ä ˛ˇ Ó Ò ˚ ¯Â Ó
3\Ê:‡€ Î %4–´Yl€K`€ Î %‡≤2√H≥"@€ Î 7JoÅ67“›Úñ‡€ Î &s¥Òß côúÊ¿€ π π π π π π π Î « ˝ √Äɲ 8fi Î mí ¡ fi Í
Y≤ fi ò H @2 @2ˇÈV Î õ< sÉ•Ö8< w Sú¯‡ Í œLdŧöhvi¶¥ÿ‡ Í ΔLB˘ífD/xê‡ Î åHÈ¡±7Δ2dÚ√|`†‡ Î 008Œ¡!⁄~ 88‹¡ßΩ¿‡ Ë ˝ ˛ fl Ë ˝ ˛ fl Ë p˙ p˛ ć π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π Í @ 8 ˸ Ä‹ Í @ ê˛ € Í ¿ `‹ Î
CÔ±Δ Àw˚;ö.0› Î
Cm£Fm∂”6û6X› Î
‚I'Üi$ñ/$¿› Î
bäv6[u?| n÷› Î
˜ c¡√ön6g≥ Lf› Í ˝ ⁄ Í ˝ ⁄ Í 8˝ ◊ π π π Î p Ä fi Í ò ( Ü Ä· Î ò @ X 0¿ ‡ Î ·≠x÷ö [∂˜ P◊Õß3å–‚ Î 3om∑∂mí€ Pˆ≈Ì[6‚ Î 6LK&d#Ií ¯ƒ1çû¬f¿‚ Î 6Ë”tn"€ù˜`òé3 ◊dÄ‚ Î √ÿaÏ<<”∂aΩå|f9Ä‚ „ @⁄ „ ` Ä⁄ π π π π π Î á √¿Â˛ {€ Î é ¡Ä≤˛ 1 Äfl Î î 6 1 @fi Î §5É√%Δ≠¿cnŒ˙kô†‡ Î ¨lÉCΔÕ∂¿bD“fi€m‡‡ Î »…ÚÜô$ÄbEàôíÕć Î ÿ›#Ü
˜ c¡√ön6g≥ Lf› Í ˝ ⁄ Í ˝ ⁄ Í 8˝ ◊ π π π Î p Ä fi Í ò ( Ü Ä· Î ò @ X 0¿ ‡ Î ·≠x÷ö [∂˜ P◊Õß3å–‚ Î 3om∑∂mí€ Pˆ≈Ì[6‚ Î 6LK&d#Ií ¯ƒ1çû¬f¿‚ Î 6Ë”tn"€ù˜`òé3 ◊dÄ‚ Î √ÿaÏ<<”∂aΩå|f9Ä‚ „ @⁄ „ ` Ä⁄ π π π π π Î á √¿Â˛ {€ Î é ¡Ä≤˛ 1 Äfl Î î 6 1 @fi Î §5É√%Δ≠¿cnŒ˙kô†‡ Î ¨lÉCΔÕ∂¿bD“fi€m‡‡ Î »…ÚÜô$ÄbEàôíÕć Î ÿ›#Ü
. ° d ONLN d j ú v§ ( s ú,if (GXGetShapeType(gShape) != gxPictureType) ° d ONLN d . x ú Ñ * CreatePicture(); ° d ONLN d B Ü ú í ∫ *else ° d ONLN d H Ü ∫ í “ ) ° d ONLN d N î ú †\ ( ù ú SetUpEraserAndInvalWindow (); ° d ONLN d p ∞ ä º8 ( π ä /* Create the gxTransform. */ ° d ONLN d è æ ú Ä +&newWindowTransform = GXNewTransform(); ° d ONLN d ∑ à ú ÿ˛ *;GXScaleTransform(newWindowTransform, fix1/3, fix1/3, 0, 0); ° d ONLN d Ù ⁄ ú Ê‘ *4GXMoveTransform(newWindowTransform, ff(73), ff(15)); ° d ONLN d* ˆ ä ñ ( ˇ ä/* ° d ONLN d- ˆ ú⁄ )5Get a copy of the window gxShape from the picture. */ ° d ONLN dd ú¬ *1totalShapeCount = GXGetPictureParts(gShape, 3, 1, ° d ONLN d¢b Œ +Δ &theShapeInPict, ° d ONLN d¡ b,¬ * nil, nil, nil); ° d ONLN d’J äVn (S ä&/* Add a new window to the picture. */ ° d ONLN d˝X úd⁄ +5GXSetPictureParts(gShape, 0, 0, 1, &theShapeInPict, ° d ONLN d9f ˆr∂ +Z nil, nil, &newWindowTransform); ° d ONLN d]Ç úéÜ (ã ú'GXDisposeTransform(newWindowTransform); ° d ONLN dÖê äú ê (ô ä} . ° d ONLN dá® ä¥ ¢ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN då® ¢¥ ∂ )e 6-4 @ ° d ONLN dë® ∂¥ Î ) shows the r *Ä ° d ONLN dù® Ï¥I )6esult of this function.
÷ HÁ 4◊ HÁ "◊ H]
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° d ONLN dµÃ ä◊ ¥ (‘ ä
Figure 6-4 ° d ONLN d¿Ã Ã◊ “ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d¡Ã “◊5 ) house with two windows
° d ONLN d⁄< äH ≠ (E äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN d·< ÆHz )$-e information about adding elements to pictur ‹‡ ° d ONLN d<yH˚ )À es with overriding transform ° d ONLN d+I äU Ì (R äobjects, see the “Pictur ´Ä ° d ONLN dCI ÌUI )ce Shapes” chapter of ö¿ ° d ONLN dXIJU¸ )]'Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics (¿ ° d ONLN dI˝Uˇ )≥.
° d ONLN dèò ä§* (° ä%The transform object also contains a j` ° d ONLN d¥ò+§u )°hit-test property ü† ° d ONLN d≈òt§v )I, † ° d ONLN dΔòw§ )" which determines how shapes that ° d ONLN dË• ä± ù (Æ äshar S` ° d ONLN dÏ• ù± Î )e the transform ar ¿ ° d ONLN d˛• ϱ )ODe hit-tested. For example, the information included in the hit-test ° d ONLN dB≤ äæ ì (ª äpr G ° d ONLN dD≤ îæQ )
*operty determines what parts of a shape ar å@ ° d ONLN dn≤Qæ )Ω)e hit-tested and how close a mouse click
È Ú ‚ Ÿ ‚ ò H ¿ 3 ¿ 3ıˇ¬5ˆ È ˙ ˙ ‚ ‚ ˜‡˚ ‚ È ˚ ? ?˚ ‚ È ¸ ‡ ¸ ‚ È ¸ ~˛ Ä˝ ‚ ‰ ¿˝ ¯˝ ‚ È ˝ ¯¸ ¿˛ ‚  Ä˚ |˛ ‚ È ˙ ‡ ‚ È ?¯ > ‚ È ‡¯ ‚ Á ?ˆˇ˛ ‚ È ˆ ‚ Á ˆ ‚ È ˆ ‚ È ˆ ‚ È ¸ ˇ¿ ¯ ‚ Á Ñ @ ‚ È Ñ @ ‚ Á Ñ @ ‚ È ¸ @ ¯ ‚ È Ñ @ ‚ È Ñ @ ‚ Á Ñ @ ‚ È Ñ @ ‚ Á ¸ @ ¯ ‚ È ˝ @˝ ‚ È ˝ @˝ ‚ È ˝ @˝ ‚ Á ˝ @˝ ‚ È ?ˆˇ˛ ‚ Ÿ ‚
3.„ ‡‡ Ê õ$¥–´Y6Õß`‡ Ê í•‡≤2√$ôí@‡ Ê 7IoÅ67“oŸN‡‡ Ê ¶qÙÒß cÕév¿‡ π π π ò H @3 @3Òˇ¬1ˆ π π π π  „Ü˝ cÄDz 8„ Ê 6… a „ Â
,Ÿ „  ÕûªÅ“≈8 sÄSé¯Â  g¶
¥Ä“Zh$dŶöÿ  c& " ¸“~B/<êÂ Ê F$
y`ÿ∑Δ2È√|0†Â Ê ò n`ê˙~ 8Œ¡ßü¿Â „ ˝ ˛ ‰ „ ˝ ˛ ‰ „ 8˙ p˛ Ä π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π  ˸ ¿· Â ê˛ Ä·  ` ‡·  °˜ŸΔ Às˝π⁄.0‚  °∂”Fm≥i≥^6X‚ Ê
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1E>6[rüˆÜn÷‚ Ê
{é3¡√ögcÒèLf‚  ˝ fl  ˝ fl  ˝ ‹ π π π Â
¯ p Ä
„  L $ Ü @Ê Â Ã L 0¿ ÄÊ Â ÷¯÷ö -ˆÎÄP◊Õß1ÖÁ  ô∑Ì∑∂6“ÕÄPˆ≈ÌY∂Á Ê õ&K&d#$îâ ¯ƒ1çû¡f¿Á Ê õt”tn"m›€‡òé3 ”‰ÄÁ Ê ·ÏaÏ<<iôõaΩå|c9ÄÁ fi @fl fi ` Äfl π π π π π Ê √Ä¡‡‚Ä ?∏‡  « ¿¿±˛ ĉ ò H @ Ä3 @ Ä31ˇ¬qˆ Â
Ä3 @„ Ê R5ÅÜ√"Ê≠¿3>«Ìkå–Â Ê VlÅÇC√m∂¿2$…œ€6Â Ê d…π
y`ÿ∑Δ2È√|0†Â Ê ò n`ê˙~ 8Œ¡ßü¿Â „ ˝ ˛ ‰ „ ˝ ˛ ‰ „ 8˙ p˛ Ä π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π  ˸ ¿· Â ê˛ Ä·  ` ‡·  °˜ŸΔ Às˝π⁄.0‚  °∂”Fm≥i≥^6X‚ Ê
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{é3¡√ögcÒèLf‚  ˝ fl  ˝ fl  ˝ ‹ π π π Â
¯ p Ä
„  L $ Ü @Ê Â Ã L 0¿ ÄÊ Â ÷¯÷ö -ˆÎÄP◊Õß1ÖÁ  ô∑Ì∑∂6“ÕÄPˆ≈ÌY∂Á Ê õ&K&d#$îâ ¯ƒ1çû¡f¿Á Ê õt”tn"m›€‡òé3 ”‰ÄÁ Ê ·ÏaÏ<<iôõaΩå|c9ÄÁ fi @fl fi ` Äfl π π π π π Ê √Ä¡‡‚Ä ?∏‡  « ¿¿±˛ ĉ ò H @ Ä3 @ Ä31ˇ¬qˆ Â
Ä3 @„ Ê R5ÅÜ√"Ê≠¿3>«Ìkå–Â Ê VlÅÇC√m∂¿2$…œ€6Â Ê d…π
° d ONLN d \ l h ‚ ( e l must be to qualify as a hit. C ° d ONLN d \ „ h È )wY † ° d ONLN d \ È hœ )4ou can manipulate the hit-test parameters using the ,
Courier . ° d ONLN d R i l u Í ( r lGXGetTransformHitTest ° d ONLN d g i Í u ˇ )~ and ° d ONLN d l i ˇ u} )GXSetTransformHitTest ° d ONLN d Å i} u÷ )~ functions, which ar R` ° d ONLN d ï i÷ u› )Ye . ° d ONLN d ó v l Ç ¿ ( ldescribed in the “T ¨Ä ° d ONLN d ™ v ø ÇA )S ransform Objects” chapter of º¿ ° d ONLN d « vA Çæ )Ç Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw ¿ ° d ONLN d „ vø ÇÓ )~
'eates a layout shape and then uses the R` ° d ONLN d† ßõ ≥ı )∞GXHitTestLayout R` ° d ONLN dØ ßı ≥˜ )Z . ° d ONLN d∞ ¥ l ¿c ( Ω l8function to determine which character of the layout corr Ò† ° d ONLN dË ¥c ¿‚ )˜ esponds to the location wher & ° d ONLN d ¥„ ¿Í )Äe . ° d ONLN d ¡ l Õw ( l=the user clicked the mouse. It uses the information, and the ° d ONLN dC ¡w Õ◊ ( wGXGetLayoutCaret ° d ONLN dS ¡◊ ÕŸ )` . ° d ONLN dT Œ l ⁄ – ( ◊ lfunction, to draw a car `¿ ° d ONLN dk Œ – ⁄
)det at the appr ’¿ ° d ONLN dy Œ
ڀ ): opriate point in the layout.
˝ *¯ 4 ˛ *¯ " ˛ *_
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° d ONLN dñ Û l ˛ ò ( ˚ l Listing 6-5 . ° d ONLN d¢ Û ∞ ˛ ¡ )DThe ° d ONLN d¶ Û ¡ ˛- )HitTestLayoutCaret ° d ONLN d∏ Û- ˛P )l function
° d ONLN d√
lD ( l$void HitTestLayoutCaret(theHitPoint) ° d ONLN dË l' ñ *gxPoint ° d ONLN dÒ ñ' fi )* theHitPoint; ° d ONLN d˛) l5 r (2 l{ ° d ONLN d7 ~C fi +gxLayoutHitInfo ° d ONLN d7 fiCJ )` theLayoutHitInfo; ° d ONLN d'E ~Q Δ (N ~ gxByteOffset ° d ONLN d8E ÿQJ )ZtheCharacterOffset; ° d ONLN dNa ~m ® (j ~static ° d ONLN dVa ®m fi )* gxBoolean ° d ONLN dca fim2 )6caretWasDrawn; ° d ONLN dt} ~â ê (Ü ~/* ° d ONLN dzã êó» +4The caret has been drawn before. Therefore we erase ° d ONLN d±ô ê•í *+the"old" caret before we draw the new one. ° d ONLN dfiß ~≥ ä (∞ ~*/ ° d ONLN d‚µ ~¡ ˆ *if (caretWasDrawn) { ° d ONLN d˘√ êœ∂ +1SetShapeCommonTransfer(gLayoutCaret, gxCopyMode); ° d ONLN d-— ê›, *GXDrawShape(gLayoutCaret); ° d ONLN dJfl êÎ> * GXDisposeShape(gLayoutCaret); ° d ONLN diÌ ~˘ Ñ (ˆ ~} ° d ONLN dn ~n * (theLayoutHitInfo.hitTrackingArea = nil; ° d ONLN dò ~#¯ *?/* Otherwise, QuickDraw GX would try to use a garbage shape. */ ° d ONLN d›3 ~?‡ * ;theCharacterOffset = GXHitTestLayout(gShape, &theHitPoint, ° d ONLN d&AVMÊ +ÿgxHighlightAverageAngle, ° d ONLN dLOV[Ê *&theLayoutHitInfo, nil); ° d ONLN dgk ~w‡ (t ~;gLayoutCaret = GXGetLayoutCaret(gShape, theCharacterOffset, ° d ONLN dÆy2Ö» +¥gxHighlightAverageAngle, ° d ONLN d◊á2ìº *gxSplitCaretType, nil); ° d ONLN dÙ£ ~Ø» (¨ ~7SetShapeCommonTransfer (gLayoutCaret, gxHighlightMode); ° d ONLN d-± ~ΩÜ *,SetShapeCommonColor (gLayoutCaret, gxWhite); ˇ;. @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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4 H \ , Palatino
&e . 3 +ä"CHAPTER à )>6 , Helvetica
ˇˇ—˚ ˇÆ ( @ ä
Programming W '_ )?ith Fõ ) T C ) ransforms 4⁄ ä˙ (‡ äHit-T ˝p )esting
. ° d ONLN d j ú v ® ( s ú/* ˇˇ¸ ° d ONLN d x Æ Ñ +=This call will cause the layout and the caret to be redrawn. ° d ONLN d H Ü Æ í *<This prevents streaks from appearing in our layout gxShape. ° d ONLN d Ü î ú † ® ( ù ú*/ ° d ONLN d ä ¢ ú Æ *InvalidWindowRect (); ° d ONLN d ¢ æ ú * caretWasDrawn = true; ° d ONLN d ∏ à ä ÿ ê ( ’ ä} ° d ONLN d ∫ ‰ ä û *The ° d ONLN d æ ‰ û ¯ )GXHitTestLayout ° d ONLN d Õ ‰ ¯ $ )Z function r R` ° d ONLN d ÿ ‰$ ä ),eturns the character of $¿ ° d ONLN d Ô ‰ä Æ )f fset corr ˜ ° d ONLN d ¯ ‰≠ ˘ )#esponding to the ° d ONLN d Ò ä ˝8 ( ˙ ä'location of the mouse click, which the ° d ONLN d0 Ò8 ˝ò )ÆGXGetLayoutCaret ° d ONLN d@ Òò ˝Á )` function uses to cr R` ° d ONLN dT ÒÁ ˝ )O eate and . ° d ONLN d] ˛ ä
≈ ( äposition a car √‡ ° d ONLN dk ˛ ≈
Î ); et shape. ° d ONLN du ä ê ( äT µ¿ ° d ONLN dv è ö )o r p@ ° d ONLN dy õ ´ ) efer ` ° d ONLN d} ¨ ‡ ) ence the car ‡ ° d ONLN dâ ‡ s )4"et shape, the sample function intr [‡ ° d ONLN d´s ¯ )ì oduces a new global variable, . ° d ONLN d… ä) “ (& ä gLayoutCaret ° d ONLN d’ “) )H, which is declar R` ° d ONLN dÊ )H )L
ed in the R` ° d ONLN d H)Δ )*QD GX Overview Draw.c R` ° d ONLN d Δ)Ã )~ f "‡ ° d ONLN d Ã) )ile and handle ° d ONLN d* ä6N (3 ä,similarly to the other global shapes in the ° d ONLN dB*N6ñ )ƒ DoInitialize ° d ONLN dN*ñ6õ )H, ° d ONLN dP*õ6ø )DoDraw ï ° d ONLN dV*æ6÷ )#, and ï ° d ONLN d\*÷6 ) DoDispose ï ° d ONLN de* 6 )6 . ° d ONLN df7 äC µ (@ ä
functions. ° d ONLN dqI äU ¢ *Figur R¿ ° d ONLN dvI ¢U ∂ )e 6-5 @ ° d ONLN d{I ∂U Î ) shows the r *Ä ° d ONLN dáI ÏU )6Cesult of this function after the user clicks the mouse between the dž ° d ONLN d I U (R Q I‡ ° d ONLN dÀIU ) ° d ONLN dÃV äb ≠ (_ äand the JÄ ° d ONLN d‘V Æb ≥ )$u Ÿ† ° d ONLN d’V ≥b ‚ ) of the wor ë‡ ° d ONLN d‡V „b Î )0d -† ° d ONLN d‚V Ïb ) QuickDraw 5† ° d ONLN dÎVb )/.
Ñ Hï 4Ö Hï "Ö H]
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° d ONLN dÌz äÖ ¥ (Ç ä
Figure 6-5 ° d ONLN d¯z ÃÖ “ )BA 0 ° d ONLN d˘z “Ö ) layout with a caret
° d ONLN dÍ äˆ ≠ (Û äFor mor ¿ ° d ONLN dÍ Æˆ˙ )$Me information about hit-testing and hit-testing parameters, see the chapters ° d ONLN dc˜ ä Ú ( ä“Shape Objects” and “T x@ ° d ONLN dy˜ ÚP )hransform Objects” in ∂Ä ° d ONLN dé˜P¸ )^&Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Objects X@ ° d ONLN d¥˜˝ )≠. For ° d ONLN dª ä › (
äinformation specifi )Ä ° d ONLN dŒ fi: )Tc to hit-testing pictur _ ° d ONLN dÂ:» )\!e shapes, see the chapter “Pictur †† ° d ONLN d» )é
e Shapes” in ° d ONLN d ä < ( ä'Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics ° d ONLN d:= ß )≥. For information specifi .¿ ° d ONLN dSß )jc to hit-testing layout ° d ONLN dk ä*J (' ä+shapes, see the chapter “Layout Shapes” in ƒ† ° d ONLN dñ J*fi )¿ Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX T :† ° d ONLN d∂ fi* )î ypography †` ° d ONLN dø *
° d ONLN d \ ä h ” ( e äThis chapter intr õ ° d ONLN d \ ” h‹ )I8oduces some key concepts of the QuickDraw GX printing ar òÄ ° d ONLN d I \‹ h ( e‹ chitectur M@ ° d ONLN d R \ h )'e. ° d ONLN d U i ä u ¡ ( r ä
In particular ‰` ° d ONLN d b i ¿ u˚ )6F, it shows how to display the Document Setup dialog box and the Print ° d ONLN d ® v ä Ç ( ä!dialog box, and it shows one appr ` ° d ONLN d … v ÇË )ñ*oach to printing your QuickDraw GX shapes. ° d ONLN d Ù à ä îë ( ë ä9For a complete discussion of the QuickDraw GX printing ar ñ† ° d ONLN d- àë î∑ ( ëë chitectur K` ° d ONLN d6 à∏ î“ )'e, see e@ ° d ONLN d= à“ îÏ )Inside ° d ONLN dD ï ä ° ( û ä Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Printing ”¿ ° d ONLN dd ï °% )ñ. ¶ ° d ONLN df ï% °+ )Y f† ° d ONLN dg ï+ °í )ou might also want to r E ° d ONLN d~ ïí °§ )gead ™` ° d ONLN dÇ ï§ °Ó )Inside Macintosh: ° d ONLN dî ¢ ä ÆR ( ´ ä,QuickDraw GX Printing Extensions and Drivers Ô‡ ° d ONLN d¿ ¢R Æø )» for information about cr „ ° d ONLN dŸ ¢ø Æ
)meating your own ° d ONLN dÈ Ø ä ª8 ( ∏ ä(printing extensions and printer drivers.
° d ONLN d ’ ä · ê ( fi äY @Ä ° d ONLN d ’ ê · « ) ou should cr ÅÄ ° d ONLN d) ’ « ·è )7-eate a desktop printer with the Chooser befor ÃÄ ° d ONLN dV ’è ·√ )» e including ° d ONLN db · ä Ì Õ ( Í äthe functions fr ¡Ä ° d ONLN dr · Õ Ì° )C0om this chapter in your sample application. See
. ° d ONLN dÓ; äG £ (D äBefor R` ° d ONLN dÛ; £Gt )0e your application can print, you must call the ,
Courier R` ° d ONLN d#;tG¬ )—
EnterPrinting R` ° d ONLN d0;¬GÌ )N function. ° d ONLN d;H äT ê (Q äT ö ° d ONLN d<H èT ∑ )ypically ~@ ° d ONLN dDH ∂Tß )'7, you call this function immediately after calling the ~@ ° d ONLN d{HßT )ÒGXEnterGraphics ~@ ° d ONLN däHT )Z ° d ONLN dãU äa · (^ äfunction. Similarly d@ ° d ONLN dûU ‡a> )V, you should call the d@ ° d ONLN d¥U>aí )^GXExitPrinting d@ ° d ONLN d¬Uía— )T function befor 6† ° d ONLN d—U—a )?e calling the ° d ONLN dflb än fi (k äGXExitGraphics ° d ONLN dÌb fin )T
function. . ° d ONLN d¯t äÄ (} ä The QuickDraw GX printing ar X¿ ° d ONLN dtÄ: )ä chitectur
Ä ° d ONLN d t;ÄL )'e pr @ ° d ONLN d!tLÄ| ) ovides the " ° d ONLN d,t|Ää )0job ‡ ° d ONLN d/tãÄÿ ) object to contain ° d ONLN dBÅ äç µ (ä ä
. ° d ONLN d \ l h ( e l&This sample function simply calls the ,
Courier ° d ONLN d & \ hH )¨GXNewJob ° d ONLN d . \H h )0 funtion to cr R` ° d ONLN d < \ h› )7eate a new job object, ° d ONLN d S i l u ö ( r l
which is r R` ° d ONLN d ] i ö u ¨ ).efer $¿ ° d ONLN d a i ¨ u/ ) enced by the global variable $¿ ° d ONLN d ~ i/ uw )É gDocumentJob $¿ ° d ONLN d ä iw uz )H: ° d ONLN d å Ä l å fi ( â lgxJob gDocumentJob; . ° d ONLN d † ò l §- *+Note that in your application you should pr ˜Ä ° d ONLN d À ò- §Z )¡ ovide mor oÄ ° d ONLN d ‘ ò[ §n ).e err :` ° d ONLN d Ÿ òo §≈ )or handling than pr æÄ ° d ONLN d Ï ò≈ §Ù )V
ovided by ° d ONLN d ˆ • l ± » ( Æ lthis sample function.
‘ * ‹¯ 4 ’ * ‹¯ " ’ *_
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° d ONLN d l ’ ò *$ Listing 7-2 . ° d ONLN d ∞ ’ ¡ )DThe ° d ONLN d ¡ ’ )DisposePrintJob ° d ONLN d+ ’> )Z function
° d ONLN d6 ‰ l ˆ ( Ì lvoid DisposePrintJob () ° d ONLN dN Ú l ˛ r *{ ° d ONLN dQ ~ ú +OSErr ° d ONLN dW ú fi ) printError; ° d ONLN de ~(n (% ~(printError = GXDisposeJob(gDocumentJob); ° d ONLN dè* ~6‡ *;if (printError != noErr) DebugStr("\p Blam! GXDisposeJob"); ° d ONLN dÀ8 lD r (A l} ° d ONLN dÕP l\ ” *This function calls the ° d ONLN dÂP ”\ )g GXDisposeJob ° d ONLN dÒP\è )H function to dispose of the ° d ONLN d
° d ONLN d:ü l´ ˛ (® l In the QuickDraw GX printing ar *@ ° d ONLN dYü ˇ´% )ì chitectur fl ° d ONLN dbü%´± )&!e, the Page Setup dialog box is r >† ° d ONLN dÉü≤´Ù )çeplaced by the ° d ONLN dí¨ l∏? (µ l-Document Setup dialog box, which is shown in • ° d ONLN dø¨?∏W )”Figur w‡ ° d ONLN dƒ¨W∏k )e 7-1 ` ° d ONLN d…¨l∏n ).
⁄ *ί 4€ *ί "€ *]
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° d ONLN dÀ– l€ ñ (ÿ l
Figure 7-1 ° d ONLN d÷– Æ€ Î )B
The Document † ° d ONLN d„– Ï€/ )>Setup dialog box † Ç ° d
° d ONLN dã# ä/ € (, äQuickDraw GX pr e` ° d ONLN dö# €/◊ )Q8ovides two methods for printing. The sample function in Y ° d ONLN d“#ÿ/ )˝ Listing 7-4 ˘@ ° d ONLN d›#/ ). ° d ONLN dfi0 ä<˘ (9 äTdemonstrates one of these methods: collecting all the shapes on a page into a pictur ∂@ ° d ONLN d20˘< (9˘e, . ° d ONLN d5= äI (F ä and then printing the pictur R` ° d ONLN dQ=I: )~ e with the R` ° d ONLN d\=:I| )2 GXPrintPage R` ° d ONLN dg=|Iˇ )B function. (The other method ° d ONLN dÑJ äV§ (S äBconsists basically of setting up to print a page and then calling ° d ONLN dΔJ§VÊ (S§ GXDrawShape ° d ONLN d—JÊV )B
in turn for . ° d ONLN dfiW äc ˆ (` äeach shape on the page.) . ° d ONLN d˜i äu £ *Befor R` ° d ONLN d¸i £u( ) e you begin printing with the R` ° d ONLN di(uj )Ö GXPrintPage R` ° d ONLN d%ijuÓ )B function, you should call the ° d ONLN dDv äÇ Δ ( ä
GXStartJob ° d ONLN dNv ΔÇ( )< function; when you ar R` ° d ONLN ddv(Ç3 )be f "‡ ° d ONLN dgv3Ç€ ) &inished printing, you should call the ° d ONLN dçÉ äè à (å ä GXFinishJob ° d ONLN dòÉ Ãè ı )B
° d ONLN d \ l g ò ( d l Listing 7-4 . ° d ONLN d \ ∞ g ¡ )DThe ,
Courier ° d ONLN d \ ¡ g )DoPrintOneCopy ° d ONLN d \ g8 )T function
° d ONLN d ) v l Ç ( l OSErr DoPrintOneCopy(window) ° d ONLN d F Ñ l ê ® *
WindowPtr ° d ONLN d Q Ñ ® ê “ )<window; ° d ONLN d Y í l û r ( õ l{ ° d ONLN d \ † ~ ¨ ® +gxShape ° d ONLN d f † ¥ ¨ ‰ )6thePage; ° d ONLN d p Æ ~ ∫ ¢ ( ∑ ~Str255 ° d ONLN d y Æ ¥ ∫ ¸ )6 windowTitle; ° d ONLN d á º ~ » ú ( ≈ ~OSErr ° d ONLN d è º ¥ » ˆ )6 printError; ° d ONLN d û ÿ ~ ‰V ( · ~$thePage = GXNewShape(gxPictureType); ° d ONLN d ≈ Ù ~ å * -if (GXGetShapeType (gShape) == gxPictureType) ° d ONLN d Ù ~n *( thePage = GXCopyToShape (nil, gShape); ° d ONLN d ~ ñ *else ° d ONLN d$ ~*8 * AddToShape(thePage, gShape); ° d ONLN dE, ~8 ê * ° d ONLN dJ: ~F ê * ° d ONLN dOH ~T Δ * if (window) ° d ONLN d]V ~b Ñ *{ ° d ONLN dad êpJ + GetWTitle(window, windowTitle); ° d ONLN dÑÄ êåÜ * )GXStartJob(gDocumentJob, windowTitle, 1); ° d ONLN d±ú ê®å * *if (GXGetJobError(gDocumentJob) != noErr) ° d ONLN dfl™ ¢∂t +#DebugStr("\p Error in GXStartJob"); ° d ONLN d Δ ê“⁄ (œ ê7GXPrintPage(gDocumentJob, GXGetJobFormat(gDocumentJob), ° d ONLN dF‘ Δ‡ +6
thePage, 1); ° d ONLN dZ ê¸å (˘ ê*if (GXGetJobError(gDocumentJob) != noErr) ° d ONLN dà˛ ¢
z +$DebugStr("\p Error in GXPrintPage"); ° d ONLN d∞ ê&, (# êGXFinishJob(gDocumentJob); ° d ONLN dŒ6 êBå * *if (GXGetJobError(gDocumentJob) != noErr) ° d ONLN d¸D ¢Pz +$DebugStr("\p Error in GXFinishJob"); ° d ONLN d"R ~^ Ñ ([ ~} ° d ONLN d&x ~Ñ *&GXDisposeShape(thePage); ° d ONLN d?Ü lí r (è l} ˇiÍ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
° d ONLN d n ä z œ ( w äThis function cr € ° d ONLN d n œ z. )Eeates an empty pictur Ä ° d ONLN d % n/ z¬ )`"e shape and adds to it the shape r ~ ° d ONLN d G n¬ z“ )ìefer * ° d ONLN d K n” z
)
enced by the ,
Courier ˇˇÆ . ° d ONLN d X { ä á Æ ( Ñ ägShape ˇˇ±: ° d ONLN d ^ { Æ á )$P global variable. Then it determines the title of the sample application window ° d ONLN d Æ à ä î fi ( ë äand sends it to the ° d ONLN d ¬ à fi î )T
GXStartJob ° d ONLN d à à îï )< function, which causes the ° d ONLN d Ë àï î— ){
GXStartJob ° d ONLN d Ú à— î )<
function to . ° d ONLN d ˇ ï ä °) ( û ä#name the print job after the window O ° d ONLN d" ï) ° )ü2. (QuickDraw GX uses the job name when displaying ° d ONLN dT ¢ ä Æ „ ( ´ ästatus dialog boxes.) . ° d ONLN dj ¥ ä ¿p *3The sample function then prints the page using the ° d ONLN dù ¥p ¿≤ )Ê GXPrintPage ° d ONLN d® ¥≤ ¿Ù )B function and fi ° d ONLN d∏ ¥Ù ¿ )Bnishes ° d ONLN dø ¡ ä Õ Ú ( äprinting by calling the ° d ONLN d◊ ¡ Ú Õ4 )h GXFinishJob ° d ONLN d‚ ¡4 Õ] )B
° d ONLN d ä ß ( äThe pr LJ ° d ONLN d ß ) Nevious section showed you how to print one copy of the shape displayed by the ° d ONLN dc ä)¯ (& äVsample application. In this section, you’ll learn how to display the Print dialog box ° d ONLN dπ* ä6 ° *
befor _† ° d ONLN dæ* °6 œ ) e printing. ° d ONLN d < äH ¢ (E äFigur R¿ ° d ONLN dœ< ¢H ∂ )e 7-2 @ ° d ONLN d‘< ∂H1 ) shows the Print dialog box.
